Birdshot ChorioretinopathyCO-BIRDNCT05153057
Birdshot Chorioretinopathy : Prospective Follow-up and Immunogenetic Studies(CO-BIRD)
An observational study of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy and Posterior Uveitis, run by Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris at 1 site in France.
Trial summary
The purpose of this study is twofold: 1. To analyze the clinical features of a cohort of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR), an inflammatory bilateral ocular disease, affecting the choroid and the retina. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, Posterior Uveitis
- What is being tested?
- Observational study
- How many people
- 600 participants
- Where
- 1 siteFrance
- Study dates
- 2 Nov 2004to 31 Dec 2030
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: Patients followed in the Department of Ophthalmology in a Paris University Hospital. Tertiary center for rare inflammatory ocular disorders.
Who may be able to join
- Bilateral disease
- Presence of at least three peripapillary "birdshot lesions" inferior or nasal to the optic disk in one eye
- Low-grade anterior segment intraocular inflammation (defined as ≤ 1+cells in the anterior chamber)
- Low grade vitreous inflammatory reaction (defined as ≤ 2+ vitreous haze‡) Supportive findings
- 1. HLA-A29 positivity 2. Retinal vasculitis 3. Cystoid macular edema
Who cannot join
- Keratic precipitates
- Posterior synechiae
- Presence of infectious, neoplastic, or other inflammatory diseases that can cause multifocal choroidal lesions
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country. Contact the study team or a site near you to ask about taking part.
France1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Ophtalmopôle, Hôpital Cochin
Paris, Île-de-France Region, 75014
Souhila KECILI, MSc, +33 1 58412898, souhila.kecili@aphp.fr
About this study
Official title: Longitudinal Cohort Study of Patients With Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.
The purpose of this study is twofold:
- To analyze the clinical features of a cohort of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR), an inflammatory bilateral ocular disease, affecting the choroid and the retina. Various imaging techniques will be used to assess the effect of the disease on the retina and the choroid. A standardized assessment of the visual function will be performed with visual acuity, visual field and color vision testing. The quality of life of the patients will be evaluated with the VFQ-25 questionnaire. These analyses will help delineating different forms of the disease among its heterogeneous presentations.
- To identify predisposing factors for the disease. The condition is unique from the immunogenetic standpoint by its association with the HLA-A29 allele, which is the strongest link between an HLA class I antigen and a disease. To date, however, the mechanisms leading to birdshot chorioretinopathy remain unknown. GWAS (Genome Wide association Study) based on DNA of the cohort patients will be performed with the aim to identify other susceptibility genes associated with BCR.
Read the detailed description
Birdshot chorioretinopathy is a bilateral chronic posterior uveitis that has been named in 1980. The "birdshot lesions" are the hallmark of the disease. In their most typical aspect these lesions are ovoid shaped hypopigmented spots at the level of the choroid.
One of the main difficulties of the diagnosis lies in the spectrum of presentations of the disease. The typical birdshot lesions are ovoid with their main axis oriented toward the optic disc. However, some are round and the can be clearly seen on fundus examination while others can be limited to subtle depigmentations. Typical lesions are one-quarter to one-half disc diameters, but confluent lesions may yield larger areas of depigmentation that are difficult to recognize. Although the typical lesions are depigmented, their presentation may change over time and pigment or atrophy may replace the initial cream-colored spots. The typical location, or the most easily seen location of the spots, is nasal to the optic disc. However, involvement of the posterior pole inside the temporal arcade is also possible. The spots usually predominate in the mid-periphery, but may also extend to the equator. A standardized classification of the birdshot lesions according to their size, their number, their pigmentation and their localization has been suggested to help in the categorization of the various disease presentations and for the longitudinal follow-up of affected patients. Spots clearly visible at the time of the diagnosis may disappear later. Hence, if the diagnosis of the birdshot chorioretinopathy is not made when spots are clearly visible, later presentations may not meet the definition commonly used for the disease. The disappearance of birdshot spots after treatment has been documented, but the effect of treatment on spots has not yet been assessed in large cohorts of patients. Indocyanine green angiography has been suggested as a reliable method to detect spots. However, it remains to be validated by a randomized assessment comparing indocyanine green angiography to color photographs for the detection of birdshot lesions.
Fluorescein angiography is useful in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy to assess disease activity. In active disease, angiographic findings include leakage of the retinal veins, macular edema and optic disk hyperfluorescence. These findings are not disease specific, but they require a careful examination of the fundus seeking subtle spots when birdshot lesions are not obvious.
Given the above, the first goal of our prospective cohort study is to assess the heterogeneity of the disease, its spectrum of presentation and its evolution over time.
One of the characteristics of birdshot chorioretinopathy is its association with the HLA-A29 allele, which constitutes the strongest link between a disease and class I HLA allele. The mechanism by which HLA-A29 confers a risk for birdshot chorioretinopathy is a key question that remains unanswered. As with other associations between HLA class I antigens and diseases (HLA-B27 with spondylarthropathies and HLA B51 with Behçet's disease), the physiopathogeny of these links have not been elucidated.
Other factors playing a role in the physiopathogeny of the disease and not linked to the major histocompatibility complex are researched. A few families of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy have been reported, which could point to additional genetic factors for disease susceptibility but does not rule out an environmental effect.
Hence, the complex physiopathology of birdshot chorioretinopathy could involve the HLA-A29 allele, other unknown genetic factors, as well as environmental factors.
Given the above, we are planning a GWAS (Genome Wide association Study) based on DNA of the cohort patients, which will be performed with the aim to identify other susceptibility genes associated with BCR.
- Conditions
- Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, Posterior Uveitis
- Being tested
- Observational study
- Keywords
- Prospective follow-up, birdshot chorioretinopathy.
- Medical subject headings
- Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, Uveitis, Posterior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Observational studyOther
The goal of the study is purely observational. Treatment decisions will be made by physicians according to the grading of the intraocular inflammation related to birdshot chorioretinopathy and to their consequences on visual function. These treatment decisions will be independent from the observational study.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Birdshot chorioretinopathy | Patients with a diagnosis of birdshot chorioretinopathy, with confirmed HLA-A29 positivity. Receives: Other: Observational study |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA)
Standard decimal clarity for distance visual acuity. It is expressed from 0 which is minimum \& worse value, corresponding to no light perception; to 1.0 (20/20) which is maximum \& best value
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Visual field testing
Humphrey 30-2 automated threshold perimetry with foveal sensitivity. It is expressed in Mean Deviation from -25 decibels or unachievable which is minimum \& worse value, to 0 decibel, which is maximum \& best value.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Color vision
Assessed with Desaturated Lanthony 15-Hue Test: an objective technic evaluating sensitivity to color \& colour vision deficiency. Test result is categorized as Abnormal for minimum \& worse evaluation; and Normal for maximum \& best evaluation.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire
Using a scale from 0 for minimum \& worse, to 100 for maximum \& best result; this questionnaire measures influence of visual impairment on various dimensions of quality of life such as emotional well-being and social functioning
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Secondary outcomes (6)
Assessment of birdshot spot size
It describes appearance of the birdshot spots as small for minimum or large for maximum.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Assessment of birdshot spot number
Spots are counted and categorized as <10 for minimum value \& >50 for maximum
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Assessment of birdshot spot localization
Spots are categorized as Juxtapapillary, Equator \& Diffuse.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Assessment of birdshot spot pigmentation
Spot pigmentation is analysed and categorized as No pigmentation for minimum \& Sever for maximum.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Assessment of edema
Papillary \& macular edema are analysed by Optical Coherence Tomography, using a scale from 0 to 4 respectively for minimum \& best, to maximum \& worse value.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Assessment of retinal vasculitis
Arterial \& venous vasculitis are analysed by Fluorescein Angiography, using a scale from 0 to 4 respectively for minimum \& best, to maximum \& worse value.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 Dec 2021
- Study start2 Nov 2004
- Primary completion31 Dec 2030 (estimated)
- Study completion31 Dec 2030 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (17)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Birdshot ChorioretinopathyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de ParisThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 600 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- URC-CIC Paris Descartes Necker Cochin
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Antoine BREZIN, PhD & MD, Principal investigator, Université de Paris, Ophtalmopôle, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris.
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05153057
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- NI16002
- Acronym
- CO-BIRD
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 12 Jan 2021
- Last updated
- 4 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Sharing of anonymized clinical data with other investigators experienced in the care of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy.
Publications
Levinson RD, Brezin A, Rothova A, Accorinti M, Holland GN. Research criteria for the diagnosis of birdshot chorioretinopathy: results of an international consensus conference. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Jan;141(1):185-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.08.025.
PubMed 16386995Monnet D, Brezin AP, Holland GN, Yu F, Mahr A, Gordon LK, Levinson RD. Longitudinal cohort study of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy. I. Baseline clinical characteristics. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Jan;141(1):135-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.08.067.
PubMed 16386987Monnet D, Brezin AP. Birdshot chorioretinopathy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2006 Dec;17(6):545-50. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3280109479.
PubMed 17065923Holland GN, Shah KH, Monnet D, Brezin AP, Yu F, Nusinowitz S, Levinson RD. Longitudinal cohort study of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy II: color vision at baseline. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Dec;142(6):1013-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.06.065. Epub 2006 Aug 2.
PubMed 17157585Monnet D, Levinson RD, Holland GN, Haddad L, Yu F, Brezin AP. Longitudinal cohort study of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy. III. Macular imaging at baseline. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Dec;144(6):818-828. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.08.011. Epub 2007 Oct 18.
PubMed 17949671Gordon LK, Monnet D, Holland GN, Brezin AP, Yu F, Levinson RD. Longitudinal cohort study of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy. IV. Visual field results at baseline. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Dec;144(6):829-837. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.08.010. Epub 2007 Oct 15.
PubMed 17937923Levinson RD, Du Z, Luo L, Monnet D, Tabary T, Brezin AP, Zhao L, Gjertson DW, Holland GN, Reed EF, Cohen JH, Rajalingam R. Combination of KIR and HLA gene variants augments the risk of developing birdshot chorioretinopathy in HLA-A*29-positive individuals. Genes Immun. 2008 Apr;9(3):249-58. doi: 10.1038/gene.2008.13. Epub 2008 Mar 13.
PubMed 18340360Kappel PJ, Monnet D, Yu F, Brezin AP, Levinson RD, Holland GN. Contrast sensitivity among patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009 Feb;147(2):351-356.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.08.021. Epub 2008 Oct 29.
PubMed 18973873Levinson RD, Monnet D, Yu F, Holland GN, Gutierrez P, Brezin AP. Longitudinal cohort study of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy. V. Quality of life at baseline. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009 Feb;147(2):346-350.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.08.011. Epub 2008 Oct 9.
PubMed 18848319Pagnoux C, Mahr A, Aouba A, Berezne A, Monnet D, Cohen P, Levinson RD, Brezin AP, Guillevin L. Extraocular manifestations of birdshot chorioretinopathy in 118 French patients. Presse Med. 2010 May;39(5):e97-e102. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2009.12.005. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
PubMed 20219319Brezin AP, Monnet D, Cohen JH, Levinson RD. HLA-A29 and birdshot chorioretinopathy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2011 Dec;19(6):397-400. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2011.619295.
PubMed 22106906Dastiridou AI, Bousquet E, Kuehlewein L, Tepelus T, Monnet D, Salah S, Brezin A, Sadda SR. Choroidal Imaging with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: Choroidal Reflectivity and Thickness. Ophthalmology. 2017 Aug;124(8):1186-1195. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.03.047. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
PubMed 28456419Cunningham ET, Levinson RD, Denniston AK, Brezin AP, Zierhut M. Birdshot Chorioretinopathy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2017 Oct;25(5):589-593. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2017.1400800. No abstract available.
PubMed 29144845Bousquet E, Khandelwal N, Seminel M, Mehanna C, Salah S, Eymard P, Bodin Hassani S, Monnet D, Brezin A, Agrawal R. Choroidal Structural Changes in Patients with Birdshot Chorioretinopathy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2021 Feb 17;29(2):346-351. doi: 10.1080/09273948.2019.1681472. Epub 2019 Nov 12.
PubMed 31714872Ferreira de Moura T, Enjalbert A, Monnet D, Kecili S, Imikerene L, Loeliger J, Thorne JE, Brezin AP. Peripapillary atrophy in patients with birdshot chorioretinitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2025 Jul 22;109(8):882-887. doi: 10.1136/bjo-2024-326440.
PubMed 40010761
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Longitudinal Cohort Study of Patients With Birdshot Chorioretinopathy.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05153057
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CO-BIRD / NI16002
- Conditions
- Birdshot Chorioretinopathy, Posterior Uveitis
- Keywords
- Prospective follow-up, birdshot chorioretinopathy.
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Recruiting
- Enrolment
- 600 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de ParisUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- URC-CIC Paris Descartes Necker Cochin
- Study start
- 2 Nov 2004 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2030 (estimated)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2030 (estimated)
- First posted
- 10 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this study is twofold:
- To analyze the clinical features of a cohort of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy (BCR), an inflammatory bilateral ocular disease, affecting the choroid and the retina. Various imaging techniques will be used to assess the effect of the disease on the retina and the choroid. A standardized assessment of the visual function will be performed with visual acuity, visual field and color vision testing. The quality of life of the patients will be evaluated with the VFQ-25 questionnaire. These analyses will help delineating different forms of the disease among its heterogeneous presentations.
- To identify predisposing factors for the disease. The condition is unique from the immunogenetic standpoint by its association with the HLA-A29 allele, which is the strongest link between an HLA class I antigen and a disease. To date, however, the mechanisms leading to birdshot chorioretinopathy remain unknown. GWAS (Genome Wide association Study) based on DNA of the cohort patients will be performed with the aim to identify other susceptibility genes associated with BCR.
Detailed description
Birdshot chorioretinopathy is a bilateral chronic posterior uveitis that has been named in 1980. The "birdshot lesions" are the hallmark of the disease. In their most typical aspect these lesions are ovoid shaped hypopigmented spots at the level of the choroid.
One of the main difficulties of the diagnosis lies in the spectrum of presentations of the disease. The typical birdshot lesions are ovoid with their main axis oriented toward the optic disc. However, some are round and the can be clearly seen on fundus examination while others can be limited to subtle depigmentations. Typical lesions are one-quarter to one-half disc diameters, but confluent lesions may yield larger areas of depigmentation that are difficult to recognize. Although the typical lesions are depigmented, their presentation may change over time and pigment or atrophy may replace the initial cream-colored spots. The typical location, or the most easily seen location of the spots, is nasal to the optic disc. However, involvement of the posterior pole inside the temporal arcade is also possible. The spots usually predominate in the mid-periphery, but may also extend to the equator. A standardized classification of the birdshot lesions according to their size, their number, their pigmentation and their localization has been suggested to help in the categorization of the various disease presentations and for the longitudinal follow-up of affected patients. Spots clearly visible at the time of the diagnosis may disappear later. Hence, if the diagnosis of the birdshot chorioretinopathy is not made when spots are clearly visible, later presentations may not meet the definition commonly used for the disease. The disappearance of birdshot spots after treatment has been documented, but the effect of treatment on spots has not yet been assessed in large cohorts of patients. Indocyanine green angiography has been suggested as a reliable method to detect spots. However, it remains to be validated by a randomized assessment comparing indocyanine green angiography to color photographs for the detection of birdshot lesions.
Fluorescein angiography is useful in patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy to assess disease activity. In active disease, angiographic findings include leakage of the retinal veins, macular edema and optic disk hyperfluorescence. These findings are not disease specific, but they require a careful examination of the fundus seeking subtle spots when birdshot lesions are not obvious.
Given the above, the first goal of our prospective cohort study is to assess the heterogeneity of the disease, its spectrum of presentation and its evolution over time.
One of the characteristics of birdshot chorioretinopathy is its association with the HLA-A29 allele, which constitutes the strongest link between a disease and class I HLA allele. The mechanism by which HLA-A29 confers a risk for birdshot chorioretinopathy is a key question that remains unanswered. As with other associations between HLA class I antigens and diseases (HLA-B27 with spondylarthropathies and HLA B51 with Behçet's disease), the physiopathogeny of these links have not been elucidated.
Other factors playing a role in the physiopathogeny of the disease and not linked to the major histocompatibility complex are researched. A few families of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy have been reported, which could point to additional genetic factors for disease susceptibility but does not rule out an environmental effect.
Hence, the complex physiopathology of birdshot chorioretinopathy could involve the HLA-A29 allele, other unknown genetic factors, as well as environmental factors.
Given the above, we are planning a GWAS (Genome Wide association Study) based on DNA of the cohort patients, which will be performed with the aim to identify other susceptibility genes associated with BCR.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Birdshot chorioretinopathy | – | Other: Observational studyPatients with a diagnosis of birdshot chorioretinopathy, with confirmed HLA-A29 positivity. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Patients followed in the Department of Ophthalmology in a Paris University Hospital. Tertiary center for rare inflammatory ocular disorders.
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Bilateral disease
- Presence of at least three peripapillary "birdshot lesions" inferior or nasal to the optic disk in one eye
- Low-grade anterior segment intraocular inflammation (defined as ≤ 1+cells in the anterior chamber)
- Low grade vitreous inflammatory reaction (defined as ≤ 2+ vitreous haze‡) Supportive findings
- 1. HLA-A29 positivity 2. Retinal vasculitis 3. Cystoid macular edema
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Keratic precipitates
- Posterior synechiae
- Presence of infectious, neoplastic, or other inflammatory diseases that can cause multifocal choroidal lesions
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Observational studyThe goal of the study is purely observational. Treatment decisions will be made by physicians according to the grading of the intraocular inflammation related to birdshot chorioretinopathy and to their consequences on visual function. These treatment decisions will be independent from the observational study. | Other | Birdshot chorioretinopathy |
Primary outcome
Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA)
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Standard decimal clarity for distance visual acuity. It is expressed from 0 which is minimum \& worse value, corresponding to no light perception; to 1.0 (20/20) which is maximum \& best value
Visual field testing
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Humphrey 30-2 automated threshold perimetry with foveal sensitivity. It is expressed in Mean Deviation from -25 decibels or unachievable which is minimum \& worse value, to 0 decibel, which is maximum \& best value.
Color vision
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Assessed with Desaturated Lanthony 15-Hue Test: an objective technic evaluating sensitivity to color \& colour vision deficiency. Test result is categorized as Abnormal for minimum \& worse evaluation; and Normal for maximum \& best evaluation.
National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Using a scale from 0 for minimum \& worse, to 100 for maximum \& best result; this questionnaire measures influence of visual impairment on various dimensions of quality of life such as emotional well-being and social functioning
6 secondary outcomes
Assessment of birdshot spot size
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Assessment of birdshot spot number
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Assessment of birdshot spot localization
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Assessment of birdshot spot pigmentation
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Assessment of edema
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Assessment of retinal vasculitis
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 Mar 2026.
- Background: PubMed 16386995Levinson RD, Brezin A, Rothova A, Accorinti M, Holland GN. Research criteria for the diagnosis of birdshot chorioretinopathy: results of an international consensus conference. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Jan;141(1):185-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.08.025.
- Background: PubMed 16386987Monnet D, Brezin AP, Holland GN, Yu F, Mahr A, Gordon LK, Levinson RD. Longitudinal cohort study of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy. I. Baseline clinical characteristics. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Jan;141(1):135-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2005.08.067.
- Background: PubMed 17065923Monnet D, Brezin AP. Birdshot chorioretinopathy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2006 Dec;17(6):545-50. doi: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3280109479.
- Background: PubMed 17157585Holland GN, Shah KH, Monnet D, Brezin AP, Yu F, Nusinowitz S, Levinson RD. Longitudinal cohort study of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy II: color vision at baseline. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Dec;142(6):1013-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2006.06.065. Epub 2006 Aug 2.
- Background: PubMed 17949671Monnet D, Levinson RD, Holland GN, Haddad L, Yu F, Brezin AP. Longitudinal cohort study of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy. III. Macular imaging at baseline. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Dec;144(6):818-828. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.08.011. Epub 2007 Oct 18.
- Background: PubMed 17937923Gordon LK, Monnet D, Holland GN, Brezin AP, Yu F, Levinson RD. Longitudinal cohort study of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy. IV. Visual field results at baseline. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Dec;144(6):829-837. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2007.08.010. Epub 2007 Oct 15.
- Background: PubMed 18340360Levinson RD, Du Z, Luo L, Monnet D, Tabary T, Brezin AP, Zhao L, Gjertson DW, Holland GN, Reed EF, Cohen JH, Rajalingam R. Combination of KIR and HLA gene variants augments the risk of developing birdshot chorioretinopathy in HLA-A*29-positive individuals. Genes Immun. 2008 Apr;9(3):249-58. doi: 10.1038/gene.2008.13. Epub 2008 Mar 13.
- Background: PubMed 18973873Kappel PJ, Monnet D, Yu F, Brezin AP, Levinson RD, Holland GN. Contrast sensitivity among patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009 Feb;147(2):351-356.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.08.021. Epub 2008 Oct 29.
- Background: PubMed 18848319Levinson RD, Monnet D, Yu F, Holland GN, Gutierrez P, Brezin AP. Longitudinal cohort study of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy. V. Quality of life at baseline. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009 Feb;147(2):346-350.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2008.08.011. Epub 2008 Oct 9.
- Background: PubMed 20219319Pagnoux C, Mahr A, Aouba A, Berezne A, Monnet D, Cohen P, Levinson RD, Brezin AP, Guillevin L. Extraocular manifestations of birdshot chorioretinopathy in 118 French patients. Presse Med. 2010 May;39(5):e97-e102. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2009.12.005. Epub 2010 Mar 10.
- Background: PubMed 22106906Brezin AP, Monnet D, Cohen JH, Levinson RD. HLA-A29 and birdshot chorioretinopathy. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2011 Dec;19(6):397-400. doi: 10.3109/09273948.2011.619295.
- Background: PubMed 28456419Dastiridou AI, Bousquet E, Kuehlewein L, Tepelus T, Monnet D, Salah S, Brezin A, Sadda SR. Choroidal Imaging with Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography in Patients with Birdshot Chorioretinopathy: Choroidal Reflectivity and Thickness. Ophthalmology. 2017 Aug;124(8):1186-1195. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2017.03.047. Epub 2017 Apr 26.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Sharing of anonymized clinical data with other investigators experienced in the care of patients with birdshot chorioretinopathy.
Related trials for Birdshot Chorioretinopathy
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Quantification & Classification of Inflammatory Cells in Uveitis Using OCT
Anterior Uveitis (AU), Birdshot Chorioretinitis
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part.
Antoine BREZIN, PhD & MD principal investigator
Université de Paris, Ophtalmopôle, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Birdshot Chorioretinopathy and Posterior Uveitis, run by Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris at 1 site in France.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: looking for participants now, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in France. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Souhila KECILI, MSc (+33 1 58412898, souhila.kecili@aphp.fr), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Best Corrected Visual Acuity (BCVA) (time frame: Through study completion, an average of 1 year). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05153057, which also lists 17 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 Mar 2026.