DysphagiaNCT05074784
Effects of IOPI on Swallowing Function and Functional Status in Geriatric Patients
A study testing IOPI Therapy and Tongue Depressor Traditional Intervention in people with Dysphagia, run by Khoo Teck Puat Hospital.
Trial summary
This project is an exploratory study that aims to investigate the effects of IOPI therapy on the swallowing function and tongue strength of geriatric patients in a geriatric ward in an acute hospital. Its secondary aim is to investigate the correlation between IOPI readings and functional status. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 78 to 99 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Dysphagia
- What is being tested?
- IOPI Therapy and Tongue Depressor Traditional Intervention
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 84 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Oct 2021to 1 Nov 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 78 to 99 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- aged 78-99 years old
- CFS rating of 4-7
- able to sit out of bed
- able to follow at least 2-step directions (even for patients with cognitive condition e.g. dementia )
- diagnosed with dysphagia by the ward speech therapist and assessed to be suitable for therapy
- have not been admitted for more than 2 days
Who cannot join
- acute neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury or stroke
- history of head and neck cancer, surgery or radiotherapy to head and neck region and 3) patients on long term tube feeding
About this study
This project is an exploratory study that aims to investigate the effects of IOPI therapy on the swallowing function and tongue strength of geriatric patients in a geriatric ward in an acute hospital. Its secondary aim is to investigate the correlation between IOPI readings and functional status. The result of this study could help to improve current practice of dysphagia intervention in the geriatric population. If results are significant, there will be research evidence to put forth a change to work processes for speech therapists. IOPI will be more widely used in the clinical context and will then result in better functional outcomes.
Read the detailed description
In recent years, there have been increasing evidence that tongue strengthening exercises have the ability to improve tongue muscle strength and tongue muscle thickness in the geriatric population. These improvements have a direct impact on the oral phase of swallow, specifically resulting in better orolingual manipulation and propulsion, and increasing intra-oral pressure for better bolus clearance. Reduction in tongue strength and other swallowing parameters can lead to swallowing disorder known as dysphagia. In the healthy ageing population, weakness in swallowing muscles is termed presbyphagia. Geriatric patients have an even higher chance of transitioning from presbyphagia to dysphagia when they become acutely unwell. Studies have also shown that deterioration of the whole-body muscle strength is associated with poorer oral function. Additionally, other studies have also shown that a lower isometric tongue strength might represent diminished functional reserves, which may increase the risk of dysphagia once an insult to the body occurs. There is also evidence that people who have episodes of aspiration have significantly weaker tongue strength at both the anterior and posterior regions. Thus, frail geriatric adults who have weaker skeletal muscles are at a higher risk of developing dysphagia. The tongue is amendable to therapy but current practices in Singapore lack an objective measure. Conventional dysphagia oromotor exercises employ the use of a tongue depressor. This method lacks a quantifiable measure to track outcome and is quite subjective to individual therapists. There is also a lack of practice guideline on recommended resistive load and frequency of exercise in the geriatric population in the acute setting. Other than outcome measures and practice guidelines, there is also a lack of research investigating the correlation of tongue strength and functional status. A few studies have explored the effects of different resistive load used in tongue strengthening exercises, although it was recommended to use a resistive load between 60% to 80% for more positive and extrinsic feedback, and for target population with a lower frustration threshold. Studies also used a longer timeframe of 3-4 weeks of rehabilitation to attain significant effects from skeletal muscle exercise. This, however, is not realistic in the acute geriatric setting in Singapore where the mean length of stay is 10 days. Thus, this study is an exploratory study to investigate the efficacy of using IOPI in this population to improve swallowing function and tongue strength. This study also aims to investigate if a correlation exists between IOPI reading and functional status.
- Conditions
- Dysphagia
- Being tested
- IOPI Therapy, Tongue Depressor Traditional Intervention
- Medical subject headings
- Deglutition Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
IOPI TherapyDevice
Obtain IOPI reading at start of session, record the best of 3 readings as baseline strength. Calculate exercise resistance for session at 60% of baseline strength. Using the IOPI, participants will perform 24 sets of 5 repetition at anterior position, allowing for 30 secs rest in between sets.
Tongue Depressor Traditional InterventionDevice
Using the tongue depressor, participants will be prompted to stick their tongue out as much as they can and to push hard against the tongue depressor for 10 seconds. They will be required to repeat this action 10 times, constituting one set. They will be asked to perform 3 sets, with 30 secs of rest between each set
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Active comparator | Tongue depressor exercise protocol for tongue strengthening for control group. Using the tongue depressor, participants will be prompted to stick their tongue out as much as they can and to push hard against the tongue depressor for 10 seconds. They will be required to repeat this action 10 times, constituting one set. They will be asked to perform 3 sets, with 30 secs of rest between each set. Arrange for 5 sessions for a week; sessions can take place on consecutive days. Receives: Device: Tongue Depressor Traditional Intervention |
| Intervention Group | Experimental | IOPI exercise protocol for tongue strengthening for intervention group. Using the IOPI, participants will perform 24 sets of 5 repetition at anterior position, allowing for 30 secs rest in between sets. Arrange for 5 sessions for a week; sessions can take place on consecutive days. Receives: Device: IOPI Therapy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Percentage of increase in tongue strength
The IOPI device will be used to measure tongue strength at the anterior position on the last day of intervention. This will be compared to the baseline tongue strength collected on the first day of intervention.
Measured: 5 intervention days
Improvement in score on Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS)
The speech therapist will rate the participant's FOIS score at the start and end of intervention according to the type of diet that the participant is prescribed.
Measured: 5 intervention days
Secondary outcomes (6)
Improvement in AusTOMs Swallowing Scale Rating
The speech therapist will rate the participant on the AusTOMs swallowing scale at the beginning and end of intervention with accordance to the severity of dysphagia.
Measured: 5 intervention days
Improvement in Modified Barthel Index (MBI) Score
The occupational therapist will provide a baseline and outcome rating on the MBI for each participant. This will contribute to the evaluation of the patient's functional status at the end of intervention.
Measured: 5 intervention days
Improvement in hand grip strength (HGS)
The speech therapist administering the intervention will assess for hand grip strength at the beginning and end of intervention. This will contribute to the evaluation of the patient's functional status at the end of intervention.
Measured: 5 intervention days
Improvement in timed sit-to-stand duration
The speech therapist administering the intervention will assess for timed sit-to-stand at the beginning and end of intervention. This will contribute to the evaluation of the patient's functional status at the end of intervention.
Measured: 5 intervention days
Improvement in the score of the SARC-F questionnaire
The speech therapist administering the intervention will complete the questionnaire with the participant at the beginning and end of intervention. This will contribute to the evaluation of the patient's functional status at the end of intervention.
Measured: 5 intervention days
Improvement in overall functional status.
The investigators of the study will compare the baseline and outcome measures for the AusTOMs swallowing scale rating, MBI, HGS, timed sit-to-stand and SARC-F scores to evaluate if participants show an improvement in their overall functional status.
Measured: 5 intervention days
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 Oct 2021
- Study start1 Oct 2021 (estimated)
- Primary completion1 Oct 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion1 Nov 2022 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for DysphagiaStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Patients will be randomized into control group or intervention group.
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Khoo Teck Puat Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Healthcare Group, Singapore
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Choo Wan Ling, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05074784
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2021/00223
- Status last verified
- Sep 2021
- First submitted
- 18 Sep 2021
- Last updated
- 12 Oct 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Adams V, Mathisen B, Baines S, Lazarus C, Callister R. Reliability of measurements of tongue and hand strength and endurance using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument with elderly adults. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;37(5):389-95. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2014.921245. Epub 2014 May 22.
PubMed 24854105Aoki, Y., Kabuto, S., Ozeki, Y., Tanaka, T., amp; Ota, K. (2015). The effect of tongue pressure strengthening exercise for dysphagic patients. Japanese Journal of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Science, 6, 129-136.
Butler SG, Stuart A, Leng X, Wilhelm E, Rees C, Williamson J, Kritchevsky SB. The relationship of aspiration status with tongue and handgrip strength in healthy older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011 Apr;66(4):452-8. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glq234. Epub 2011 Feb 7.
PubMed 21300744Kim, S., Kim, M., Lee, S., Choi, B., amp; Heo, Y. (2019). The Effects of Orofacial Myofunctional Training on the Changes of Lip and Tongue Strength in Elderly People. Journal of Dental Hygiene Science, 19(4), 279-287. doi:https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2019.19.4.279
Namasivayam-MacDonald AM, Riquelme LF. Presbyphagia to Dysphagia: Multiple Perspectives and Strategies for Quality Care of Older Adults. Semin Speech Lang. 2019 Jun;40(3):227-242. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1688837. Epub 2019 Jun 3.
PubMed 31158906Park JS, Lee SH, Jung SH, Choi JB, Jung YJ. Tongue strengthening exercise is effective in improving the oropharyngeal muscles associated with swallowing in community-dwelling older adults in South Korea: A randomized trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Oct;98(40):e17304. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017304.
PubMed 31577721Sagawa K, Furuya H, Ohara Y, Yoshida M, Hirano H, Iijima K, Kikutani T. Tongue function is important for masticatory performance in the healthy elderly: a cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling elderly. J Prosthodont Res. 2019 Jan;63(1):31-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2018.03.006. Epub 2018 Sep 7.
PubMed 30197226Van den Steen L, Schellen C, Verstraelen K, Beeckman AS, Vanderwegen J, De Bodt M, Van Nuffelen G. Tongue-Strengthening Exercises in Healthy Older Adults: Specificity of Bulb Position and Detraining Effects. Dysphagia. 2018 Jun;33(3):337-344. doi: 10.1007/s00455-017-9858-3. Epub 2017 Oct 19.
PubMed 29052051Van den Steen L, Vanderwegen J, Guns C, Elen R, De Bodt M, Van Nuffelen G. Tongue-Strengthening Exercises in Healthy Older Adults: Does Exercise Load Matter? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Dysphagia. 2019 Jun;34(3):315-324. doi: 10.1007/s00455-018-9940-5. Epub 2018 Sep 12.
PubMed 30209561Van den Steen L, De Bodt M, Guns C, Elen R, Vanderwegen J, Van Nuffelen G. Tongue-Strengthening Exercises in Healthy Older Adults: Effect of Exercise Frequency - A Randomized Trial. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2021;73(2):109-116. doi: 10.1159/000505153. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
PubMed 32023617Yoshimi K, Nakagawa K, Hara K, Yamaguchi K, Nakane A, Kubota K, Furuya J, Tohara H. Relationship between tongue pressure and back muscle strength in healthy elderly individuals. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 Dec;32(12):2549-2555. doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01484-5. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
PubMed 32006384Zhang H, Guo F, Tang M, Dai H, Sheng J, Chen L, Liu S, Wang J, Shi Y, Ye C, Hou G, Wu X, Jin X, Chen K. Association between Skeletal Muscle Strength and Dysphagia among Chinese Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(6):642-649. doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1379-3.
PubMed 32510118
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Oct 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of IOPI on Swallowing Function and Functional Status in Geriatric Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05074784
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2021/00223
- Conditions
- Dysphagia
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 84 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Khoo Teck Puat HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Healthcare Group, Singapore
- Study start
- 1 Oct 2021 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- 1 Oct 2022 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 1 Nov 2022 (estimated)
- First posted
- 12 Oct 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This project is an exploratory study that aims to investigate the effects of IOPI therapy on the swallowing function and tongue strength of geriatric patients in a geriatric ward in an acute hospital. Its secondary aim is to investigate the correlation between IOPI readings and functional status. The result of this study could help to improve current practice of dysphagia intervention in the geriatric population. If results are significant, there will be research evidence to put forth a change to work processes for speech therapists. IOPI will be more widely used in the clinical context and will then result in better functional outcomes.
Detailed description
In recent years, there have been increasing evidence that tongue strengthening exercises have the ability to improve tongue muscle strength and tongue muscle thickness in the geriatric population. These improvements have a direct impact on the oral phase of swallow, specifically resulting in better orolingual manipulation and propulsion, and increasing intra-oral pressure for better bolus clearance. Reduction in tongue strength and other swallowing parameters can lead to swallowing disorder known as dysphagia. In the healthy ageing population, weakness in swallowing muscles is termed presbyphagia. Geriatric patients have an even higher chance of transitioning from presbyphagia to dysphagia when they become acutely unwell. Studies have also shown that deterioration of the whole-body muscle strength is associated with poorer oral function. Additionally, other studies have also shown that a lower isometric tongue strength might represent diminished functional reserves, which may increase the risk of dysphagia once an insult to the body occurs. There is also evidence that people who have episodes of aspiration have significantly weaker tongue strength at both the anterior and posterior regions. Thus, frail geriatric adults who have weaker skeletal muscles are at a higher risk of developing dysphagia. The tongue is amendable to therapy but current practices in Singapore lack an objective measure. Conventional dysphagia oromotor exercises employ the use of a tongue depressor. This method lacks a quantifiable measure to track outcome and is quite subjective to individual therapists. There is also a lack of practice guideline on recommended resistive load and frequency of exercise in the geriatric population in the acute setting. Other than outcome measures and practice guidelines, there is also a lack of research investigating the correlation of tongue strength and functional status. A few studies have explored the effects of different resistive load used in tongue strengthening exercises, although it was recommended to use a resistive load between 60% to 80% for more positive and extrinsic feedback, and for target population with a lower frustration threshold. Studies also used a longer timeframe of 3-4 weeks of rehabilitation to attain significant effects from skeletal muscle exercise. This, however, is not realistic in the acute geriatric setting in Singapore where the mean length of stay is 10 days. Thus, this study is an exploratory study to investigate the efficacy of using IOPI in this population to improve swallowing function and tongue strength. This study also aims to investigate if a correlation exists between IOPI reading and functional status.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Patients will be randomized into control group or intervention group.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control Group | Active comparator | Device: Tongue Depressor Traditional InterventionTongue depressor exercise protocol for tongue strengthening for control group. Using the tongue depressor, participants will be prompted to stick their tongue out as much as they can and to push hard against the tongue depressor for 10 seconds. They will be required to repeat this action 10 times, constituting one set. They will be asked to perform 3 sets, with 30 secs of rest between each set. Arrange for 5 sessions for a week; sessions can take place on consecutive days. |
| Intervention Group | Experimental | Device: IOPI TherapyIOPI exercise protocol for tongue strengthening for intervention group. Using the IOPI, participants will perform 24 sets of 5 repetition at anterior position, allowing for 30 secs rest in between sets. Arrange for 5 sessions for a week; sessions can take place on consecutive days. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 78 to 99 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- aged 78-99 years old
- CFS rating of 4-7
- able to sit out of bed
- able to follow at least 2-step directions (even for patients with cognitive condition e.g. dementia )
- diagnosed with dysphagia by the ward speech therapist and assessed to be suitable for therapy
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- acute neurological conditions such as traumatic brain injury or stroke
- history of head and neck cancer, surgery or radiotherapy to head and neck region and 3) patients on long term tube feeding
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| IOPI TherapyObtain IOPI reading at start of session, record the best of 3 readings as baseline strength. Calculate exercise resistance for session at 60% of baseline strength. Using the IOPI, participants will perform 24 sets of 5 repetition at anterior position, allowing for 30 secs rest in between sets. | Device | Intervention Group |
| Tongue Depressor Traditional InterventionUsing the tongue depressor, participants will be prompted to stick their tongue out as much as they can and to push hard against the tongue depressor for 10 seconds. They will be required to repeat this action 10 times, constituting one set. They will be asked to perform 3 sets, with 30 secs of rest between each set | Device | Control Group |
Primary outcome
Percentage of increase in tongue strength
Time frame: 5 intervention days
The IOPI device will be used to measure tongue strength at the anterior position on the last day of intervention. This will be compared to the baseline tongue strength collected on the first day of intervention.
Improvement in score on Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS)
Time frame: 5 intervention days
The speech therapist will rate the participant's FOIS score at the start and end of intervention according to the type of diet that the participant is prescribed.
6 secondary outcomes
Improvement in AusTOMs Swallowing Scale Rating
Time frame: 5 intervention days
Improvement in Modified Barthel Index (MBI) Score
Time frame: 5 intervention days
Improvement in hand grip strength (HGS)
Time frame: 5 intervention days
Improvement in timed sit-to-stand duration
Time frame: 5 intervention days
Improvement in the score of the SARC-F questionnaire
Time frame: 5 intervention days
Improvement in overall functional status.
Time frame: 5 intervention days
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Oct 2021.
- Background: PubMed 24854105Adams V, Mathisen B, Baines S, Lazarus C, Callister R. Reliability of measurements of tongue and hand strength and endurance using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument with elderly adults. Disabil Rehabil. 2015;37(5):389-95. doi: 10.3109/09638288.2014.921245. Epub 2014 May 22.
- BackgroundAoki, Y., Kabuto, S., Ozeki, Y., Tanaka, T., amp; Ota, K. (2015). The effect of tongue pressure strengthening exercise for dysphagic patients. Japanese Journal of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Science, 6, 129-136.
- Background: PubMed 21300744Butler SG, Stuart A, Leng X, Wilhelm E, Rees C, Williamson J, Kritchevsky SB. The relationship of aspiration status with tongue and handgrip strength in healthy older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2011 Apr;66(4):452-8. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glq234. Epub 2011 Feb 7.
- BackgroundKim, S., Kim, M., Lee, S., Choi, B., amp; Heo, Y. (2019). The Effects of Orofacial Myofunctional Training on the Changes of Lip and Tongue Strength in Elderly People. Journal of Dental Hygiene Science, 19(4), 279-287. doi:https://doi.org/10.17135/jdhs.2019.19.4.279
- Background: PubMed 31158906Namasivayam-MacDonald AM, Riquelme LF. Presbyphagia to Dysphagia: Multiple Perspectives and Strategies for Quality Care of Older Adults. Semin Speech Lang. 2019 Jun;40(3):227-242. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1688837. Epub 2019 Jun 3.
- Background: PubMed 31577721Park JS, Lee SH, Jung SH, Choi JB, Jung YJ. Tongue strengthening exercise is effective in improving the oropharyngeal muscles associated with swallowing in community-dwelling older adults in South Korea: A randomized trial. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Oct;98(40):e17304. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017304.
- Background: PubMed 30197226Sagawa K, Furuya H, Ohara Y, Yoshida M, Hirano H, Iijima K, Kikutani T. Tongue function is important for masticatory performance in the healthy elderly: a cross-sectional survey of community-dwelling elderly. J Prosthodont Res. 2019 Jan;63(1):31-34. doi: 10.1016/j.jpor.2018.03.006. Epub 2018 Sep 7.
- Background: PubMed 29052051Van den Steen L, Schellen C, Verstraelen K, Beeckman AS, Vanderwegen J, De Bodt M, Van Nuffelen G. Tongue-Strengthening Exercises in Healthy Older Adults: Specificity of Bulb Position and Detraining Effects. Dysphagia. 2018 Jun;33(3):337-344. doi: 10.1007/s00455-017-9858-3. Epub 2017 Oct 19.
- Background: PubMed 30209561Van den Steen L, Vanderwegen J, Guns C, Elen R, De Bodt M, Van Nuffelen G. Tongue-Strengthening Exercises in Healthy Older Adults: Does Exercise Load Matter? A Randomized Controlled Trial. Dysphagia. 2019 Jun;34(3):315-324. doi: 10.1007/s00455-018-9940-5. Epub 2018 Sep 12.
- Background: PubMed 32023617Van den Steen L, De Bodt M, Guns C, Elen R, Vanderwegen J, Van Nuffelen G. Tongue-Strengthening Exercises in Healthy Older Adults: Effect of Exercise Frequency - A Randomized Trial. Folia Phoniatr Logop. 2021;73(2):109-116. doi: 10.1159/000505153. Epub 2020 Feb 5.
- Background: PubMed 32006384Yoshimi K, Nakagawa K, Hara K, Yamaguchi K, Nakane A, Kubota K, Furuya J, Tohara H. Relationship between tongue pressure and back muscle strength in healthy elderly individuals. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2020 Dec;32(12):2549-2555. doi: 10.1007/s40520-020-01484-5. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
- Background: PubMed 32510118Zhang H, Guo F, Tang M, Dai H, Sheng J, Chen L, Liu S, Wang J, Shi Y, Ye C, Hou G, Wu X, Jin X, Chen K. Association between Skeletal Muscle Strength and Dysphagia among Chinese Community-Dwelling Elderly Adults. J Nutr Health Aging. 2020;24(6):642-649. doi: 10.1007/s12603-020-1379-3.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing IOPI Therapy and Tongue Depressor Traditional Intervention in people with Dysphagia, run by Khoo Teck Puat Hospital.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Oct 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Percentage of increase in tongue strength (time frame: 5 intervention days). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05074784, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Oct 2021.