Violence by TeachersICC-T_HAITINCT05081622
Preventing Violence by Teachers in Primary Schools in Haiti
A study testing Interaction Competencies with Children - for Teachers (ICC-T) in people with Violence by Teachers, run by Bielefeld University at 1 site in Haiti.
Trial summary
Violence has severe and long-lasting negative consequences for children's and adolescents' well-being and academic functioning, which can hinder communities' and societies' economic growth. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 7 to 70 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Violence by Teachers
- What is being tested?
- Interaction Competencies with Children - for Teachers (ICC-T)
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 1,064 participants
- Where
- 1 siteHaiti
- Study dates
- 15 Nov 2021to 30 Sep 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 7 to 70 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Written informed consent (if underaged by parents \& minors themselves)
- Students: Enrollment in class 4 of primary school
- Teachers: All teachers employed at the school
- Schools:
- Public or community schools
- Mixed-gender schools
- Day schools
- At least 40 students in selected class/stream
Who cannot join
- Students and teachers:
- Acute drug or alcohol intoxication
- Acute psychotic disorder
- Schools:
- Previous training on violence prevention
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Preventing Violence by Teachers in Primary Schools in Haiti: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Interaction Competencies With Children - for Teachers (ICC-T)
Violence has severe and long-lasting negative consequences for children's and adolescents' well-being and academic functioning, which can hinder communities' and societies' economic growth. According to the Human Development Index, Haiti is one of the least developed countries in the world and the least developed in the Western hemisphere. Although Haiti has officially signed international and national laws aiming to protect children, preliminary reports suggest high rates of violence against children at schools. In addition to a lack of adequate training and supervision of teachers and an underdeveloped education system, attitudes favoring violence against children as an effective and acceptable discipline method and the lack of access to alternative non-violent strategies are likely to contribute to teachers' ongoing use of violence against children.
Notwithstanding, no school-level interventions addressing these factors to reduce violence by teachers have been scientifically evaluated in Haiti so far.
Thus, the present study tests the effectiveness of the preventative intervention Interaction Competencies with Children - for Teachers (ICC-T) in primary schools in Haiti. Previous studies have provided initial evidence on the feasibility and effectiveness of ICC-T to reduce teacher violence in primary and secondary schools in Tanzania and secondary schools in Uganda. This study aims to provide first evidence for the effectiveness of ICC-T to reduce violence and to improve children's functioning (i.e. mental health, well-being, academic performance) in a cultural setting outside of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Read the detailed description
The study is designed as a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial with schools (clusters) as level of randomization. The study will be conducted in the Northern department of Haiti. Six schools in each of the 6 included communes will be randomly selected, resulting in a total number of 36 schools.
In each commune, three schools will be randomly allocated to the intervention group (that will receive the ICC-T intervention) and three schools to the control group (that will receive no intervention). At each school, 28 students (stratified by gender) in the 4th grade of primary School (between 9 and 11 years of age) and all teachers (at least 13) will be recruited. Thus, the final sample will comprise at least 1008 students and at least 468 teachers.
The study will have two data assessment points: baseline assessment prior to the intervention and follow-up assessment six to 12 months after the intervention. In addition, feasibility data will be assessed in the intervention group at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Primary outcome measures are student- and teacher-reported physical and emotional violence by teachers in the past week. Secondary outcome measures include teachers' attitudes towards violence against students, children's emotional and behavioral problems, quality of life, and cognitive functioning.
- Conditions
- Violence by Teachers
- Being tested
- Interaction Competencies with Children - for Teachers (ICC-T)
- Keywords
- school violence, teacher violence, teachers, intervention, students, primary schools
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Interaction Competencies with Children - for Teachers (ICC-T)Behavioural
Core training components include teacher-student interaction, maltreatment prevention, effective discipline strategies, identifying and supporting burdened students and implementation of the training materials into the school setting.
A one-day ICC-T refresher workshop aiming to refresh and re-emphasize the key aspects of the intervention is implemented about 6 to 12 months after the initial intervention.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| ICC-T | Experimental | 5 days with 9 hours of training for teachers. Core training components include teacher-student interaction, maltreatment prevention, effective discipline strategies, identifying and supporting burdened students and implementation of the training materials into the school setting Receives: Behavioral: Interaction Competencies with Children - for Teachers (ICC-T) |
| Monitoring condition | No intervention | No intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change of students' exposure to emotional and physical violence by teachers
The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) will be used to assess students' self-reported experiences of emotional and physical violence by teachers at school in the past week. Higher scores indicate higher levels of violence that is used by teachers. We hypothesize a stronger reduction of exposure to violence in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Measured: The CTS will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)
Change of teachers' use of emotional and physical violence
The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) will be used to assess teachers' use of emotional and physical violent discipline measures against students in the past week. Higher scores indicate higher levels of violence that is used by teachers. We hypothesize a stronger reduction of the use of violence in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Measured: The CTS will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)
Secondary outcomes (4)
Change of teachers' positive attitudes towards emotional and physical violence
Teacher's attitudes towards emotional and physical violence will be assessed with an adapted version of the Conflict Tactic Scale (CTS). Higher scores indicate higher levels of positive attitudes towards violence. We hypothesize a stronger decrease of positive attitudes towards violence in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Measured: The adapted version of CTS will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)
Change of student's mental health
The Pediatric Symptom Checklist - Youth Report (PSC-Y) will assess students' emotional and behavioral problems.
Higher scores indicate higher levels of students' mental health problems. We hypothesize a stronger reduction of mental health problems in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Measured: The PSC-Y will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)
Change of students' quality of life
The KIDSCREEN-10 will assess students' quality of life. Higher scores indicate higher levels of students' quality of life.
We hypothesize a stronger increase of quality of life in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Measured: The KIDSCREEN-10 will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)
Change of students' cognitive functioning
Four tasks from the tablet application Psych Lab 101 will be used to assess children's cognitive abilities including selective attention, working memory, interference control and impulsivity. Higher scores indicate higher levels of students' cognitive abilities. We hypothesize higher levels of cognitive functioning in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Measured: The app-based tasks will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted18 Oct 2021
- Study start15 Nov 2021
- Primary completion30 Sep 2024
- Study completion30 Sep 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Violence by TeachersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 1,064 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Bielefeld University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Konstanz, P4H Global
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Tobias Hecker, PhD, Bielefeld University
- Investigators
- Anke Hoeffler, Prof. Dr., Principal investigator, University of Konstanz
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05081622
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ICC-T_CRCT_Haiti
- Acronym
- ICC-T_HAITI
- Status last verified
- Aug 2024
- First submitted
- 5 Oct 2021
- Last updated
- 6 Feb 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 Feb 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Preventing Violence by Teachers in Primary Schools in Haiti: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of Interaction Competencies With Children - for Teachers (ICC-T)
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05081622
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ICC-T_HAITI / ICC-T_CRCT_Haiti
- Conditions
- Violence by Teachers
- Keywords
- school violence, teacher violence, teachers, intervention, students, primary schools
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 1,064 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Bielefeld UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- University of Konstanz, P4H Global
- Study start
- 15 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 18 Oct 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Violence has severe and long-lasting negative consequences for children's and adolescents' well-being and academic functioning, which can hinder communities' and societies' economic growth. According to the Human Development Index, Haiti is one of the least developed countries in the world and the least developed in the Western hemisphere. Although Haiti has officially signed international and national laws aiming to protect children, preliminary reports suggest high rates of violence against children at schools. In addition to a lack of adequate training and supervision of teachers and an underdeveloped education system, attitudes favoring violence against children as an effective and acceptable discipline method and the lack of access to alternative non-violent strategies are likely to contribute to teachers' ongoing use of violence against children.
Notwithstanding, no school-level interventions addressing these factors to reduce violence by teachers have been scientifically evaluated in Haiti so far.
Thus, the present study tests the effectiveness of the preventative intervention Interaction Competencies with Children - for Teachers (ICC-T) in primary schools in Haiti. Previous studies have provided initial evidence on the feasibility and effectiveness of ICC-T to reduce teacher violence in primary and secondary schools in Tanzania and secondary schools in Uganda. This study aims to provide first evidence for the effectiveness of ICC-T to reduce violence and to improve children's functioning (i.e. mental health, well-being, academic performance) in a cultural setting outside of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Detailed description
The study is designed as a two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial with schools (clusters) as level of randomization. The study will be conducted in the Northern department of Haiti. Six schools in each of the 6 included communes will be randomly selected, resulting in a total number of 36 schools.
In each commune, three schools will be randomly allocated to the intervention group (that will receive the ICC-T intervention) and three schools to the control group (that will receive no intervention). At each school, 28 students (stratified by gender) in the 4th grade of primary School (between 9 and 11 years of age) and all teachers (at least 13) will be recruited. Thus, the final sample will comprise at least 1008 students and at least 468 teachers.
The study will have two data assessment points: baseline assessment prior to the intervention and follow-up assessment six to 12 months after the intervention. In addition, feasibility data will be assessed in the intervention group at the beginning and the end of the intervention. Primary outcome measures are student- and teacher-reported physical and emotional violence by teachers in the past week. Secondary outcome measures include teachers' attitudes towards violence against students, children's emotional and behavioral problems, quality of life, and cognitive functioning.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| ICC-T | Experimental | Behavioral: Interaction Competencies with Children - for Teachers (ICC-T)5 days with 9 hours of training for teachers. Core training components include teacher-student interaction, maltreatment prevention, effective discipline strategies, identifying and supporting burdened students and implementation of the training materials into the school setting |
| Monitoring condition | No intervention | –No intervention |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 7 to 70 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Written informed consent (if underaged by parents \& minors themselves)
- Students: Enrollment in class 4 of primary school
- Teachers: All teachers employed at the school
- Public or community schools
- Mixed-gender schools
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Acute drug or alcohol intoxication
- Acute psychotic disorder
- Previous training on violence prevention
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Interaction Competencies with Children - for Teachers (ICC-T)Core training components include teacher-student interaction, maltreatment prevention, effective discipline strategies, identifying and supporting burdened students and implementation of the training materials into the school setting. A one-day ICC-T refresher workshop aiming to refresh and re-emphasize the key aspects of the intervention is implemented about 6 to 12 months after the initial intervention. | Behavioural | ICC-T |
Primary outcome
Change of students' exposure to emotional and physical violence by teachers
Time frame: The CTS will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)
The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) will be used to assess students' self-reported experiences of emotional and physical violence by teachers at school in the past week. Higher scores indicate higher levels of violence that is used by teachers. We hypothesize a stronger reduction of exposure to violence in the intervention group compared to the control group.
Change of teachers' use of emotional and physical violence
Time frame: The CTS will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)
The Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS) will be used to assess teachers' use of emotional and physical violent discipline measures against students in the past week. Higher scores indicate higher levels of violence that is used by teachers. We hypothesize a stronger reduction of the use of violence in the intervention group compared to the control group.
4 secondary outcomes
Change of teachers' positive attitudes towards emotional and physical violence
Time frame: The adapted version of CTS will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)
Change of student's mental health
Time frame: The PSC-Y will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)
Change of students' quality of life
Time frame: The KIDSCREEN-10 will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)
Change of students' cognitive functioning
Time frame: The app-based tasks will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 Feb 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Violence by Teachers
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School-based Prevention of Teacher Violence Against Children in Zambia
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Preventing Physical and Emotional Violence by Teachers in Public Schools in Pakistan
Violence
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Anke Hoeffler, Prof. Dr. principal investigator
University of Konstanz
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Interaction Competencies with Children - for Teachers (ICC-T) in people with Violence by Teachers, run by Bielefeld University at 1 site in Haiti.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 8 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 Feb 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Haiti. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change of students' exposure to emotional and physical violence by teachers (time frame: The CTS will be used at T1 (baseline, prior to intervention) and T2 (follow-up, 6-12 months after intervention)). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 Feb 2025.