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Lower Limb InjuryNCT05167162

Efficacy of the Most Commonly Used Physiotherapeutic Treatments for Acute Lower Limb Fatigue in Athletes

A study testing State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire, Rating of Perceived Exertion and Motor coordination tests in people with Lower Limb Injury, run by Clinica Gema Leon at 1 site in Spain.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

Acute fatigue is the inability to generate a required or expected level of force or exercise intensity, whether or not preceded by previous exercise. It is an important risk factor in overuse injuries. It is multifactorial in nature and its mechanisms of formation are imprecise. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 20 to 25 years
Conditions the study is for
Lower Limb Injury
What is being tested?
State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire, Rating of Perceived Exertion and Motor coordination tests
Type of treatment
Surgery or procedure
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
80 participants
Where
1 siteSpain
Study dates
6 Nov 2021to 30 Apr 2022
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 20 to 25 years
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult

Who may be able to join

  • Active athletes
  • Presentation of typical clinical signs of acute fatigue in one of the two lower limbs
  • Positive diagnosis of acute fatigue

Who cannot join

  • Not compatible with age range
  • Healthy athletes
  • Diagnosed injuries other than acute fatigue

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Spain1 site
  • Gema León Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Clinic

    Córdoba, Andalusia, 14011

Other trials in Spain

About this study

Acute fatigue is the inability to generate a required or expected level of force or exercise intensity, whether or not preceded by previous exercise. It is an important risk factor in overuse injuries. It is multifactorial in nature and its mechanisms of formation are imprecise. This type of fatigue can affect both the peripheral level, generating neuromuscular or peripheral fatigue, and the central level, generating central fatigue Objective: To study several physiotherapeutic protocols, analyzing the degree of effectiveness of each one for the recovery of acute fatigue in athletes. Design: Prospective randomized experimental study with 4 groups of physiotherapeutic protocols suitable in acute fatigue recovery. Participants: Presentation of 80 patients treated with 4 therapeutic protocols, equally divided and purposely sexed. The four protocols were divided into: Active recovery (n=20) hydrotherapy (n=20) massage (n=20) and compression (n=20) for 4 weeks of treatment. Intervention: Active recovery protocols (group 1) hydrotherapy protocol (group 2) massage protocol (group 3) and comprehension protocol (group 4).

Keywords: Lower limbs, physiotherapy, athlete, biomechanics, protocol.

Read the detailed description

The etiology of injury in sport is multifactorial, generated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. There is evidence that supports that the management and handling of loads is the factor that generates the greatest risk of injury and that not respecting the load-recovery balance can lead to an accumulation of fatigue resulting in poor training adaptation which leads to increased risk of injury. From a physiological approach, fatigue is defined as a functional failure of the organism which, due to excessive energy expenditure and depletion of substrates necessary for energy production, leads to a decrease in performance.

Acute fatigue is the inability to generate a required or expected level of exercise force or intensity, whether or not preceded by previous exercise. Acute fatigue is an important risk factor in overuse injuries. It is multifactorial in nature and its mechanisms of formation are imprecise. This type of fatigue can affect both the peripheral level, generating neuromuscular or peripheral fatigue, and the central level, generating central fatigue. Peripheral or neuromuscular fatigue is the result of altered musculoskeletal homeostasis due to a limitation or failure of one or more motor unit processes, producing a dysfunction in the contraction process. Central fatigue is an involuntary failure in brain function or nerve impulse conduction, resulting in impaired transmission from the central nervous system (CNS) and impaired motor axon recruitment. One of the main factors associated with central fatigue is the alteration of synthesis and activity of some neurotransmitters.

Elite athletes push their training to the limit in order to maximize their performance. This generates muscle damage that results in a breakdown of structural proteins of muscle fibers and connective tissues, causing tissue inflammation, Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) and an increase in perceived fatigue. To maximize an athlete's ability to perform, it is not only the training that must be addressed, but also the balance between training and recovery. This prevents maladaptation to physiological and psychological stresses induced by the load. Therefore, it is important for the athlete to optimize the recovery period to reduce the risk of injury.

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate the efficacy of various physiotherapeutic protocols, analyzing the degree of effectiveness in each of these for recovery from acute fatigue in athletes.

Being tested
State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire, Rating of Perceived Exertion, Motor coordination tests, Physiotherapeutic intervention, Data Analysis
Keywords
Lower limbs, Physiotherapy, Athlete, Biomechanics, Protocol
Medical subject headings
Leg Injuries

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • State-Trait Anxiety QuestionnaireDiagnostic test

    Also called STAI

    The scale measures ordinally (1 to 5) the values observed during exposure to anxiety patterns during exercise, such as higher repetitions, greater weight gain or longer exercise duration, as follows:

    1. Not at all
    2. Little
    3. Sometimes
    4. Almost always
    5. Always
  • Rating of Perceived ExertionDiagnostic test

    Also called RPE

    The scale measures in ordinal form (1 to 6) the perceived effort during the exercise as follows:

    1. No pain
    2. Little pain
    3. Moderate
    4. Severe
    5. Very strong
    6. Unbearable
  • Motor coordination testsDiagnostic test

    The motor coordination tests are divided into three:

    1. Jumping with 2 feet together.
    2. Throwing 2 balls from a given distance and space.
    3. Proprioception turns
  • Physiotherapeutic interventionProcedure or surgery

    Participants received one session per week, until a total of 20 sessions were completed: Group 1 (n=20) received the muscle compression treatment. Group 2 (n=20) received the manual massage treatment. Group 3 (n=20) received the hydrotherapy treatment and group 4 (n=20) received the active recovery treatment.

  • Data AnalysisOther

    The usual descriptive parameters (mean and standard deviation) of the sample were calculated. The distribution and analysis of the other data were performed by means of a nonparametric test (Mann-Whitney U test) comparing the groups. A confidence level of 95% was established, considering a value of p<0.05 as statistically significant.

Study groups in NCT05167162
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Group 1: Compression techniqueActive comparator20 participants make up the compression technique group.
Receives: Diagnostic Test: State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire; Diagnostic Test: Rating of Perceived Exertion; Diagnostic Test: Motor coordination tests; Procedure: Physiotherapeutic intervention; Other: Data Analysis
Group 2: Massage techniquesActive comparator20 participants make up the massage technique group.
Receives: Diagnostic Test: State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire; Diagnostic Test: Rating of Perceived Exertion; Diagnostic Test: Motor coordination tests; Procedure: Physiotherapeutic intervention; Other: Data Analysis
Group 3: HydromassageActive comparator20 participants make up the hydromassage technique group.
Receives: Diagnostic Test: State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire; Diagnostic Test: Rating of Perceived Exertion; Diagnostic Test: Motor coordination tests; Procedure: Physiotherapeutic intervention; Other: Data Analysis
Group 4: Active recovery technique.Active comparator20 participants make up the active recovery technique group.
Receives: Diagnostic Test: State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire; Diagnostic Test: Rating of Perceived Exertion; Diagnostic Test: Motor coordination tests; Procedure: Physiotherapeutic intervention; Other: Data Analysis

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire (STAI)

    The range or index of anxiety perceived during the exam and the ability to tolerate anxious moments are evaluated.

    Measured: five months

  2. Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)

    The range or rate of perceived exertion during the scan is evaluated.

    Measured: five months

  3. Scale Countermovement jump (CMJ)

    The range or index of neuromuscular performance during the scan is evaluated.

    Measured: five months

Secondary outcomes (1)
  1. Number of participants in each physical therapy application

    Five reviews were carried out corresponding to the five months of treatment. During these five months, the participants received one session per week, until a total of 20 sessions were completed:

    • Group 1 (n=20) received the muscle compression treatment.
    • Group 2 (n=20) received the manual massage treatment.
    • Group 3 (n=20) received the hydrotherapy treatment.
    • Group 4 (n=20) received the active recovery treatment.

    Measured: five months

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted22 Dec 2021
  2. Study start6 Nov 2021
  3. Primary completion21 Apr 2022
  4. Study completion30 Apr 2022

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Crossover
Model description
80 patients divided into 4 groups of equal size and randomly selected. The 4 treatment methods used will be as follows: Group 1: Compression techniques (n=20). Group 2: Massage techniques (n=20) Group 3: Hydrotherapy (n=20) Group 4: Active recovery technique (n=20)
Masking
Triple blind
Who is masked
Participant, Care provider, Investigator
Enrolment
80 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05167162
Sponsor's protocol ID
ART-GLB-ACUTE FATIGUE
Status last verified
Aug 2024
First submitted
6 Nov 2021
Last updated
12 Aug 2024
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No: The request for the data will be studied and considered upon prior and justified request.

Publications

  • Benjaminse A, Webster KE, Kimp A, Meijer M, Gokeler A. Revised Approach to the Role of Fatigue in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analyses. Sports Med. 2019 Apr;49(4):565-586. doi: 10.1007/s40279-019-01052-6.

    PubMed 30659497
  • Guan Y, Bredin S, Jiang Q, Taunton J, Li Y, Wu N, Wu L, Warburton D. The effect of fatigue on asymmetry between lower limbs in functional performances in elite child taekwondo athletes. J Orthop Surg Res. 2021 Jan 9;16(1):33. doi: 10.1186/s13018-020-02175-7.

    PubMed 33422109
  • Burton I. Autoregulation in Resistance Training for Lower Limb Tendinopathy: A Potential Method for Addressing Individual Factors, Intervention Issues, and Inadequate Outcomes. Front Physiol. 2021 Aug 5;12:704306. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.704306. eCollection 2021.

    PubMed 34421641
  • Trojian T, Driban J, Nuti R, Distefano L, Root H, Nistler C, LaBella C. Osteoarthritis action alliance consensus opinion - best practice features of anterior cruciate ligament and lower limb injury prevention programs. World J Orthop. 2017 Sep 18;8(9):726-734. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v8.i9.726. eCollection 2017 Sep 18.

    PubMed 28979857
  • Franke TPC, Backx FJG, Huisstede BMA. Lower extremity compression garments use by athletes: why, how often, and perceived benefit. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2021 Mar 24;13(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s13102-020-00230-8.

    PubMed 33761989
  • Ghram A, Young JD, Soori R, Behm DG. Unilateral Knee and Ankle Joint Fatigue Induce Similar Impairment to Bipedal Balance in Judo Athletes. J Hum Kinet. 2019 Mar 27;66:7-18. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0063. eCollection 2019 Mar.

    PubMed 30988836
  • Cejudo A, Sainz de Baranda P, Ayala F, De Ste Croix M, Santonja-Medina F. Assessment of the Range of Movement of the Lower Limb in Sport: Advantages of the ROM-SPORT I Battery. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Oct 19;17(20):7606. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17207606.

    PubMed 33086605
  • DeLang MD, Salamh PA, Farooq A, Tabben M, Whiteley R, van Dyk N, Chamari K. The dominant leg is more likely to get injured in soccer players: systematic review and meta-analysis. Biol Sport. 2021 Sep;38(3):397-435. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2021.100265. Epub 2020 Oct 28.

    PubMed 34475623
  • Gilbert FC, Burdette GT, Joyner AB, Llewellyn TA, Buckley TA. Association Between Concussion and Lower Extremity Injuries in Collegiate Athletes. Sports Health. 2016 Nov/Dec;8(6):561-567. doi: 10.1177/1941738116666509. Epub 2016 Sep 20.

    PubMed 27587598
  • Drury B, Ratel S, Clark CCT, Fernandes JFT, Moran J, Behm DG. Eccentric Resistance Training in Youth: Perspectives for Long-Term Athletic Development. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2019 Nov 28;4(4):70. doi: 10.3390/jfmk4040070.

    PubMed 33467385
  • Mang CS, Whitten TA, Cosh MS, Dukelow SP, Benson BW. Assessment of Postural Stability During an Upper Extremity Rapid, Bimanual Motor Task After Sport-Related Concussion. J Athl Train. 2020 Nov 1;55(11):1160-1173. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-378-19.

    PubMed 33064821
  • Avedesian JM, Covassin T, Dufek JS. The Influence of Sport-Related Concussion on Lower Extremity Injury Risk: A Review of Current Return-to-Play Practices and Clinical Implications. Int J Exerc Sci. 2020 Aug 1;13(3):873-889. doi: 10.70252/WVYL1782. eCollection 2020.

    PubMed 32922630
  • Frutuoso AS, Diefenthaeler F, Vaz MA, Freitas Cde L. LOWER LIMB ASYMMETRIES IN RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS ATHLETES. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2016 Feb;11(1):34-43.

    PubMed 26900498
  • Siupsinskas L, Garbenyte-Apolinskiene T, Salatkaite S, Gudas R, Trumpickas V. Association of pre-season musculoskeletal screening and functional testing with sports injuries in elite female basketball players. Sci Rep. 2019 Jun 26;9(1):9286. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45773-0.

    PubMed 31243317
  • Dubose DF, Herman DC, Jones DL, Tillman SM, Clugston JR, Pass A, Hernandez JA, Vasilopoulos T, Horodyski M, Chmielewski TL. Lower Extremity Stiffness Changes after Concussion in Collegiate Football Players. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2017 Jan;49(1):167-172. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001067.

    PubMed 27501359

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire, Rating of Perceived Exertion and Motor coordination tests in people with Lower Limb Injury, run by Clinica Gema Leon at 1 site in Spain.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Aug 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Spain. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire (STAI) (time frame: five months). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05167162, which also lists 16 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Aug 2024; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.

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