StrokeNCT05120414
Effect of Ankle Strategy Exercises on Gait Parameters and Balance Confidence in Patients With Chronic Stroke
A study testing balanace exercises and Balance Exercises plus Ankle strategy in people with Stroke, run by Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Stroke is a disorder in which the areas of the brain that control the sensory and motor nerves are damaged due to poor blood supply to the brain. As a result of which oxygen and nutrients supply to the brain tissues is interrupted. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Stroke
- What is being tested?
- balanace exercises and Balance Exercises plus Ankle strategy
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 36 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 2 Nov 2021to 6 Dec 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 40 to 60 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Both male and female with Hemiplegic stroke (unilateral) Age between 40 and 60 years Chronic stroke patients were included (patients who had a stroke more than 3 months ago)
Who cannot join
- PCA Stroke patients with cortical blindness Patients who have had more than one stroke Patients with active medical complications Patients with concomitant gait disorders due to acute or subacute Musculoskeletal issues
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Pakistan1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Shifa tameer e millat university
Islamabad, Federal, 44000
Shafaq Altaf, Phd*, 03435020507, shafaq_dpt.ahs@stmu.edu.pk
Nouman Khan, Ms- OMPT, 03339378324, nouman_drs.ahs@stmu.edu.pk
About this study
Stroke is a disorder in which the areas of the brain that control the sensory and motor nerves are damaged due to poor blood supply to the brain. As a result of which oxygen and nutrients supply to the brain tissues is interrupted. This is either caused by infarction or a bleed in the blood arteries supplying the brain. A stroke occurs when the cerebral blood supply is disrupted, resulting in a localized neurological deficiency. At least 80% of strokes are ischemic, meaning they are caused by a blockage in blood flow, while 15-20% are caused by bleeding into the brain, known as intracerebral hemorrhage. The occurrence of the sudden neurological deficit caused by bleeding in the brain or ischemic damage gives rise to the disturbances in motion, senses, perception, language, and other such functions on the opposite side to the affected side of the brain. A randomized controlled trial was carried out on 36 chronic stroke patients. By using the sealed envelope method, the sample was divided into two groups, an experimental group and a control group. For a period of four weeks, the control group only received traditional balancing exercises including standing with feet together, standing with one foot directly in front of the other, standing eye open to eye closed, standing multidirectional functional reach and March in place and walk sideways. While the experimental group received ankle strategy exercises in addition to balance exercises which included raising and lowering heels and forefeet, heel to toe walking, stepping up and down and left right and diagonal inclination of the body during standing. Interventions were given three days weekly for four consecutive weeks. Pre and post-intervention assessment were done by using data collection tools which includes ABC Scale of balance confidence, TUG scale and 10meter walk test.
Read the detailed description
Stroke was defined in 1970 by the World Health Organization as "Rapidly acquired clinical symptoms of focal (or global) impairment of brain function 24-48 hours or resulting in death, with no evident cause other than a vascular origin." A stroke occurs when the cerebral Epidemiology, Incidence and Prevalence Epidemiologic research on stroke aids in the knowledge of the disease's natural history, the early diagnosis, and the prediction of prognosis, all of which can lead to indicators for disease mechanisms. Women and men have differences concerning stroke. As compared to men, women have an increased lifetime risk of stroke and they have a higher prcentage of disability, dementia and depression. Stroke is a non-communicable disease that is becoming more prevalent as the population ages. In many nations, it is the prime cause of mortality and disability. America has seen a decrease in stroke mortality in the last twenty years, but recent trends show that these decreases may have leveled off. In 2013, there were around 25.7 million stroke survivors, 6.5 million stroke fatalities, 113 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost due to stroke, and up to 10.3 million incidences of new stroke. Stroke has become the biggest cause of persistent impairment in the United States, as well as the second most leading cause of dementia and the fourth most common cause of mortality. The is high morbidity associated with stroke, with costs estimated at $34 billion annually for healthcare services, medications, and missed workdays. In the United States, about 800,000 primary (first-time) or secondary (recurrent) strokes happen annually, with primary strokes accounting for the majority (roughly 600,000). Although the proportional burden of hemorrhagic vs ischemic stroke varies among various populations, the majority of strokes (80% ) are ischemic . Stroke appears to have an even greater global impact than it does in the United States.
Hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, impaired language, eye muscle weakness, and visual field cuts are all symptoms of cerebral bleed and infarction, which cause sudden malfunctioning of neurologic tissue. In contrast, cerebral hemorrhage causes blood to flow into the brain. This causes squeezing of neighboring tissue and eventually increased intracranial pressure. As a result due to this increased pressure and meningeal irritation, the patient presents with severe headache, neck stiffness and vomiting and progressive deterioration due to continuous bleeding.
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Being tested
- balanace exercises, Balance Exercises plus Ankle strategy
- Keywords
- Ankle strategy, Balance exercises, Gait, stroke
- Medical subject headings
- Stroke
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
balanace exercisesOther
Balance exercises included standing with feet together (narrow base of support), Standing in Tandem position, Standing eye open to eye closed, multidirectional functional reach during standing, March in place and walk sideways. Time period was of 4 weeks (10 repetitions in each set, 3 sets per session, 1 session daily, 3 days weekly).
Balance Exercises plus Ankle strategyOther
ankle strategy exercises included raising and lowering heels and forefeet, heel to toe walking, stepping up and down and right and left and diagonal inclination of body during standing.While balance exercises included standing with feet together (narrow base of support), Standing in Tandem position, Standing eye open to eye closed, multidirectional functional reach during standing, March in place and walk sideways. Time period was of 4 weeks (10 repetitions in each set, 3 sets per session, 1 session daily, 3 days weekly).
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control | Active comparator | patients in control group did balance exercises for period of 4 weeks (10 repetitions in each set, 3 sets per session, 1 session daily, 3 days weekly.) The exercises included standing with feet together, Standing in Tandem position, Standing eye open to eye closed, multidirectional functional reach during standing, March in place and walk sideways. Receives: Other: balanace exercises |
| Experimental | Experimental | Experimental group received ankle strategy exercises in addition to balance exercises for a period of 4 weeks (10 repetitions in each set, 3 sets per session, 1 session daily, 3 days weekly). Ankle strategy exercises included raising and lowering heels and forefeet, heel to toe walking, stepping up and down and right and left and diagonal inclination of body during standing. Receives: Other: Balance Exercises plus Ankle strategy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
ABC scale
In this patient himself reported the level of confidence in doing certain activities by choosing one of the percentages on the scale from 0% to 100%
Measured: 4 weeks
TUG Test
The participant was requested to get out of a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, return to the chair, and sit on it. We had utilized it to measure dynamic balance in this study.
Measured: 4 weeks
10 meter walk test
This was used for Quantitative gait analysis. Different Temporal-spatial parameters were assessed including gait speed (in meter per second), cadence (with a stopwatch), step length and stride length (with marker method). In 10meter walk test patient is instructed to walk on a 14 meters straight pathway in which only the middle 10 meters are recorded
Measured: 4 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Nov 2021
- Study start2 Nov 2021
- Primary completion2 Dec 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion6 Dec 2021 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for StrokeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- The control and experimental groups were compared with each other.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Nouman Khan, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University
- Investigators
- Shafaq Altaf, Phd*, Principal investigator, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05120414
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Anam Raiz 168-21
- Status last verified
- Nov 2021
- First submitted
- 2 Nov 2021
- Last updated
- 15 Nov 2021
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Adams HP Jr, Adams RJ, Brott T, del Zoppo GJ, Furlan A, Goldstein LB, Grubb RL, Higashida R, Kidwell C, Kwiatkowski TG, Marler JR, Hademenos GJ; Stroke Council of the American Stroke Association. Guidelines for the early management of patients with ischemic stroke: A scientific statement from the Stroke Council of the American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2003 Apr;34(4):1056-83. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000064841.47697.22. No abstract available.
PubMed 12677087Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, Marsh EE 3rd. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993 Jan;24(1):35-41. doi: 10.1161/01.str.24.1.35.
PubMed 7678184Aidar FJ, de Oliveira RJ, de Matos DG, Mazini Filho ML, Moreira OC, de Oliveira CE, Hickner RC, Reis VM. A Randomized Trial Investigating the Influence of Strength Training on Quality of Life in Ischemic Stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2016 Apr;23(2):84-9. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2015.1110307. Epub 2016 Jan 29.
PubMed 27078115Arene N, Hidler J. Understanding motor impairment in the paretic lower limb after a stroke: a review of the literature. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2009 Sep-Oct;16(5):346-56. doi: 10.1310/tsr1605-346.
PubMed 19903653Bae YH, Ko Y, Ha H, Ahn SY, Lee W, Lee SM. An efficacy study on improving balance and gait in subacute stroke patients by balance training with additional motor imagery: a pilot study. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Oct;27(10):3245-8. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.3245. Epub 2015 Oct 30.
PubMed 26644684Batchelor FA, Mackintosh SF, Said CM, Hill KD. Falls after stroke. Int J Stroke. 2012 Aug;7(6):482-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00796.x. Epub 2012 Apr 12.
PubMed 22494388Boehme AK, Esenwa C, Elkind MS. Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention. Circ Res. 2017 Feb 3;120(3):472-495. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308398.
PubMed 28154098Bonnyaud C, Pradon D, Zory R, Bensmail D, Vuillerme N, Roche N. Gait parameters predicted by Timed Up and Go performance in stroke patients. NeuroRehabilitation. 2015;36(1):73-80. doi: 10.3233/NRE-141194.
PubMed 25547769Bryer A, Connor M, Haug P, Cheyip B, Staub H, Tipping B, Duim W, Pinkney-Atkinson V. South African guideline for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack 2010: a guideline from the South African Stroke Society (SASS) and the SASS Writing Committee. S Afr Med J. 2010 Nov 10;100(11 Pt 2):747-78. doi: 10.7196/samj.4422.
PubMed 21081029
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Nov 2021. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effect of Ankle Strategy Exercises on Gait Parameters and Balance Confidence in Patients With Chronic Stroke
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05120414
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Anam Raiz 168-21
- Conditions
- Stroke
- Keywords
- Ankle strategy, Balance exercises, Gait, stroke
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 36 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Shifa Tameer-e-Millat UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 2 Dec 2021 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 6 Dec 2021 (estimated)
- First posted
- 15 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Stroke is a disorder in which the areas of the brain that control the sensory and motor nerves are damaged due to poor blood supply to the brain. As a result of which oxygen and nutrients supply to the brain tissues is interrupted. This is either caused by infarction or a bleed in the blood arteries supplying the brain. A stroke occurs when the cerebral blood supply is disrupted, resulting in a localized neurological deficiency. At least 80% of strokes are ischemic, meaning they are caused by a blockage in blood flow, while 15-20% are caused by bleeding into the brain, known as intracerebral hemorrhage. The occurrence of the sudden neurological deficit caused by bleeding in the brain or ischemic damage gives rise to the disturbances in motion, senses, perception, language, and other such functions on the opposite side to the affected side of the brain. A randomized controlled trial was carried out on 36 chronic stroke patients. By using the sealed envelope method, the sample was divided into two groups, an experimental group and a control group. For a period of four weeks, the control group only received traditional balancing exercises including standing with feet together, standing with one foot directly in front of the other, standing eye open to eye closed, standing multidirectional functional reach and March in place and walk sideways. While the experimental group received ankle strategy exercises in addition to balance exercises which included raising and lowering heels and forefeet, heel to toe walking, stepping up and down and left right and diagonal inclination of the body during standing. Interventions were given three days weekly for four consecutive weeks. Pre and post-intervention assessment were done by using data collection tools which includes ABC Scale of balance confidence, TUG scale and 10meter walk test.
Detailed description
Stroke was defined in 1970 by the World Health Organization as "Rapidly acquired clinical symptoms of focal (or global) impairment of brain function 24-48 hours or resulting in death, with no evident cause other than a vascular origin." A stroke occurs when the cerebral Epidemiology, Incidence and Prevalence Epidemiologic research on stroke aids in the knowledge of the disease's natural history, the early diagnosis, and the prediction of prognosis, all of which can lead to indicators for disease mechanisms. Women and men have differences concerning stroke. As compared to men, women have an increased lifetime risk of stroke and they have a higher prcentage of disability, dementia and depression. Stroke is a non-communicable disease that is becoming more prevalent as the population ages. In many nations, it is the prime cause of mortality and disability. America has seen a decrease in stroke mortality in the last twenty years, but recent trends show that these decreases may have leveled off. In 2013, there were around 25.7 million stroke survivors, 6.5 million stroke fatalities, 113 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) lost due to stroke, and up to 10.3 million incidences of new stroke. Stroke has become the biggest cause of persistent impairment in the United States, as well as the second most leading cause of dementia and the fourth most common cause of mortality. The is high morbidity associated with stroke, with costs estimated at $34 billion annually for healthcare services, medications, and missed workdays. In the United States, about 800,000 primary (first-time) or secondary (recurrent) strokes happen annually, with primary strokes accounting for the majority (roughly 600,000). Although the proportional burden of hemorrhagic vs ischemic stroke varies among various populations, the majority of strokes (80% ) are ischemic . Stroke appears to have an even greater global impact than it does in the United States.
Hemiparesis, hemisensory loss, impaired language, eye muscle weakness, and visual field cuts are all symptoms of cerebral bleed and infarction, which cause sudden malfunctioning of neurologic tissue. In contrast, cerebral hemorrhage causes blood to flow into the brain. This causes squeezing of neighboring tissue and eventually increased intracranial pressure. As a result due to this increased pressure and meningeal irritation, the patient presents with severe headache, neck stiffness and vomiting and progressive deterioration due to continuous bleeding.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- The control and experimental groups were compared with each other.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control | Active comparator | Other: balanace exercisespatients in control group did balance exercises for period of 4 weeks (10 repetitions in each set, 3 sets per session, 1 session daily, 3 days weekly.) The exercises included standing with feet together, Standing in Tandem position, Standing eye open to eye closed, multidirectional functional reach during standing, March in place and walk sideways. |
| Experimental | Experimental | Other: Balance Exercises plus Ankle strategyExperimental group received ankle strategy exercises in addition to balance exercises for a period of 4 weeks (10 repetitions in each set, 3 sets per session, 1 session daily, 3 days weekly). Ankle strategy exercises included raising and lowering heels and forefeet, heel to toe walking, stepping up and down and right and left and diagonal inclination of body during standing. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 40 to 60 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Both male and female with Hemiplegic stroke (unilateral) Age between 40 and 60 years Chronic stroke patients were included (patients who had a stroke more than 3 months ago)
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- PCA Stroke patients with cortical blindness Patients who have had more than one stroke Patients with active medical complications Patients with concomitant gait disorders due to acute or subacute Musculoskeletal issues
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| balanace exercisesBalance exercises included standing with feet together (narrow base of support), Standing in Tandem position, Standing eye open to eye closed, multidirectional functional reach during standing, March in place and walk sideways. Time period was of 4 weeks (10 repetitions in each set, 3 sets per session, 1 session daily, 3 days weekly). | Other | Control |
| Balance Exercises plus Ankle strategyankle strategy exercises included raising and lowering heels and forefeet, heel to toe walking, stepping up and down and right and left and diagonal inclination of body during standing.While balance exercises included standing with feet together (narrow base of support), Standing in Tandem position, Standing eye open to eye closed, multidirectional functional reach during standing, March in place and walk sideways. Time period was of 4 weeks (10 repetitions in each set, 3 sets per session, 1 session daily, 3 days weekly). | Other | Experimental |
Primary outcome
ABC scale
Time frame: 4 weeks
In this patient himself reported the level of confidence in doing certain activities by choosing one of the percentages on the scale from 0% to 100%
TUG Test
Time frame: 4 weeks
The participant was requested to get out of a chair, walk 3 meters, turn around, return to the chair, and sit on it. We had utilized it to measure dynamic balance in this study.
10 meter walk test
Time frame: 4 weeks
This was used for Quantitative gait analysis. Different Temporal-spatial parameters were assessed including gait speed (in meter per second), cadence (with a stopwatch), step length and stride length (with marker method). In 10meter walk test patient is instructed to walk on a 14 meters straight pathway in which only the middle 10 meters are recorded
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Nov 2021.
- Background: PubMed 12677087Adams HP Jr, Adams RJ, Brott T, del Zoppo GJ, Furlan A, Goldstein LB, Grubb RL, Higashida R, Kidwell C, Kwiatkowski TG, Marler JR, Hademenos GJ; Stroke Council of the American Stroke Association. Guidelines for the early management of patients with ischemic stroke: A scientific statement from the Stroke Council of the American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2003 Apr;34(4):1056-83. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000064841.47697.22. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 7678184Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, Marsh EE 3rd. Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke. 1993 Jan;24(1):35-41. doi: 10.1161/01.str.24.1.35.
- Background: PubMed 27078115Aidar FJ, de Oliveira RJ, de Matos DG, Mazini Filho ML, Moreira OC, de Oliveira CE, Hickner RC, Reis VM. A Randomized Trial Investigating the Influence of Strength Training on Quality of Life in Ischemic Stroke. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2016 Apr;23(2):84-9. doi: 10.1080/10749357.2015.1110307. Epub 2016 Jan 29.
- Background: PubMed 19903653Arene N, Hidler J. Understanding motor impairment in the paretic lower limb after a stroke: a review of the literature. Top Stroke Rehabil. 2009 Sep-Oct;16(5):346-56. doi: 10.1310/tsr1605-346.
- Background: PubMed 26644684Bae YH, Ko Y, Ha H, Ahn SY, Lee W, Lee SM. An efficacy study on improving balance and gait in subacute stroke patients by balance training with additional motor imagery: a pilot study. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015 Oct;27(10):3245-8. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.3245. Epub 2015 Oct 30.
- Background: PubMed 22494388Batchelor FA, Mackintosh SF, Said CM, Hill KD. Falls after stroke. Int J Stroke. 2012 Aug;7(6):482-90. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00796.x. Epub 2012 Apr 12.
- Background: PubMed 28154098Boehme AK, Esenwa C, Elkind MS. Stroke Risk Factors, Genetics, and Prevention. Circ Res. 2017 Feb 3;120(3):472-495. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308398.
- Background: PubMed 25547769Bonnyaud C, Pradon D, Zory R, Bensmail D, Vuillerme N, Roche N. Gait parameters predicted by Timed Up and Go performance in stroke patients. NeuroRehabilitation. 2015;36(1):73-80. doi: 10.3233/NRE-141194.
- Background: PubMed 21081029Bryer A, Connor M, Haug P, Cheyip B, Staub H, Tipping B, Duim W, Pinkney-Atkinson V. South African guideline for management of ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack 2010: a guideline from the South African Stroke Society (SASS) and the SASS Writing Committee. S Afr Med J. 2010 Nov 10;100(11 Pt 2):747-78. doi: 10.7196/samj.4422.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Shafaq Altaf, Phd* principal investigator
Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing balanace exercises and Balance Exercises plus Ankle strategy in people with Stroke, run by Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Nov 2021. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Shafaq Altaf, Phd* (03435020507, shafaq_dpt.ahs@stmu.edu.pk), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
ABC scale (time frame: 4 weeks). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05120414, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Nov 2021.