Mild Cognitive ImpairmentNCT05158595
Exer-game Balance Training on Dementia
A study testing Exergaming low intensity group, Exergaming moderate intensity group and Exergaming high intensity group in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Age-related cognitive impairment is a wide phenomenon. Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional stage between Dementia and normal cognition.Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome that has been recognized in older adults and it has become a topic of a major focus on clinical care and research. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 55 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Mild Cognitive Impairment
- What is being tested?
- Exergaming low intensity group, Exergaming moderate intensity group and Exergaming high intensity group
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 15 Aug 2021to 20 Aug 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 55 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Individuals >55 years of age.
- Patients meeting mild cognitive impairment (MCI), The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) 20-24.
- clinical dementia rating scale (CDR) ≤ 1.0
- No unstable disease precluding the planned exercise
- Able to see and hear sufficiently to participate in planned physical and computer-based cognitive training
Who cannot join
- Non-ambulatory or major mobility disorder;
- Other neurological conditions associated with cognitive impairment such as stroke, Parkinson disease, and head injury
- Any clinically significant psychiatric condition, current drug or alcohol abuse, that would interfere with the ability to participate in the study
- Severe visual impairment
- Unwillingness to participate
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Exergame Balance Training on Dementia-Related Quality of Life and Self-Efficacy in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment
Age-related cognitive impairment is a wide phenomenon. Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional stage between Dementia and normal cognition.Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome that has been recognized in older adults and it has become a topic of a major focus on clinical care and research. In people with this condition, there are cognitive deficits and these have adverse effects on activities of daily living . These patients cannot recognize their impairment. Mild cognitive impairment is a risk factor for dementia.
Read the detailed description
The clinical features of MCI are memory impairment along with language or speech impairments, executive functions, and visuospatial impairments. In regard to clinical features of Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there are motor problems as patients have difficulty in doing complex motor tasks like doing pegboard assembly and also in fine and gross motor skills performance like they have difficulty in maintaining balance and body weight. Major factors contributing to mild cognitive impairment or major causes are medical conditions like hepatic or renal failure, depression, sleep disturbances, psychological problems,s and medicine side effects. impaired attention and concentration can lead to impaired memory and a decline in cognitive function.
As literature supports the evidence of the effectiveness of Exergaming in adults with neurocognitive disorders.As Exer-gaming training program improved their lower extremity functioning, cognitive function, and reduced depression, neuropsychiatric symptoms too. Recent studies on the treatment of Exergaming and its effect on the quality of life in dementia approach the standing balance Exer-gaming being effective and has increased attention, concentration, memory, and reaction time and has improved physical, cognitive, emotional, social function and quality of life and decreased the level of frailty in dementia patients. Recent literature on Exergaming has successfully improved cognition, balance,gait, and verbal memory in MCI patients and reduced fall risk in older adults of age >55 years
- Conditions
- Mild Cognitive Impairment
- Being tested
- Exergaming low intensity group, Exergaming moderate intensity group, Exergaming high intensity group, control group exergaming
- Medical subject headings
- Cognitive Dysfunction
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Exergaming low intensity groupOther
wobble board-based Exergame balance training, the game intensity will be low for this group (Size of goal will be kept small for 3 times a week, 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks.
Exergaming moderate intensity groupOther
Wobble board-based Exer- game balance training, the game intensity will be moderate for this group (size of goal will be kept medium).for 3 times a week, 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks.
Exergaming high intensity groupOther
Wobble board-based Exer- game balance training, the game intensity will be moderate for this group (size of goal will be kept high).for 3 times a week, 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks.
control group exergamingOther
Exer games training with soccer heading and penguin slide games(Wii Fitt balance games) for 3 times a week, 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| low intensity group | Experimental | Will receive wobble board based Exergame balance training, game intensity will be low for this group (Size of goal will be kept large) Receives: Other: Exergaming low intensity group |
| moderate intensity group | Experimental | Will receive wobble board based Exergame balance training, game intensity will be low for this group (Size of goal will be kept large) Receives: Other: Exergaming moderate intensity group |
| high intensity group | Experimental | Will receive wobble board-based Exergame balance training, game intensity will be high for this group (Size of goal will be kept small). Receives: Other: Exergaming high intensity group |
| control group | Active comparator | Will receive Exer-game balance training with Wii Fit balance games Receives: Other: control group exergaming |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
DEMENTIA QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONAIRRE (DEMQOL)
it has 29 statements with five scales and each scale score is measured by taking mean of the individual items. Every item have a 5-point scale response format on enjoyment (not at all, a lot) and frequency (never, very often).
Measured: week 8
General Self Efficacy scale
This tool tells human behavior and coping outcomes. It's very useful with studying behaviour of people who are living with any illness. This scale have 10-items and possible responses are "not at all ,all true"1=hardly true, 2=moderately true,3= exactly true,4=total score between 10 and 40
Measured: week 8
2 Minute Walk test (2MWT)
is a reliable and valid tool for accessing balance in older adults. Instructions given to the participants are that you have to "walk at your comfortable zone. The assessor will be half a meter behind the participant to ensure his/her safety. No encouragement or feedback is given during the whole test. Two practice trials and one final trial for record are performed. The participants are given at least 10 min rest between trials. The distance covered in the 2 min is recorded as the 2MWT
Measured: week 8
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted15 Dec 2021
- Study start15 Aug 2021
- Primary completion20 Aug 2022
- Study completion20 Aug 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Mild Cognitive ImpairmentStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Arshad Malik, PhD, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05158595
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/01032/Sehar
- Status last verified
- Feb 2023
- First submitted
- 27 Aug 2021
- Last updated
- 24 Feb 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Hussenoeder FS, Conrad I, Roehr S, Fuchs A, Pentzek M, Bickel H, Moesch E, Weyerer S, Werle J, Wiese B, Mamone S, Brettschneider C, Heser K, Kleineidam L, Kaduszkiewicz H, Eisele M, Maier W, Wagner M, Scherer M, Konig HH, Riedel-Heller SG. Mild cognitive impairment and quality of life in the oldest old: a closer look. Qual Life Res. 2020 Jun;29(6):1675-1683. doi: 10.1007/s11136-020-02425-5. Epub 2020 Jan 28.
PubMed 31993915Griffiths J, Thaikruea L, Wongpakaran N, Munkhetvit P. Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Rural Thai Older People, Associated Risk Factors and their Cognitive Characteristics. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2020 Mar 26;10(1):38-45. doi: 10.1159/000506279. eCollection 2020 Jan-Apr.
PubMed 32308666Foster NL, Bondi MW, Das R, Foss M, Hershey LA, Koh S, Logan R, Poole C, Shega JW, Sood A, Thothala N, Wicklund M, Yu M, Bennett A, Wang D. Quality improvement in neurology: Mild cognitive impairment quality measurement set. Neurology. 2019 Oct 15;93(16):705-713. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008259. Epub 2019 Sep 18. No abstract available.
PubMed 31534026Tangalos EG, Petersen RC. Mild Cognitive Impairment in Geriatrics. Clin Geriatr Med. 2018 Nov;34(4):563-589. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2018.06.005. Epub 2018 Aug 21.
PubMed 30336988Mariani E, Monastero R, Mecocci P. Mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2007 Aug;12(1):23-35. doi: 10.3233/jad-2007-12104.
PubMed 17851192Alkhunizan M, Alkhenizan A, Basudan L. Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2018 Mar 20;8(1):98-103. doi: 10.1159/000487231. eCollection 2018 Jan-Apr.
PubMed 29706986Wada-Isoe K, Uemura Y, Nakashita S, Yamawaki M, Tanaka K, Yamamoto M, Shimokata H, Nakashima K. Prevalence of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Rural Island Town of Ama-cho, Japan. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2012 Jan;2(1):190-9. doi: 10.1159/000338244. Epub 2012 Apr 24.
PubMed 22719745Mohan D, Iype T, Varghese S, Usha A, Mohan M. A cross-sectional study to assess prevalence and factors associated with mild cognitive impairment among older adults in an urban area of Kerala, South India. BMJ Open. 2019 Mar 20;9(3):e025473. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025473.
PubMed 30898818Juarez-Cedillo T, Sanchez-Arenas R, Sanchez-Garcia S, Garcia-Pena C, Hsiung GY, Sepehry AA, Beattie BL, Jacova C. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its subtypes in the Mexican population. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2012;34(5-6):271-81. doi: 10.1159/000345251. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
PubMed 23207978Vlachos GS, Kosmidis MH, Yannakoulia M, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou G, Sakka P, Ntanasi E, Stefanis L, Scarmeas N. Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly Population in Greece: Results From the HELIAD Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2020 Apr-Jun;34(2):156-162. doi: 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000361.
PubMed 31913961
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Feb 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Exergame Balance Training on Dementia-Related Quality of Life and Self-Efficacy in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05158595
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/01032/Sehar
- Conditions
- Mild Cognitive Impairment
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Aug 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Aug 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 20 Aug 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 15 Dec 2021 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Age-related cognitive impairment is a wide phenomenon. Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional stage between Dementia and normal cognition.Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a syndrome that has been recognized in older adults and it has become a topic of a major focus on clinical care and research. In people with this condition, there are cognitive deficits and these have adverse effects on activities of daily living . These patients cannot recognize their impairment. Mild cognitive impairment is a risk factor for dementia.
Detailed description
The clinical features of MCI are memory impairment along with language or speech impairments, executive functions, and visuospatial impairments. In regard to clinical features of Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there are motor problems as patients have difficulty in doing complex motor tasks like doing pegboard assembly and also in fine and gross motor skills performance like they have difficulty in maintaining balance and body weight. Major factors contributing to mild cognitive impairment or major causes are medical conditions like hepatic or renal failure, depression, sleep disturbances, psychological problems,s and medicine side effects. impaired attention and concentration can lead to impaired memory and a decline in cognitive function.
As literature supports the evidence of the effectiveness of Exergaming in adults with neurocognitive disorders.As Exer-gaming training program improved their lower extremity functioning, cognitive function, and reduced depression, neuropsychiatric symptoms too. Recent studies on the treatment of Exergaming and its effect on the quality of life in dementia approach the standing balance Exer-gaming being effective and has increased attention, concentration, memory, and reaction time and has improved physical, cognitive, emotional, social function and quality of life and decreased the level of frailty in dementia patients. Recent literature on Exergaming has successfully improved cognition, balance,gait, and verbal memory in MCI patients and reduced fall risk in older adults of age >55 years
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| low intensity group | Experimental | Other: Exergaming low intensity groupWill receive wobble board based Exergame balance training, game intensity will be low for this group (Size of goal will be kept large) |
| moderate intensity group | Experimental | Other: Exergaming moderate intensity groupWill receive wobble board based Exergame balance training, game intensity will be low for this group (Size of goal will be kept large) |
| high intensity group | Experimental | Other: Exergaming high intensity groupWill receive wobble board-based Exergame balance training, game intensity will be high for this group (Size of goal will be kept small). |
| control group | Active comparator | Other: control group exergamingWill receive Exer-game balance training with Wii Fit balance games |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 55 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Individuals >55 years of age.
- Patients meeting mild cognitive impairment (MCI), The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) 20-24.
- clinical dementia rating scale (CDR) ≤ 1.0
- No unstable disease precluding the planned exercise
- Able to see and hear sufficiently to participate in planned physical and computer-based cognitive training
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Non-ambulatory or major mobility disorder;
- Other neurological conditions associated with cognitive impairment such as stroke, Parkinson disease, and head injury
- Any clinically significant psychiatric condition, current drug or alcohol abuse, that would interfere with the ability to participate in the study
- Severe visual impairment
- Unwillingness to participate
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Exergaming low intensity groupwobble board-based Exergame balance training, the game intensity will be low for this group (Size of goal will be kept small for 3 times a week, 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks. | Other | low intensity group |
| Exergaming moderate intensity groupWobble board-based Exer- game balance training, the game intensity will be moderate for this group (size of goal will be kept medium).for 3 times a week, 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks. | Other | moderate intensity group |
| Exergaming high intensity groupWobble board-based Exer- game balance training, the game intensity will be moderate for this group (size of goal will be kept high).for 3 times a week, 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks. | Other | high intensity group |
| control group exergamingExer games training with soccer heading and penguin slide games(Wii Fitt balance games) for 3 times a week, 30 minutes per day for 8 weeks. | Other | control group |
Primary outcome
DEMENTIA QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONAIRRE (DEMQOL)
Time frame: week 8
it has 29 statements with five scales and each scale score is measured by taking mean of the individual items. Every item have a 5-point scale response format on enjoyment (not at all, a lot) and frequency (never, very often).
General Self Efficacy scale
Time frame: week 8
This tool tells human behavior and coping outcomes. It's very useful with studying behaviour of people who are living with any illness. This scale have 10-items and possible responses are "not at all ,all true"1=hardly true, 2=moderately true,3= exactly true,4=total score between 10 and 40
2 Minute Walk test (2MWT)
Time frame: week 8
is a reliable and valid tool for accessing balance in older adults. Instructions given to the participants are that you have to "walk at your comfortable zone. The assessor will be half a meter behind the participant to ensure his/her safety. No encouragement or feedback is given during the whole test. Two practice trials and one final trial for record are performed. The participants are given at least 10 min rest between trials. The distance covered in the 2 min is recorded as the 2MWT
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Feb 2023.
- Background: PubMed 31993915Hussenoeder FS, Conrad I, Roehr S, Fuchs A, Pentzek M, Bickel H, Moesch E, Weyerer S, Werle J, Wiese B, Mamone S, Brettschneider C, Heser K, Kleineidam L, Kaduszkiewicz H, Eisele M, Maier W, Wagner M, Scherer M, Konig HH, Riedel-Heller SG. Mild cognitive impairment and quality of life in the oldest old: a closer look. Qual Life Res. 2020 Jun;29(6):1675-1683. doi: 10.1007/s11136-020-02425-5. Epub 2020 Jan 28.
- Background: PubMed 32308666Griffiths J, Thaikruea L, Wongpakaran N, Munkhetvit P. Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Rural Thai Older People, Associated Risk Factors and their Cognitive Characteristics. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2020 Mar 26;10(1):38-45. doi: 10.1159/000506279. eCollection 2020 Jan-Apr.
- Background: PubMed 31534026Foster NL, Bondi MW, Das R, Foss M, Hershey LA, Koh S, Logan R, Poole C, Shega JW, Sood A, Thothala N, Wicklund M, Yu M, Bennett A, Wang D. Quality improvement in neurology: Mild cognitive impairment quality measurement set. Neurology. 2019 Oct 15;93(16):705-713. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000008259. Epub 2019 Sep 18. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 30336988Tangalos EG, Petersen RC. Mild Cognitive Impairment in Geriatrics. Clin Geriatr Med. 2018 Nov;34(4):563-589. doi: 10.1016/j.cger.2018.06.005. Epub 2018 Aug 21.
- Background: PubMed 17851192Mariani E, Monastero R, Mecocci P. Mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review. J Alzheimers Dis. 2007 Aug;12(1):23-35. doi: 10.3233/jad-2007-12104.
- Background: PubMed 29706986Alkhunizan M, Alkhenizan A, Basudan L. Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Study. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2018 Mar 20;8(1):98-103. doi: 10.1159/000487231. eCollection 2018 Jan-Apr.
- Background: PubMed 22719745Wada-Isoe K, Uemura Y, Nakashita S, Yamawaki M, Tanaka K, Yamamoto M, Shimokata H, Nakashima K. Prevalence of Dementia and Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Rural Island Town of Ama-cho, Japan. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2012 Jan;2(1):190-9. doi: 10.1159/000338244. Epub 2012 Apr 24.
- Background: PubMed 30898818Mohan D, Iype T, Varghese S, Usha A, Mohan M. A cross-sectional study to assess prevalence and factors associated with mild cognitive impairment among older adults in an urban area of Kerala, South India. BMJ Open. 2019 Mar 20;9(3):e025473. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025473.
- Background: PubMed 23207978Juarez-Cedillo T, Sanchez-Arenas R, Sanchez-Garcia S, Garcia-Pena C, Hsiung GY, Sepehry AA, Beattie BL, Jacova C. Prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and its subtypes in the Mexican population. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2012;34(5-6):271-81. doi: 10.1159/000345251. Epub 2012 Nov 29.
- Background: PubMed 31913961Vlachos GS, Kosmidis MH, Yannakoulia M, Dardiotis E, Hadjigeorgiou G, Sakka P, Ntanasi E, Stefanis L, Scarmeas N. Prevalence of Mild Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly Population in Greece: Results From the HELIAD Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord. 2020 Apr-Jun;34(2):156-162. doi: 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000361.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Mild Cognitive Impairment
Enrolling by invitationPhase 2
Tau PET Outcomes With Anti-amyloid Immunotherapies
Cognitive Impairment, Mild, Dementia, Mild
RecruitingPhase 1
PET Imaging of Phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) in Volunteers With Alzheimer Disease (AD) or Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)
Alzheimer s Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment
RecruitingPhase 1
A First-In-Human Study of LY3954068 in Participants With Early Symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease
Alzheimer Disease
Recruiting
Non-invasive Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment
RecruitingObservational study
Loneliness as Risk Factor for Dementia
Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), Dementia (Diagnosis)
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Arshad Malik, PhD principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Exergaming low intensity group, Exergaming moderate intensity group and Exergaming high intensity group in people with Mild Cognitive Impairment, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Feb 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
DEMENTIA QUALITY OF LIFE QUESTIONAIRRE (DEMQOL) (time frame: week 8). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05158595, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Feb 2023.