MindfulnessNCT05154266
Effectiveness of 'Taking it Further' (TiF) Programme
A study testing Taking it Further in people with Mindfulness, run by University of Oxford at 1 site in United Kingdom.
Trial summary
Meta-analyses have demonstrated that mindfulness-based programmes are more effective than no treatment across different populations and desired outcomes yet there is limited evidence on how to sustain these benefits beyond the traditional eight-week courses. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Mindfulness
- What is being tested?
- Taking it Further
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 168 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Kingdom
- Study dates
- 28 Jun 2021to 21 Dec 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- English-speaking
- Has access to computer for online mindfulness sessions and assessments
- Participants who have completed an MBSR and/or MBCT course in the past
Who cannot join
- Has taken TiF programme prior to the start of the study
- Has completed a mindfulness programme that does not fit within the parameters of a formal mindfulness-based programme.
- Those that have recently experienced a traumatic event or bereavement and/or has been abusing substances to manage stress and/or has been harming themselves recently
- Participants on mindfulness teacher training pathway
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of 'Taking it Further' (TiF) Programme Compared to Waitlist Control in the Promotion of Well-being and Mental Health: A Randomised Controlled Trial With Graduates of MBCT and MBSR
Meta-analyses have demonstrated that mindfulness-based programmes are more effective than no treatment across different populations and desired outcomes yet there is limited evidence on how to sustain these benefits beyond the traditional eight-week courses. The 'Taking it Further' (TiF) programme was developed by the University of Oxford Mindfulness Centre to help reinforce and deepen one's mindfulness practice to promote well-being and mental health for life. The proposed study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this programme in graduates of MBCT/MBSR on well-being and mental health outcomes and explore the mediators (i.e. mindfulness, decentring, and self-compassion) through which this programme has an effect over the course of twelve weeks using a randomised controlled trial with a waitlist control. The planned research is part of an overall effort to optimize treatment effects and the long-term effectiveness of mindfulness-based programmes.
Read the detailed description
Participants that expressed an interest in taking part in the study were screened for research inclusion/exclusion criteria and for course suitability. Research inclusion/exclusion was assessed by the lead researcher whereas course suitability was assessed jointly by the lead researcher and a trained mindfulness teacher at the Oxford Mindfulness Centre (OMC). Eligible participants were invited to complete baseline measures that assessed the primary outcome and mediator (well-being and mindfulness respectively) around two weeks before the start date and then again around one week before the start date to establish a stable baseline. For one of these online questionnaires, participants were instructed to complete an online orientation video to ensure continued eligibility. Within a few days of the start date, participants were randomised to the treatment (online TiF programme) or wait-list control group. One day before the start date, all participants were invited to complete a battery of questionnaires which assessed the outcome measures (well-being, psychological quality of life, depression, anxiety), mediator measures (mindfulness, self-compassion, decentring), and an additional measure regarding perceived expectations about the mindfulness course. Participants were then invited to complete a battery of questionnaires at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (post-intervention). For the battery of questionnaires for weeks 4 and 8, participants completed the same measures assessed at baseline with additional questions that assessed: the amount of practice, quality of practice, side effects of practice, and overall experience. For week 12 (post-intervention), participants completed the same measures as weeks 4 and 8 with additional questions that assessed the perceived credibility of the mindfulness programme, perceived quality of mindfulness teaching, and potential harm. Data collection was divided into two phases, with the first phase running from June-September and the second phase running from October-December 2021. The TiF courses were run online and the surveys themselves were also administered online.
- Conditions
- Mindfulness
- Being tested
- Taking it Further
- Keywords
- Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, Mechanism, Mediator, Well-being, Mental health
- Medical subject headings
- Psychological Well-Being
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Taking it FurtherBehavioural
This programme is offered to individuals who have already completed a Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) or Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Programme (MBSR). In this programme, participants explore weekly themes (i.e. 'Responding not reacting' and 'Taking care of ourselves, taking care of others'). These themes reinforce the learning from the eight-week MBCT/MBSR courses whilst also providing new learning opportunities. The programme makes some of the dimensions that are implicit in MBCT/MBSR more explicit; for example, the cultivation of attitudes of mindfulness (such as equanimity, joy, and kindness). These attitudes of mindfulness require a foundational mindfulness practice and thus this is an additive learning theme from traditional MBCT/MBSR programmes.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness Programme | Experimental | Participants randomized to the mindfulness programme were invited to complete a twelve-week programme called 'Taking it Further'. Receives: Behavioral: Taking it Further |
| Waitlist Control | No intervention | Participants randomized to the waitlist control were asked to carry on as usual and were offered the Taking it Further course at a later time. No data was collected when the waitlist control group took part in the TiF programme. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in Well-being
To explore the effects of the TiF programme on well-being over time, the 14-item Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) will be used.
Measured: Pre-intervention (~2 weeks and 1 week before Week 0), Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Secondary outcomes (6)
Change in Mindfulness
To explore the effects of the TiF programme on mindfulness over time, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Short-Form (FFMQ-15) will be used.
Measured: Pre-intervention (~2 weeks and 1 week before Week 0), Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Change in Psychological Quality of Life
To investigate the effects of the TiF programme on psychological quality of life over time, the 6-item psychological domain of the WHO-QOL-BREF questionnaire will be used.
Measured: Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Change in Depression
To evaluate the effects of the TiF programme on symptoms of depression over time, the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) will be used.
Measured: Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Change in Anxiety
To investigate the effects of the TiF programme on anxiety over time, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) will be used.
Measured: Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Change in Self-compassion
To explore the effects of the TiF programme on self-compassion over time, the 12-item Self-Compassion Scale Short-Form (SCS-SF) will be used.
Measured: Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Change in Decentring
To explore the effects of the TiF programme on decentring over time, the 11-item Experiences Questionnaire (EQ) will be used.
Measured: Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 Dec 2021
- Study start28 Jun 2021
- Primary completion21 Dec 2021
- Study completion21 Dec 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for MindfulnessStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of OxfordThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Wait-list control
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 168 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Oxford
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Mind and Life Europe
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, ProfessorWillemKuyken, University of Oxford
- Investigators
- Willem Kuyken, Principal investigator, University of Oxford
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05154266
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TiF2021
- Other IDs
- 2020EVA-Maloney, Shannon
- Status last verified
- Jan 2022
- First submitted
- 29 Nov 2021
- Last updated
- 13 Jan 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Montero-Marin J, Farley ER, Maloney S, Crane R, D'Alton P, Eldridge R, Giommi F, Griffith G, Hecht FM, Hinze V, Loucks EB, Strauss C, Taylor L, Baer R, Kuyken W. Participants' Perspective on the Competence of Mindfulness-Based Interventions Teaching: Development and Validation of the Mindfulness-Based Interventions-Participants' Assessment of Teaching (MBI:PAT) Questionnaire. Mindfulness (N Y). 2025;16(10):2825-2844. doi: 10.1007/s12671-025-02668-8. Epub 2025 Sep 3.
PubMed 41322157Maloney S, Montero-Marin J, Kuyken W. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy-Taking it Further (MBCT-TiF) compared to Ongoing Mindfulness Practice (OMP) in the promotion of well-being and mental health: A randomised controlled trial with graduates of MBCT and MBSR. Behav Res Ther. 2024 Feb;173:104478. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104478. Epub 2024 Jan 6.
PubMed 38244384Maloney S, Montero-Marin J, Kuyken W. Pathways to mental well-being for graduates of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR): A mediation analysis of an RCT. Psychother Res. 2024 Nov;34(8):1162-1173. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2269299. Epub 2023 Nov 6.
PubMed 37931304
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Jan 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of 'Taking it Further' (TiF) Programme Compared to Waitlist Control in the Promotion of Well-being and Mental Health: A Randomised Controlled Trial With Graduates of MBCT and MBSR
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05154266
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TiF2021
- Conditions
- Mindfulness
- Keywords
- Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, Mechanism, Mediator, Well-being, Mental health
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 168 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of OxfordUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Mind and Life Europe
- Study start
- 28 Jun 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 21 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 21 Dec 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Meta-analyses have demonstrated that mindfulness-based programmes are more effective than no treatment across different populations and desired outcomes yet there is limited evidence on how to sustain these benefits beyond the traditional eight-week courses. The 'Taking it Further' (TiF) programme was developed by the University of Oxford Mindfulness Centre to help reinforce and deepen one's mindfulness practice to promote well-being and mental health for life. The proposed study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of this programme in graduates of MBCT/MBSR on well-being and mental health outcomes and explore the mediators (i.e. mindfulness, decentring, and self-compassion) through which this programme has an effect over the course of twelve weeks using a randomised controlled trial with a waitlist control. The planned research is part of an overall effort to optimize treatment effects and the long-term effectiveness of mindfulness-based programmes.
Detailed description
Participants that expressed an interest in taking part in the study were screened for research inclusion/exclusion criteria and for course suitability. Research inclusion/exclusion was assessed by the lead researcher whereas course suitability was assessed jointly by the lead researcher and a trained mindfulness teacher at the Oxford Mindfulness Centre (OMC). Eligible participants were invited to complete baseline measures that assessed the primary outcome and mediator (well-being and mindfulness respectively) around two weeks before the start date and then again around one week before the start date to establish a stable baseline. For one of these online questionnaires, participants were instructed to complete an online orientation video to ensure continued eligibility. Within a few days of the start date, participants were randomised to the treatment (online TiF programme) or wait-list control group. One day before the start date, all participants were invited to complete a battery of questionnaires which assessed the outcome measures (well-being, psychological quality of life, depression, anxiety), mediator measures (mindfulness, self-compassion, decentring), and an additional measure regarding perceived expectations about the mindfulness course. Participants were then invited to complete a battery of questionnaires at weeks 4, 8, and 12 (post-intervention). For the battery of questionnaires for weeks 4 and 8, participants completed the same measures assessed at baseline with additional questions that assessed: the amount of practice, quality of practice, side effects of practice, and overall experience. For week 12 (post-intervention), participants completed the same measures as weeks 4 and 8 with additional questions that assessed the perceived credibility of the mindfulness programme, perceived quality of mindfulness teaching, and potential harm. Data collection was divided into two phases, with the first phase running from June-September and the second phase running from October-December 2021. The TiF courses were run online and the surveys themselves were also administered online.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Wait-list control
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Mindfulness Programme | Experimental | Behavioral: Taking it FurtherParticipants randomized to the mindfulness programme were invited to complete a twelve-week programme called 'Taking it Further'. |
| Waitlist Control | No intervention | –Participants randomized to the waitlist control were asked to carry on as usual and were offered the Taking it Further course at a later time. No data was collected when the waitlist control group took part in the TiF programme. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- English-speaking
- Has access to computer for online mindfulness sessions and assessments
- Participants who have completed an MBSR and/or MBCT course in the past
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Has taken TiF programme prior to the start of the study
- Has completed a mindfulness programme that does not fit within the parameters of a formal mindfulness-based programme.
- Those that have recently experienced a traumatic event or bereavement and/or has been abusing substances to manage stress and/or has been harming themselves recently
- Participants on mindfulness teacher training pathway
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Taking it FurtherThis programme is offered to individuals who have already completed a Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) or Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Programme (MBSR). In this programme, participants explore weekly themes (i.e. 'Responding not reacting' and 'Taking care of ourselves, taking care of others'). These themes reinforce the learning from the eight-week MBCT/MBSR courses whilst also providing new learning opportunities. The programme makes some of the dimensions that are implicit in MBCT/MBSR more explicit; for example, the cultivation of attitudes of mindfulness (such as equanimity, joy, and kindness). These attitudes of mindfulness require a foundational mindfulness practice and thus this is an additive learning theme from traditional MBCT/MBSR programmes. | Behavioural | Mindfulness Programme |
Primary outcome
Change in Well-being
Time frame: Pre-intervention (~2 weeks and 1 week before Week 0), Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
To explore the effects of the TiF programme on well-being over time, the 14-item Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) will be used.
6 secondary outcomes
Change in Mindfulness
Time frame: Pre-intervention (~2 weeks and 1 week before Week 0), Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Change in Psychological Quality of Life
Time frame: Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Change in Depression
Time frame: Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Change in Anxiety
Time frame: Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Change in Self-compassion
Time frame: Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Change in Decentring
Time frame: Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Jan 2022.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 41322157Montero-Marin J, Farley ER, Maloney S, Crane R, D'Alton P, Eldridge R, Giommi F, Griffith G, Hecht FM, Hinze V, Loucks EB, Strauss C, Taylor L, Baer R, Kuyken W. Participants' Perspective on the Competence of Mindfulness-Based Interventions Teaching: Development and Validation of the Mindfulness-Based Interventions-Participants' Assessment of Teaching (MBI:PAT) Questionnaire. Mindfulness (N Y). 2025;16(10):2825-2844. doi: 10.1007/s12671-025-02668-8. Epub 2025 Sep 3.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 38244384Maloney S, Montero-Marin J, Kuyken W. Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy-Taking it Further (MBCT-TiF) compared to Ongoing Mindfulness Practice (OMP) in the promotion of well-being and mental health: A randomised controlled trial with graduates of MBCT and MBSR. Behav Res Ther. 2024 Feb;173:104478. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104478. Epub 2024 Jan 6.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 37931304Maloney S, Montero-Marin J, Kuyken W. Pathways to mental well-being for graduates of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR): A mediation analysis of an RCT. Psychother Res. 2024 Nov;34(8):1162-1173. doi: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2269299. Epub 2023 Nov 6.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Willem Kuyken principal investigator
University of Oxford
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Taking it Further in people with Mindfulness, run by University of Oxford at 1 site in United Kingdom.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Jan 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in Well-being (time frame: Pre-intervention (~2 weeks and 1 week before Week 0), Week 0, Week 4, Week 8, Week 12 (Post-intervention)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05154266, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Jan 2022.