Testosterone DeficiencyPhase 2NCT05096169
Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Serum Testosterone Concentrations After Administration of Clomiphene Citrate
A Phase 2 study testing Clomiphene Citrate 25mg and Clomiphene Citrate 50mg in people with Testosterone Deficiency, run by Weill Medical College of Cornell University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
This is a randomized, open-label trial examining two doses of clomiphene citrate in men with low serum testosterone concentrations (total testosterone (TT) < 300 ng/dl). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 21 to 45 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Testosterone Deficiency
- What is being tested?
- Clomiphene Citrate 25mg and Clomiphene Citrate 50mg
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 0 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 1 May 2022to Jan 2025
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 21 to 45 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Male, 21-45 years of age
- Serum testosterone concentration < 300 ng/dl measured on two separate occasions (separated by at least one week), with collection prior to 10AM
Who cannot join
- Serum testosterone concentration > 300 ng/dl
- Abnormal serum prolactin (PRL) concentration (PRL > 15.2 ng/ml)
- Concurrent or prior use of hormone-modifying medications (clomiphene citrate or other SERM, testosterone replacement therapy or other testosterone-containing products/treatments, gonadotropin therapy, aromatase inhibitors, estrogen-containing products/treatments)
- Documented karyotype abnormality
- Diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome
- Any prior chemotherapy, radiation therapy to the groin/pelvis, or known exposure to gonadotoxic agents
Show all 17Show fewer
- History of cryptorchidism or prior orchiopexy
- History of testicular cancer or prior orchiectomy
- History of pituitary tumor or resection of pituitary tumor
- History of prostate cancer or severe benign prostatic hypertrophy
- History of epididymitis or epididymo-orchitis, or orchitis (including mumps)
- History of primary hypogonadism
- History of prior urinary tract infection
- History of intravenous drug use
- Any of the following comorbidities: renal insufficiency, heart disease, peptic ulcer disease, cerebrovascular disease, liver disease, psychiatric disorders, chronic pain, bleeding diatheses, anemia, polycythemia, vision problems
- Medical history or concurrent illness that the investigator considers sufficiently serious to interfere with the conduct, completion, or results of this trial, or constitutes an unacceptable risk to the subject
- Documented allergy or hypersensitivity to clomiphene citrate or other SERM
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
This is a randomized, open-label trial examining two doses of clomiphene citrate in men with low serum testosterone concentrations (total testosterone (TT) < 300 ng/dl).
Read the detailed description
This is a randomized, open-label trial examining two doses of clomiphene citrate in men with low serum testosterone concentrations (total testosterone (TT) < 300 ng/dl). The investigators will perform a pharmacokinetic analysis of serum hormone concentrations (TT, LH, FSH, estradiol) after medication administration. Researchers hypothesize that testosterone levels will increase in both groups and this may allow to dose clomiphene citrate so that patients do not need to take the medication daily.
- Conditions
- Testosterone Deficiency
- Being tested
- Clomiphene Citrate 25mg, Clomiphene Citrate 50mg
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Clomiphene Citrate 25mgDrug
clomiphene citrate at a dose of 25mg daily
Clomiphene Citrate 50mgDrug
clomiphene citrate at a dose of 50mg every other day
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Clomiphene citrate 25 mg daily for 12 weeks | Experimental | Not described Receives: Drug: Clomiphene Citrate 25mg |
| Clomiphene citrate 50 mg every other day for 12 weeks | Experimental | Not described Receives: Drug: Clomiphene Citrate 50mg |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in serum testosterone
Change in serum testosterone
Measured: Evaluation will occur at baseline, day 2, day 4, weeks 1 - 4, and again at weeks 8, 12, and 16.
Secondary outcomes (3)
Change in FSH levels
Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Measured: Evaluation will occur at baseline, day 2, day 4, weeks 1 - 4, and again at weeks 8, 12, and 16.
Change in LH levels
Serum levels of luteinizing hormone (LH)
Measured: Evaluation will occur at baseline, day 2, day 4, weeks 1 - 4, and again at weeks 8, 12, and 16.
Change in estradiol levels
Serum levels of estradiol levels
Measured: Evaluation will occur at baseline, day 2, day 4, weeks 1 - 4, and again at weeks 8, 12, and 16.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted27 Oct 2021
- Study start1 May 2022 (estimated)
- Primary completionJan 2025 (estimated)
- Study completionJan 2025 (estimated)
Why it stopped: Difficulty in recruiting
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (22)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Testosterone DeficiencyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Individuals will be divided into two groups. Group 1 will receive clomiphene citrate at a dose of 25mg daily and will take one-half of a 50mg tablet daily. Group 2 will receive clomiphene citrate at a dose of 50mg every other day and will take one 50mg tablet every other day.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jonathan Gal, MD, Principal investigator, Weill Medical College of Cornell University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05096169
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 20-10022773
- Status last verified
- Oct 2024
- First submitted
- 18 Oct 2021
- Last updated
- 4 Nov 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Mulligan T, Frick MF, Zuraw QC, Stemhagen A, McWhirter C. Prevalence of hypogonadism in males aged at least 45 years: the HIM study. Int J Clin Pract. 2006 Jul;60(7):762-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00992.x.
PubMed 16846397Mulhall JP, Trost LW, Brannigan RE, Kurtz EG, Redmon JB, Chiles KA, Lightner DJ, Miner MM, Murad MH, Nelson CJ, Platz EA, Ramanathan LV, Lewis RW. Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline. J Urol. 2018 Aug;200(2):423-432. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.03.115. Epub 2018 Mar 28.
PubMed 29601923Wheeler KM, Sharma D, Kavoussi PK, Smith RP, Costabile R. Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Hypogonadism. Sex Med Rev. 2019 Apr;7(2):272-276. doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.10.001. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
PubMed 30522888Mazzola CR, Katz DJ, Loghmanieh N, Nelson CJ, Mulhall JP. Predicting biochemical response to clomiphene citrate in men with hypogonadism. J Sex Med. 2014 Sep;11(9):2302-7. doi: 10.1111/jsm.12592. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
PubMed 24902614Moskovic DJ, Katz DJ, Akhavan A, Park K, Mulhall JP. Clomiphene citrate is safe and effective for long-term management of hypogonadism. BJU Int. 2012 Nov;110(10):1524-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10968.x. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
PubMed 22458540Katz DJ, Nabulsi O, Tal R, Mulhall JP. Outcomes of clomiphene citrate treatment in young hypogonadal men. BJU Int. 2012 Aug;110(4):573-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10702.x. Epub 2011 Nov 1.
PubMed 22044663Tenover JS, Bremner WJ. The effects of normal aging on the response of the pituitary-gonadal axis to chronic clomiphene administration in men. J Androl. 1991 Jul-Aug;12(4):258-63.
PubMed 1917692Bendre SV, Murray PJ, Basaria S. Clomiphene Citrate Effectively Increases Testosterone in Obese, Young, Hypogonadal Men. Reprod Syst Sex Disord. 2015 Dec;4(4):155. doi: 10.4172/2161-038X.1000155. Epub 2015 Nov 13.
PubMed 26844009Habous M, Giona S, Tealab A, Aziz M, Williamson B, Nassar M, Abdelrahman Z, Remeah A, Abdelkader M, Binsaleh S, Muir G. Clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin are both effective in restoring testosterone in hypogonadism: a short-course randomized study. BJU Int. 2018 Nov;122(5):889-897. doi: 10.1111/bju.14401. Epub 2018 Jun 14.
PubMed 29772111Ramasamy R, Scovell JM, Kovac JR, Lipshultz LI. Testosterone supplementation versus clomiphene citrate for hypogonadism: an age matched comparison of satisfaction and efficacy. J Urol. 2014 Sep;192(3):875-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.03.089. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
PubMed 24657837Krzastek SC, Sharma D, Abdullah N, Sultan M, Machen GL, Wenzel JL, Ells A, Chen X, Kavoussi M, Costabile RA, Smith RP, Kavoussi PK. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Hypogonadism. J Urol. 2019 Nov;202(5):1029-1035. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000396. Epub 2019 Oct 9.
PubMed 31216250Knight JC, Pandit AS, Rich AM, Trevisani GT, Rabinowitz T. Clomiphene-Associated Suicide Behavior in a Man Treated for Hypogonadism: Case Report and Review of The Literature. Psychosomatics. 2015 Sep-Oct;56(5):598-602. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2015.06.003. Epub 2015 Jun 12. No abstract available.
PubMed 26362915Pasqualotto FF, Fonseca GP, Pasqualotto EB. Azoospermia after treatment with clomiphene citrate in patients with oligospermia. Fertil Steril. 2008 Nov;90(5):2014.e11-2. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.03.036. Epub 2008 Jun 16.
PubMed 18555230Ernst S, Hite G, Cantrell JS, Richardson A Jr, Benson HD. Stereochemistry of geometric isomers of clomiphene: a correction of the literature and a reexamination of structure-activity relationships. J Pharm Sci. 1976 Jan;65(1):148-50. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600650140. No abstract available.
PubMed 1255423Murdter TE, Kerb R, Turpeinen M, Schroth W, Ganchev B, Bohmer GM, Igel S, Schaeffeler E, Zanger U, Brauch H, Schwab M. Genetic polymorphism of cytochrome P450 2D6 determines oestrogen receptor activity of the major infertility drug clomiphene via its active metabolites. Hum Mol Genet. 2012 Mar 1;21(5):1145-54. doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddr543. Epub 2011 Nov 22.
PubMed 22108178
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Nov 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Serum Testosterone Concentrations After Administration of Clomiphene Citrate
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05096169
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 20-10022773
- Conditions
- Testosterone Deficiency
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- WithdrawnReason stopped: Difficulty in recruiting
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Weill Medical College of Cornell UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 May 2022 (estimated)
- Primary completion
- Jan 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jan 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 27 Oct 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This is a randomized, open-label trial examining two doses of clomiphene citrate in men with low serum testosterone concentrations (total testosterone (TT) < 300 ng/dl).
Detailed description
This is a randomized, open-label trial examining two doses of clomiphene citrate in men with low serum testosterone concentrations (total testosterone (TT) < 300 ng/dl). The investigators will perform a pharmacokinetic analysis of serum hormone concentrations (TT, LH, FSH, estradiol) after medication administration. Researchers hypothesize that testosterone levels will increase in both groups and this may allow to dose clomiphene citrate so that patients do not need to take the medication daily.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Individuals will be divided into two groups. Group 1 will receive clomiphene citrate at a dose of 25mg daily and will take one-half of a 50mg tablet daily. Group 2 will receive clomiphene citrate at a dose of 50mg every other day and will take one 50mg tablet every other day.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Clomiphene citrate 25 mg daily for 12 weeks | Experimental | Drug: Clomiphene Citrate 25mg |
| Clomiphene citrate 50 mg every other day for 12 weeks | Experimental | Drug: Clomiphene Citrate 50mg |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 21 to 45 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Male, 21-45 years of age
- Serum testosterone concentration < 300 ng/dl measured on two separate occasions (separated by at least one week), with collection prior to 10AM
Key exclusion criteria (17 listed)
- Serum testosterone concentration > 300 ng/dl
- Abnormal serum prolactin (PRL) concentration (PRL > 15.2 ng/ml)
- Concurrent or prior use of hormone-modifying medications (clomiphene citrate or other SERM, testosterone replacement therapy or other testosterone-containing products/treatments, gonadotropin therapy, aromatase inhibitors, estrogen-containing products/treatments)
- Documented karyotype abnormality
- Diagnosis of Kallmann syndrome
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Clomiphene Citrate 25mgclomiphene citrate at a dose of 25mg daily | Drug | Clomiphene citrate 25 mg daily for 12 weeks |
| Clomiphene Citrate 50mgclomiphene citrate at a dose of 50mg every other day | Drug | Clomiphene citrate 50 mg every other day for 12 weeks |
Primary outcome
Change in serum testosterone
Time frame: Evaluation will occur at baseline, day 2, day 4, weeks 1 - 4, and again at weeks 8, 12, and 16.
Change in serum testosterone
3 secondary outcomes
Change in FSH levels
Time frame: Evaluation will occur at baseline, day 2, day 4, weeks 1 - 4, and again at weeks 8, 12, and 16.
Change in LH levels
Time frame: Evaluation will occur at baseline, day 2, day 4, weeks 1 - 4, and again at weeks 8, 12, and 16.
Change in estradiol levels
Time frame: Evaluation will occur at baseline, day 2, day 4, weeks 1 - 4, and again at weeks 8, 12, and 16.
Results and safety
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Nov 2024.
- Background: PubMed 16846397Mulligan T, Frick MF, Zuraw QC, Stemhagen A, McWhirter C. Prevalence of hypogonadism in males aged at least 45 years: the HIM study. Int J Clin Pract. 2006 Jul;60(7):762-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00992.x.
- Background: PubMed 29601923Mulhall JP, Trost LW, Brannigan RE, Kurtz EG, Redmon JB, Chiles KA, Lightner DJ, Miner MM, Murad MH, Nelson CJ, Platz EA, Ramanathan LV, Lewis RW. Evaluation and Management of Testosterone Deficiency: AUA Guideline. J Urol. 2018 Aug;200(2):423-432. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2018.03.115. Epub 2018 Mar 28.
- Background: PubMed 30522888Wheeler KM, Sharma D, Kavoussi PK, Smith RP, Costabile R. Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Hypogonadism. Sex Med Rev. 2019 Apr;7(2):272-276. doi: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.10.001. Epub 2018 Dec 3.
- Background: PubMed 24902614Mazzola CR, Katz DJ, Loghmanieh N, Nelson CJ, Mulhall JP. Predicting biochemical response to clomiphene citrate in men with hypogonadism. J Sex Med. 2014 Sep;11(9):2302-7. doi: 10.1111/jsm.12592. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
- Background: PubMed 22458540Moskovic DJ, Katz DJ, Akhavan A, Park K, Mulhall JP. Clomiphene citrate is safe and effective for long-term management of hypogonadism. BJU Int. 2012 Nov;110(10):1524-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2012.10968.x. Epub 2012 Mar 28.
- Background: PubMed 22044663Katz DJ, Nabulsi O, Tal R, Mulhall JP. Outcomes of clomiphene citrate treatment in young hypogonadal men. BJU Int. 2012 Aug;110(4):573-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2011.10702.x. Epub 2011 Nov 1.
- Background: PubMed 1917692Tenover JS, Bremner WJ. The effects of normal aging on the response of the pituitary-gonadal axis to chronic clomiphene administration in men. J Androl. 1991 Jul-Aug;12(4):258-63.
- Background: PubMed 26844009Bendre SV, Murray PJ, Basaria S. Clomiphene Citrate Effectively Increases Testosterone in Obese, Young, Hypogonadal Men. Reprod Syst Sex Disord. 2015 Dec;4(4):155. doi: 10.4172/2161-038X.1000155. Epub 2015 Nov 13.
- Background: PubMed 29772111Habous M, Giona S, Tealab A, Aziz M, Williamson B, Nassar M, Abdelrahman Z, Remeah A, Abdelkader M, Binsaleh S, Muir G. Clomiphene citrate and human chorionic gonadotropin are both effective in restoring testosterone in hypogonadism: a short-course randomized study. BJU Int. 2018 Nov;122(5):889-897. doi: 10.1111/bju.14401. Epub 2018 Jun 14.
- Background: PubMed 24657837Ramasamy R, Scovell JM, Kovac JR, Lipshultz LI. Testosterone supplementation versus clomiphene citrate for hypogonadism: an age matched comparison of satisfaction and efficacy. J Urol. 2014 Sep;192(3):875-9. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.03.089. Epub 2014 Mar 21.
- Background: PubMed 31216250Krzastek SC, Sharma D, Abdullah N, Sultan M, Machen GL, Wenzel JL, Ells A, Chen X, Kavoussi M, Costabile RA, Smith RP, Kavoussi PK. Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Clomiphene Citrate for the Treatment of Hypogonadism. J Urol. 2019 Nov;202(5):1029-1035. doi: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000396. Epub 2019 Oct 9.
- Background: PubMed 26362915Knight JC, Pandit AS, Rich AM, Trevisani GT, Rabinowitz T. Clomiphene-Associated Suicide Behavior in a Man Treated for Hypogonadism: Case Report and Review of The Literature. Psychosomatics. 2015 Sep-Oct;56(5):598-602. doi: 10.1016/j.psym.2015.06.003. Epub 2015 Jun 12. No abstract available.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jonathan Gal, MD principal investigator
Weill Medical College of Cornell University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Clomiphene Citrate 25mg and Clomiphene Citrate 50mg in people with Testosterone Deficiency, run by Weill Medical College of Cornell University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 17 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: withdrawn, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Nov 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in serum testosterone (time frame: Evaluation will occur at baseline, day 2, day 4, weeks 1 - 4, and again at weeks 8, 12, and 16.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05096169, which also lists 22 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Nov 2024.