NurseNCT05207410
Effectiveness of Teaching Program for the Management of Upper GI Bleeding
An observational study of Nurse, run by Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India at 1 site in India.
Trial summary
A study to assess the effectiveness of teaching program for the management of upper GI bleeding in terms of gain in nurses' practice and knowledge related to management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room at ILBS, New Delhi. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 30 to 50 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Nurse
- How many people
- 20 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIndia
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2021to 5 Dec 2021
- How long will I take part?
- 16 Days
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 30 to 50 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Study population: The staff nurses as well as team leader on duty who are actively involved in direct care of CLD patients visiting emergency room with upper GI bleeding.
Who may be able to join
- Nurses' who are involved in direct patient care and include the staff nurses' as well as team leader on duty.
Who cannot join
- Nurses' who are on long leave.
- Nurses who are on relieving duty. (pull out shift)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
India1 site
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences
New Delhi, National Capital Territory of Delhi, 110070
About this study
Official title: Effectiveness of Teaching Program for the Management of Upper GI Bleeding in Terms of Gain in Nurses' Knowledge and Practice
A study to assess the effectiveness of teaching program for the management of upper GI bleeding in terms of gain in nurses' practice and knowledge related to management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room at ILBS, New Delhi.
The study assumes that- The nurses are practising as per their usual nursing practices while managing the patients with upper GI bleeding.
Read more
Nursing Personnel have some knowledge in the practice related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients.
The nurses are documenting their nursing intervention correctly. The patient is managed by the nurses through a nursing team approach. (Any nursing professional from the nursing team can attend to the patient in the emergency room.) Structured teaching program will enhance the patient care related to the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.
The study hypothesis is tested at 0.05 level of significance: - H1 - There is a significant difference between mean knowledge score of nurses' before and after administration of Structured teaching Program as measured by Structured Questionnaire H2 - There is a significant difference between mean practice score of nurses' before and after administration of Structured teaching Program as measured by observation checklist H3 - There is a significant difference between mean practice response time score of nurses' before and after administration of Structured teaching Program as measured by observation checklist H4 - There is a significant association between nurses' knowledge and selected demographic and clinical variables of the patients visiting Emergency Room.
Read the detailed description
A study to assess the effectiveness of teaching program for the management of upper GI bleeding in terms of gain in nurses' knowledge and practice related to management of GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room at ILBS, New Delhi.
The objectives of the study To determine the nurses' knowledge in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room before and after the administration of the structured teaching programme.
To determine the nurses' practices and nurses practice response time in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room before and after the administration of the structured teaching programme.
To assess the factors affecting the nurses' practice in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting emergency room.
To find out the association between nurses' knowledge in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting emergency room and the selected demographic variables of the nurses' working in emergency room.
Operational definition Assess: In this study it refers to evaluating the effectiveness of nurses' practice and related factors in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.
Effectiveness: In this study, it refers to the power of nursing structured teaching program to bring about the changes in the nurses' practices measured by significant gain in knowledge score and assessed by structured knowledge questionnaire.
Nurse: In this study, it refers to the staff nurses as well as team leader on duty who are actively involved in direct care of CLD patients visiting emergency room with upper GI bleeding.
Practice: In this study, it refers to the performance of requisite interventions by the nurses related to management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room as measured by observation checklist.
Knowledge: In this study, it refers to the ability of nurses to respond correctly to structured knowledge questionnaire containing knowledge items on management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients, as evident from knowledge scores.
Response time: In this study, it refers to the time from the arrival of the patient at Emergency Room gate till the patient gets a response from the emergency room nursing staff in term of implementing requisite nursing intervention(s) in the management of upper GI bleeding.
Factors- In this study, it refers to all those elements in the emergency room and characteristics of nurses that may influence the nurse's practice in providing quality care to CLD patients visiting Emergency Room with upper GI bleeding and includes their age, experience, nurse patient ratio, shift duration, emergency training, physical training, administrative policies, education level, knowledge, length of work.
Upper GI bleeding - In this study, it refers to classic upper GI bleeding symptoms or the history of recent upper GI bleeding for which a chronic liver disease patient visits the emergency room of ILBS.
Management of upper GI bleeding - In this study, it refers to all nursing intervention towards assessment of early initiation of clinical care and symptom management within the emergency room and includes the following: -
- Primary assessment,
- Resuscitation/stabilisation,
- History collection\& health assessment,
- Supportive treatment,
- Transfer and referral. Chronic liver disease - In this study, it refers to patients diagnosed with Chronic liver disease and admitted in the emergency room for the management of upper GI bleeding.
Patients - In this study, it refers to the person either male or female who is coming for the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room of ILBS hospital during the time of data collection Emergency Room (ER) -In this study, it refers to the emergency room of ILBS, New Delhi.
Structured Teaching Program - In this study, it refers to the structured teaching program designed by the researcher for the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room and comprises of a checklist and guidelines.
Event - In this study, it refers to the visits made by a CLD patients with upper GI bleeding to the Emergency department of ILBS from 8 AM to 8 PM Assumptions The study assumes that- The nurses are practising as per their usual nursing practices while managing the patients with upper GI bleeding.
Nursing Personnel have some knowledge in the practice related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients.
The nurses are documenting their nursing intervention correctly. The patient is managed by the nurses through a nursing team approach. (Any nursing professional from the nursing team can attend to the patient in the emergency room.) Structured teaching program will enhance the patient care related to the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.
Ethics Committee Clearance The Institutional Review Board clearance was obtained by two processes, Scientific Review Committee and Ethics Committee Clearance was obtained from Scientific Review Committee and Ethics Committee of College of Nursing, ILBS, and New Delhi.
Ethics approval to conduct the study was obtained from the college of nursing. All procedures to be performed in this study involving human participants are in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Ethical Committee as laid down by WHO, ICMR and its later amendments. Informed Consent will be taken from each participant after explanation and giving Information Sheet Materials and Methods: - Quantitative research approach is used. Research Design in the study One group Pre test - Post test design is used
The symbols used means:
O1: Assessment of nurses' practices related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients before intervention.
O2: Assessment of nurses' knowledge related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients before intervention.
O3: Assessment of nurses' practices related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients after intervention.
O4: Assessment of nurses' knowledge related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients after intervention.
X: Structured teaching program The present study will be conducted in Emergency Room at ILBS hospital. In the present study, population comprises of Nurses working at ILBS. and the target population comprises of Nurses working in Emergency Room, and accessible population comprises of Nurses' providing care to upper GI bleeding among CLD patients visiting Emergency Room at the time of data collection.
Sample Size:
Nurses: Total Enumeration. [ 20 nurses} Events: Total Enumeration (Total number of events in the morning, evening and night shifts during data collection period will be observed i.e., 35 events).
Source of data Data will be collected from the study participants, nurses' record and observation method The variables used in this study is Research variables i.e. Independent Variable: Structured teaching program
Dependent Variable:
Knowledge of nurses regarding management of upper GI bleeding. Practices of nurses and their response time regarding management of upper GI bleeding.
Factors affecting nurses' practices in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients.
Sociodemographic variables of nurses. Process of Data Collection For the final study, the data was collected in the month of November, 2021 in the Emergency Room, ILBS, New Delhi. Formal permission will be obtained from concerned authority to conduct the study. CLD patients who are coming to emergency unit with upper GI bleeding. Observation of nurses' practice were done by observation checklist from the time of receiving the patients from the entrance of emergency unit till the referral to endoscopy or ward/ICU for further management. Total enumeration sampling technique was used and those nursing personnel who will meet the selection criteria will be recruited. Participant information sheet will be provided to each participant to read followed by clear explanation of their rights and clarification of their queries. Informed consent was signed and taken from every participant.
During data collection period, nursing personnel was asked to fill their demographic profile data. Then principal investigator had assessed their practice using observation checklist followed by assessment of knowledge using structured knowledge questionnaire. The structured teaching programme was administered to nursing personnel in a group of 3 to 4 person. After administration of teaching programme, principal investigator reassessed the practice and knowledge of nursing personnel.
Tool for Data Collection:
These tools was selected after extensive review of literatures and expert's guidance.
Tool 1: Structured questionnaire to assess the Part-1: selected Socio-Demographic profile Part-2: knowledge of Nurses' regarding management of upper GI bleeding Part-3: factors affecting nurses' practices in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.
Tool 2: Observation checklist with response time to assess the nurses' practice while managing patient with upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting emergency room.
- Conditions
- Nurse
- Keywords
- Effectiveness, management of upper GI bleeding, planned teaching program, response time, nurses
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Knowledge of Nurses' in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.
Structured knowledge questionnaire to assess nurses' knowledge regarding upper GI bleeding. It consists of 30 multiple choice knowledge questionnaire with minimum 0 and maximum 30 marks and higher score means better result.
Measured: up to 5 weeks
Practice of Nurses' in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.
Observation Checklist for the assessment of Practice of Nurses regarding upper GI bleeding The performance of activity is awarded a score of 'One' and non-performance is awarded a score of 'Zero'. The maximum possible score is 34 and minimum 0 and higher score means better result.
Measured: up to 5 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Jan 2022
- Study start1 Nov 2021
- Primary completion14 Nov 2021
- Study completion5 Dec 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for NurseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, IndiaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Other
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Target duration
- 16 Days
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Shashi Prakash, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India
- Investigators
- Shashi Mr Prakash, Nursing, Principal investigator, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05207410
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ILBS-UGIBCLD-100
- Status last verified
- Mar 2022
- First submitted
- 27 Dec 2021
- Last updated
- 31 Mar 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Mar 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effectiveness of Teaching Program for the Management of Upper GI Bleeding in Terms of Gain in Nurses' Knowledge and Practice
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05207410
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ILBS-UGIBCLD-100
- Conditions
- Nurse
- Keywords
- Effectiveness, management of upper GI bleeding, planned teaching program, response time, nurses
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 20 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, IndiaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 14 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 5 Dec 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
A study to assess the effectiveness of teaching program for the management of upper GI bleeding in terms of gain in nurses' practice and knowledge related to management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room at ILBS, New Delhi.
The study assumes that- The nurses are practising as per their usual nursing practices while managing the patients with upper GI bleeding.
Nursing Personnel have some knowledge in the practice related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients.
The nurses are documenting their nursing intervention correctly. The patient is managed by the nurses through a nursing team approach. (Any nursing professional from the nursing team can attend to the patient in the emergency room.) Structured teaching program will enhance the patient care related to the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.
The study hypothesis is tested at 0.05 level of significance: - H1 - There is a significant difference between mean knowledge score of nurses' before and after administration of Structured teaching Program as measured by Structured Questionnaire H2 - There is a significant difference between mean practice score of nurses' before and after administration of Structured teaching Program as measured by observation checklist H3 - There is a significant difference between mean practice response time score of nurses' before and after administration of Structured teaching Program as measured by observation checklist H4 - There is a significant association between nurses' knowledge and selected demographic and clinical variables of the patients visiting Emergency Room.
Detailed description
A study to assess the effectiveness of teaching program for the management of upper GI bleeding in terms of gain in nurses' knowledge and practice related to management of GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room at ILBS, New Delhi.
The objectives of the study To determine the nurses' knowledge in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room before and after the administration of the structured teaching programme.
To determine the nurses' practices and nurses practice response time in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room before and after the administration of the structured teaching programme.
To assess the factors affecting the nurses' practice in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting emergency room.
To find out the association between nurses' knowledge in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting emergency room and the selected demographic variables of the nurses' working in emergency room.
Operational definition Assess: In this study it refers to evaluating the effectiveness of nurses' practice and related factors in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.
Effectiveness: In this study, it refers to the power of nursing structured teaching program to bring about the changes in the nurses' practices measured by significant gain in knowledge score and assessed by structured knowledge questionnaire.
Nurse: In this study, it refers to the staff nurses as well as team leader on duty who are actively involved in direct care of CLD patients visiting emergency room with upper GI bleeding.
Practice: In this study, it refers to the performance of requisite interventions by the nurses related to management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room as measured by observation checklist.
Knowledge: In this study, it refers to the ability of nurses to respond correctly to structured knowledge questionnaire containing knowledge items on management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients, as evident from knowledge scores.
Response time: In this study, it refers to the time from the arrival of the patient at Emergency Room gate till the patient gets a response from the emergency room nursing staff in term of implementing requisite nursing intervention(s) in the management of upper GI bleeding.
Factors- In this study, it refers to all those elements in the emergency room and characteristics of nurses that may influence the nurse's practice in providing quality care to CLD patients visiting Emergency Room with upper GI bleeding and includes their age, experience, nurse patient ratio, shift duration, emergency training, physical training, administrative policies, education level, knowledge, length of work.
Upper GI bleeding - In this study, it refers to classic upper GI bleeding symptoms or the history of recent upper GI bleeding for which a chronic liver disease patient visits the emergency room of ILBS.
Management of upper GI bleeding - In this study, it refers to all nursing intervention towards assessment of early initiation of clinical care and symptom management within the emergency room and includes the following: -
- Primary assessment,
- Resuscitation/stabilisation,
- History collection\& health assessment,
- Supportive treatment,
- Transfer and referral. Chronic liver disease - In this study, it refers to patients diagnosed with Chronic liver disease and admitted in the emergency room for the management of upper GI bleeding.
Patients - In this study, it refers to the person either male or female who is coming for the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room of ILBS hospital during the time of data collection Emergency Room (ER) -In this study, it refers to the emergency room of ILBS, New Delhi.
Structured Teaching Program - In this study, it refers to the structured teaching program designed by the researcher for the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room and comprises of a checklist and guidelines.
Event - In this study, it refers to the visits made by a CLD patients with upper GI bleeding to the Emergency department of ILBS from 8 AM to 8 PM Assumptions The study assumes that- The nurses are practising as per their usual nursing practices while managing the patients with upper GI bleeding.
Nursing Personnel have some knowledge in the practice related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients.
The nurses are documenting their nursing intervention correctly. The patient is managed by the nurses through a nursing team approach. (Any nursing professional from the nursing team can attend to the patient in the emergency room.) Structured teaching program will enhance the patient care related to the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.
Ethics Committee Clearance The Institutional Review Board clearance was obtained by two processes, Scientific Review Committee and Ethics Committee Clearance was obtained from Scientific Review Committee and Ethics Committee of College of Nursing, ILBS, and New Delhi.
Ethics approval to conduct the study was obtained from the college of nursing. All procedures to be performed in this study involving human participants are in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Ethical Committee as laid down by WHO, ICMR and its later amendments. Informed Consent will be taken from each participant after explanation and giving Information Sheet Materials and Methods: - Quantitative research approach is used. Research Design in the study One group Pre test - Post test design is used
The symbols used means:
O1: Assessment of nurses' practices related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients before intervention.
O2: Assessment of nurses' knowledge related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients before intervention.
O3: Assessment of nurses' practices related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients after intervention.
O4: Assessment of nurses' knowledge related to management of upper GI bleeding among CLD patients after intervention.
X: Structured teaching program The present study will be conducted in Emergency Room at ILBS hospital. In the present study, population comprises of Nurses working at ILBS. and the target population comprises of Nurses working in Emergency Room, and accessible population comprises of Nurses' providing care to upper GI bleeding among CLD patients visiting Emergency Room at the time of data collection.
Sample Size:
Nurses: Total Enumeration. [ 20 nurses} Events: Total Enumeration (Total number of events in the morning, evening and night shifts during data collection period will be observed i.e., 35 events).
Source of data Data will be collected from the study participants, nurses' record and observation method The variables used in this study is Research variables i.e. Independent Variable: Structured teaching program
Dependent Variable:
Knowledge of nurses regarding management of upper GI bleeding. Practices of nurses and their response time regarding management of upper GI bleeding.
Factors affecting nurses' practices in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients.
Sociodemographic variables of nurses. Process of Data Collection For the final study, the data was collected in the month of November, 2021 in the Emergency Room, ILBS, New Delhi. Formal permission will be obtained from concerned authority to conduct the study. CLD patients who are coming to emergency unit with upper GI bleeding. Observation of nurses' practice were done by observation checklist from the time of receiving the patients from the entrance of emergency unit till the referral to endoscopy or ward/ICU for further management. Total enumeration sampling technique was used and those nursing personnel who will meet the selection criteria will be recruited. Participant information sheet will be provided to each participant to read followed by clear explanation of their rights and clarification of their queries. Informed consent was signed and taken from every participant.
During data collection period, nursing personnel was asked to fill their demographic profile data. Then principal investigator had assessed their practice using observation checklist followed by assessment of knowledge using structured knowledge questionnaire. The structured teaching programme was administered to nursing personnel in a group of 3 to 4 person. After administration of teaching programme, principal investigator reassessed the practice and knowledge of nursing personnel.
Tool for Data Collection:
These tools was selected after extensive review of literatures and expert's guidance.
Tool 1: Structured questionnaire to assess the Part-1: selected Socio-Demographic profile Part-2: knowledge of Nurses' regarding management of upper GI bleeding Part-3: factors affecting nurses' practices in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.
Tool 2: Observation checklist with response time to assess the nurses' practice while managing patient with upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting emergency room.
Study design
- Observational model
- Case only
- Time perspective
- Other
- Target follow-up
- 16 Days
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 30 to 50 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
- Study population
- The staff nurses as well as team leader on duty who are actively involved in direct care of CLD patients visiting emergency room with upper GI bleeding.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Nurses' who are involved in direct patient care and include the staff nurses' as well as team leader on duty.
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Nurses' who are on long leave.
- Nurses who are on relieving duty. (pull out shift)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Knowledge of Nurses' in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.
Time frame: up to 5 weeks
Structured knowledge questionnaire to assess nurses' knowledge regarding upper GI bleeding. It consists of 30 multiple choice knowledge questionnaire with minimum 0 and maximum 30 marks and higher score means better result.
Practice of Nurses' in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room.
Time frame: up to 5 weeks
Observation Checklist for the assessment of Practice of Nurses regarding upper GI bleeding The performance of activity is awarded a score of 'One' and non-performance is awarded a score of 'Zero'. The maximum possible score is 34 and minimum 0 and higher score means better result.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Mar 2022.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Shashi Mr Prakash, Nursing principal investigator
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Nurse, run by Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, India at 1 site in India.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Mar 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in India. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Knowledge of Nurses' in the management of upper GI bleeding among chronic liver disease patients visiting Emergency Room. (time frame: up to 5 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Mar 2022.