Incentive SpirometryNCT05192785
The Effects Incentive Spirometry Use in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
A study testing Incentive Spirometry Group in people with Incentive Spirometry and Oxygen Saturation, run by Cukurova University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Background: Incentive spirometry is used in addition to care, especially in reducing pulmonary complications after surgery. Complications in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems can basically be determined by blood values and vital signs, which are important objective data of haemodynamics. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Incentive Spirometry, Oxygen Saturation
- What is being tested?
- Incentive Spirometry Group
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 58 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 15 Feb 2021to 15 Dec 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients undergoing first-time, nonemergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery
- Patients who agreed to participate in the study
- Patients who were able to communicate
- Patients with no hearing difficulty
- Patients with no history of psychiatric and/or mental illness
- -Patients with a stable clinical condition
Who cannot join
- Patients with an unstable clinical condition
- Patients who refused to participate
- Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Patients with chronic kidney failure
- Patients with severe hemodynamic dysfunction
- Patients requiring sternotomy or re-sternotomy
- Patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Outcomes of Incentive Spirometry for Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Background: Incentive spirometry is used in addition to care, especially in reducing pulmonary complications after surgery. Complications in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems can basically be determined by blood values and vital signs, which are important objective data of haemodynamics.
Aim: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the use of incentive spirometry in conjunction with postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation care has a notable impact on arterial blood gas, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and vital signs.
Methods: This randomised, controlled trial was designed using a repeated-measures design. The study was planned to be conducted at the cardiovascular surgery clinic of a university hospital. It was intended that data from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery would be analyzed. All patients were planned to receive routine pulmonary rehabilitation, with incentive spirometry added for the experimental group. Outcome measures were designed to include arterial blood gas values, oxygen saturation, and vital signs recorded during the postoperative period.
Read the detailed description
This study was designed as a single-center, randomized controlled trial with repeated measures to evaluate the effects of incentive spirometry used in addition to routine postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
The study was planned to be conducted in the cardiovascular surgery clinic of a university hospital. Patients assessed for eligibility were to be randomized into two groups: an experimental group (receiving incentive spirometry plus routine pulmonary rehabilitation) or a control group (receiving routine pulmonary rehabilitation only).
Randomization was performed using a simple randomization method with a computer-generated random number table. Group assignments were placed in sequentially numbered sealed envelopes to ensure allocation concealment. A single-blind approach was used during randomization, where the principal investigator and the statistician remained blinded to group assignments.
In the experimental group, it was planned that patients would receive routine pulmonary rehabilitation together with incentive spirometry. The device intended for use was a flow-oriented incentive spirometer with three chambers (target volumes: 600, 900, and 1200 mL). The intervention was planned to be initiated postoperatively after extubation and continued throughout the hospital stay. The procedure involved 10 to 20 deep breaths every 1 to 2 hours, combined with coughing exercises.
The control group was planned to receive routine pulmonary rehabilitation care without incentive spirometry. This care included deep breathing and coughing exercises, pain assessment, and early mobilization. Early mobilization was planned for both groups.
Data collection was planned to be performed during the preoperative period and across the early postoperative period (Days 1, 2, and 3). Recorded variables were intended to include demographic characteristics, arterial blood gas values (PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and vital signs (systolic/diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and pulse rate).
- Conditions
- Incentive Spirometry, Oxygen Saturation
- Being tested
- Incentive Spirometry Group
- Keywords
- Vital Signs, Coronary Heart Disease, Post-operative Care, Practice Nursing, Respiratory Nursing, Surgical Nursing
- Medical subject headings
- Coronary Disease
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Incentive Spirometry GroupDevice
A flow-oriented incentive spirometer with three compartments and target volumes of 600, 900, and 1200 mL was used. Patients were instructed in its use preoperatively and continued the application after extubation when fully awake. The intervention was performed every 1 to 2 hours while awake, for a total of 10 to 20 breaths according to tolerance. Patients performed deep breathing exercises first, followed by incentive spirometry, and then coughing exercises. During the application, the bed was elevated to 45 degrees and the patient was positioned in long sitting. Patients were instructed to inhale slowly and deeply to raise the balls to the target level, hold their breath for 3 to 5 seconds, and then exhale normally. The exercise was repeated according to tolerance, and coughing exercises were performed after every five repetitions.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Control group | No intervention | Participants in the control group received routine postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation care without incentive spirometry. Routine care included deep breathing exercises, coughing exercises, pain assessment and management, and early mobilization during hospitalization. Arterial blood gas parameters, peripheral oxygen saturation, and vital signs were measured and recorded during the resting period at the end of postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. |
| Incentive Spirometry Group | Experimental | Participants in the experimental group received routine postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation care plus incentive spirometry. Routine care included deep breathing exercises, coughing exercises, pain assessment and management, and early mobilization during hospitalization. Incentive spirometry was explained, demonstrated, and applied preoperatively and continued after extubation when the patient was fully awake. The intervention included 10 to 20 breaths every 1 to 2 hours according to patient tolerance. Arterial blood gas parameters, peripheral oxygen saturation, and vital signs were measured and recorded during the resting period at the end of postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. Receives: Device: Incentive Spirometry Group |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2)
Measurement of the partial pressure of oxygen (mmHg) obtained via arterial blood gas analysis to evaluate oxygenation levels.
Measured: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, and postoperative day 3
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2)
Measurement of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (mmHg) obtained via arterial blood gas analysis to evaluate ventilation efficiency.
Measured: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, and postoperative day 3.
Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO2)
Measurement of the arterial oxygen saturation percentage (%) obtained via arterial blood gas analysis.
Measured: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, and postoperative day 3.
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
Measurement of the peripheral oxygen saturation percentage (%) using a non-invasive pulse oximetry device.
Measured: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, and postoperative day 3.
Secondary outcomes (4)
Change in Systolic Blood Pressure
Measurement of systolic blood pressure (mmHg) during the resting period to evaluate hemodynamic stability.
Measured: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, postoperative day 3
Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure
Measurement of diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) during the resting period to evaluate hemodynamic stability.
Measured: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, postoperative day 3.
Change in Respiratory Rate
Measurement of the number of breaths per minute to assess respiratory effort and function.
Measured: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, postoperative day 3.
Change in Pulse Rate
Measurement of the number of heartbeats per minute to monitor cardiovascular response.
Measured: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, postoperative day 3.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Jan 2022
- Study start15 Feb 2021
- Primary completion15 Feb 2022
- Study completion15 Dec 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Incentive SpirometryStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This research, randomised controlled design with repeated measures was used, and the patients were divided into two different groups, as the control (non-IS) and experimental (IS-Exp).
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 58 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Cukurova University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Esma Gökçe, Cukurova University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05192785
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 50202081
- Status last verified
- Mar 2026
- First submitted
- 13 Dec 2021
- Last updated
- 17 Mar 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Agostini P, Calvert R, Subramanian H, Naidu B. Is incentive spirometry effective following thoracic surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2008 Apr;7(2):297-300. doi: 10.1510/icvts.2007.171025. Epub 2007 Nov 26.
PubMed 18039692Boden I, Skinner EH, Browning L, Reeve J, Anderson L, Hill C, Robertson IK, Story D, Denehy L. Preoperative physiotherapy for the prevention of respiratory complications after upper abdominal surgery: pragmatic, double blinded, multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2018 Jan 24;360:j5916. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5916.
PubMed 29367198Carvalho CR, Paisani DM, Lunardi AC. Incentive spirometry in major surgeries: a systematic review. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2011 Sep-Oct;15(5):343-50. doi: 10.1590/s1413-35552011005000025. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
PubMed 22002191Eltorai AEM, Baird GL, Eltorai AS, Healey TT, Agarwal S, Ventetuolo CE, Martin TJ, Chen J, Kazemi L, Keable CA, Diaz E, Pangborn J, Fox J, Connors K, Sellke FW, Elias JA, Daniels AH. Effect of an Incentive Spirometer Patient Reminder After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg. 2019 Jul 1;154(7):579-588. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.0520.
PubMed 30969332Eltorai AEM, Szabo AL, Antoci V Jr, Ventetuolo CE, Elias JA, Daniels AH, Hess DR. Clinical Effectiveness of Incentive Spirometry for the Prevention of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications. Respir Care. 2018 Mar;63(3):347-352. doi: 10.4187/respcare.05679. Epub 2017 Dec 26.
PubMed 29279365Lumb AB. Pre-operative respiratory optimisation: an expert review. Anaesthesia. 2019 Jan;74 Suppl 1:43-48. doi: 10.1111/anae.14508.
PubMed 30604419Moradian ST, Heydari AA, Mahmoudi H. What is the Role of Preoperative Breathing Exercises in Reducing Postoperative Atelectasis after CABG? Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2019;14(4):275-279. doi: 10.2174/1574887114666190710165951.
PubMed 31291879Pantel H, Hwang J, Brams D, Schnelldorfer T, Nepomnayshy D. Effect of Incentive Spirometry on Postoperative Hypoxemia and Pulmonary Complications After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg. 2017 May 1;152(5):422-428. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.4981.
PubMed 28097332Restrepo RD, Wettstein R, Wittnebel L, Tracy M. Incentive spirometry: 2011. Respir Care. 2011 Oct;56(10):1600-4. doi: 10.4187/respcare.01471.
PubMed 22008401Agostini P, Singh S. Incentive spirometry following thoracic surgery: what should we be doing? Physiotherapy. 2009 Jun;95(2):76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2008.11.003. Epub 2009 Mar 3.
PubMed 19627688
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 17 Mar 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Outcomes of Incentive Spirometry for Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery: A Randomised Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05192785
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 50202081
- Conditions
- Incentive Spirometry, Oxygen Saturation
- Keywords
- Vital Signs, Coronary Heart Disease, Post-operative Care, Practice Nursing, Respiratory Nursing, Surgical Nursing
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 58 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Cukurova UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 15 Feb 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Feb 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Dec 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Background: Incentive spirometry is used in addition to care, especially in reducing pulmonary complications after surgery. Complications in the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems can basically be determined by blood values and vital signs, which are important objective data of haemodynamics.
Aim: This study was designed to test the hypothesis that the use of incentive spirometry in conjunction with postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation care has a notable impact on arterial blood gas, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and vital signs.
Methods: This randomised, controlled trial was designed using a repeated-measures design. The study was planned to be conducted at the cardiovascular surgery clinic of a university hospital. It was intended that data from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery would be analyzed. All patients were planned to receive routine pulmonary rehabilitation, with incentive spirometry added for the experimental group. Outcome measures were designed to include arterial blood gas values, oxygen saturation, and vital signs recorded during the postoperative period.
Detailed description
This study was designed as a single-center, randomized controlled trial with repeated measures to evaluate the effects of incentive spirometry used in addition to routine postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery.
The study was planned to be conducted in the cardiovascular surgery clinic of a university hospital. Patients assessed for eligibility were to be randomized into two groups: an experimental group (receiving incentive spirometry plus routine pulmonary rehabilitation) or a control group (receiving routine pulmonary rehabilitation only).
Randomization was performed using a simple randomization method with a computer-generated random number table. Group assignments were placed in sequentially numbered sealed envelopes to ensure allocation concealment. A single-blind approach was used during randomization, where the principal investigator and the statistician remained blinded to group assignments.
In the experimental group, it was planned that patients would receive routine pulmonary rehabilitation together with incentive spirometry. The device intended for use was a flow-oriented incentive spirometer with three chambers (target volumes: 600, 900, and 1200 mL). The intervention was planned to be initiated postoperatively after extubation and continued throughout the hospital stay. The procedure involved 10 to 20 deep breaths every 1 to 2 hours, combined with coughing exercises.
The control group was planned to receive routine pulmonary rehabilitation care without incentive spirometry. This care included deep breathing and coughing exercises, pain assessment, and early mobilization. Early mobilization was planned for both groups.
Data collection was planned to be performed during the preoperative period and across the early postoperative period (Days 1, 2, and 3). Recorded variables were intended to include demographic characteristics, arterial blood gas values (PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2), peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), and vital signs (systolic/diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate, and pulse rate).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This research, randomised controlled design with repeated measures was used, and the patients were divided into two different groups, as the control (non-IS) and experimental (IS-Exp).
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Control group | No intervention | –Participants in the control group received routine postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation care without incentive spirometry. Routine care included deep breathing exercises, coughing exercises, pain assessment and management, and early mobilization during hospitalization. Arterial blood gas parameters, peripheral oxygen saturation, and vital signs were measured and recorded during the resting period at the end of postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. |
| Incentive Spirometry Group | Experimental | Device: Incentive Spirometry GroupParticipants in the experimental group received routine postoperative pulmonary rehabilitation care plus incentive spirometry. Routine care included deep breathing exercises, coughing exercises, pain assessment and management, and early mobilization during hospitalization. Incentive spirometry was explained, demonstrated, and applied preoperatively and continued after extubation when the patient was fully awake. The intervention included 10 to 20 breaths every 1 to 2 hours according to patient tolerance. Arterial blood gas parameters, peripheral oxygen saturation, and vital signs were measured and recorded during the resting period at the end of postoperative days 1, 2, and 3. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Patients undergoing first-time, nonemergency coronary artery bypass graft surgery
- Patients who agreed to participate in the study
- Patients who were able to communicate
- Patients with no hearing difficulty
- Patients with no history of psychiatric and/or mental illness
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Patients with an unstable clinical condition
- Patients who refused to participate
- Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- Patients with chronic kidney failure
- Patients with severe hemodynamic dysfunction
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Incentive Spirometry GroupA flow-oriented incentive spirometer with three compartments and target volumes of 600, 900, and 1200 mL was used. Patients were instructed in its use preoperatively and continued the application after extubation when fully awake. The intervention was performed every 1 to 2 hours while awake, for a total of 10 to 20 breaths according to tolerance. Patients performed deep breathing exercises first, followed by incentive spirometry, and then coughing exercises. During the application, the bed was elevated to 45 degrees and the patient was positioned in long sitting. Patients were instructed to inhale slowly and deeply to raise the balls to the target level, hold their breath for 3 to 5 seconds, and then exhale normally. The exercise was repeated according to tolerance, and coughing exercises were performed after every five repetitions. | Device | Incentive Spirometry Group |
Primary outcome
Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2)
Time frame: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, and postoperative day 3
Measurement of the partial pressure of oxygen (mmHg) obtained via arterial blood gas analysis to evaluate oxygenation levels.
Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide (PaCO2)
Time frame: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, and postoperative day 3.
Measurement of the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (mmHg) obtained via arterial blood gas analysis to evaluate ventilation efficiency.
Arterial Oxygen Saturation (SaO2)
Time frame: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, and postoperative day 3.
Measurement of the arterial oxygen saturation percentage (%) obtained via arterial blood gas analysis.
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation (SpO2)
Time frame: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, and postoperative day 3.
Measurement of the peripheral oxygen saturation percentage (%) using a non-invasive pulse oximetry device.
4 secondary outcomes
Change in Systolic Blood Pressure
Time frame: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, postoperative day 3
Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure
Time frame: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, postoperative day 3.
Change in Respiratory Rate
Time frame: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, postoperative day 3.
Change in Pulse Rate
Time frame: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, postoperative day 3.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 17 Mar 2026.
- Background: PubMed 18039692Agostini P, Calvert R, Subramanian H, Naidu B. Is incentive spirometry effective following thoracic surgery? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2008 Apr;7(2):297-300. doi: 10.1510/icvts.2007.171025. Epub 2007 Nov 26.
- Background: PubMed 29367198Boden I, Skinner EH, Browning L, Reeve J, Anderson L, Hill C, Robertson IK, Story D, Denehy L. Preoperative physiotherapy for the prevention of respiratory complications after upper abdominal surgery: pragmatic, double blinded, multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2018 Jan 24;360:j5916. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j5916.
- Background: PubMed 22002191Carvalho CR, Paisani DM, Lunardi AC. Incentive spirometry in major surgeries: a systematic review. Rev Bras Fisioter. 2011 Sep-Oct;15(5):343-50. doi: 10.1590/s1413-35552011005000025. Epub 2011 Oct 14.
- Background: PubMed 30969332Eltorai AEM, Baird GL, Eltorai AS, Healey TT, Agarwal S, Ventetuolo CE, Martin TJ, Chen J, Kazemi L, Keable CA, Diaz E, Pangborn J, Fox J, Connors K, Sellke FW, Elias JA, Daniels AH. Effect of an Incentive Spirometer Patient Reminder After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg. 2019 Jul 1;154(7):579-588. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.0520.
- Background: PubMed 29279365Eltorai AEM, Szabo AL, Antoci V Jr, Ventetuolo CE, Elias JA, Daniels AH, Hess DR. Clinical Effectiveness of Incentive Spirometry for the Prevention of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications. Respir Care. 2018 Mar;63(3):347-352. doi: 10.4187/respcare.05679. Epub 2017 Dec 26.
- Background: PubMed 30604419Lumb AB. Pre-operative respiratory optimisation: an expert review. Anaesthesia. 2019 Jan;74 Suppl 1:43-48. doi: 10.1111/anae.14508.
- Background: PubMed 31291879Moradian ST, Heydari AA, Mahmoudi H. What is the Role of Preoperative Breathing Exercises in Reducing Postoperative Atelectasis after CABG? Rev Recent Clin Trials. 2019;14(4):275-279. doi: 10.2174/1574887114666190710165951.
- Background: PubMed 28097332Pantel H, Hwang J, Brams D, Schnelldorfer T, Nepomnayshy D. Effect of Incentive Spirometry on Postoperative Hypoxemia and Pulmonary Complications After Bariatric Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Surg. 2017 May 1;152(5):422-428. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2016.4981.
- Background: PubMed 22008401Restrepo RD, Wettstein R, Wittnebel L, Tracy M. Incentive spirometry: 2011. Respir Care. 2011 Oct;56(10):1600-4. doi: 10.4187/respcare.01471.
- Results publication: PubMed 19627688Agostini P, Singh S. Incentive spirometry following thoracic surgery: what should we be doing? Physiotherapy. 2009 Jun;95(2):76-82. doi: 10.1016/j.physio.2008.11.003. Epub 2009 Mar 3.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Incentive Spirometry Group in people with Incentive Spirometry and Oxygen Saturation, run by Cukurova University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 17 Mar 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Partial Pressure of Oxygen (PaO2) (time frame: Preoperative, postoperative day 1, postoperative day 2, and postoperative day 3). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05192785, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 17 Mar 2026.