EpilepsyNCT05209386
Flexible Representation of Speech
A study testing Dimension-Based Statistical Learning in people with Epilepsy, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The overarching goal of this exploratory research is to understand the dynamic and flexible nature of speech processing in the human supratemporal plane. The temporal lobe has long been established as a region of interest in the speech perception and processing literature because it contains the auditory cortex. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 15 to 25 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Epilepsy
- What is being tested?
- Dimension-Based Statistical Learning
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 48 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 2 May 2022to 10 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 15 to 25 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Individuals 15-25 years old
- Undergoing sEEG placement in the supratemporal plane for clinically necessary localization of epileptic foci or language mapping
- Fluent English speakers
- Cognition and speech-language skills within normal limits (as determined by evaluation prior to surgery)
- Normal or correct-to-normal visual acuity
- Normal hearing acuity in each ear (as determined by audiometric assessment)
- No history of autism or ADHD
Who cannot join
- Individuals with intellectual disabilities
- Abnormal epileptiform activity in the supratemporal plane
- Lack of fluent English comprehension/production
- Severe language or auditory-specific cognitive dysfunction
- History of autism or ADHD
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 15224
About this study
Official title: Flexible Representation of Speech in the Supratemporal Plane
The overarching goal of this exploratory research is to understand the dynamic and flexible nature of speech processing in the human supratemporal plane. The temporal lobe has long been established as a region of interest in the speech perception and processing literature because it contains the auditory cortex. More recently, research has localized the supratemporal plane as an area that exhibits response specificity to acoustic properties of complex auditory signals like speech. The supratemporal plane, comprised of Heschl's gyrus, the planum polare, and the planum temporale, is capable of the rapid spectrotemporal analysis required to map acoustic information to linguistic representation. Neural activity in this area, however, is rarely studied directly because it is difficult to access with non-invasive measures like scalp electroencephalography (EEG). Capitalizing on the unique opportunity to access these areas via routine clinical stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) in a patient population, this study seeks to understand how cortical responses reflect the diagnosticity of two acoustic-phonetic dimensions of interest and how responses rapidly and flexibly adapt to changes in listening demands. Examining how neural response to voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) modulates as a function of perceptual weight carried in signaling phoneme categories, and identifying how changes in listening context shift perceptual weight, will provide invaluable data that indicates how speech processing flexibly adapts to short-term acoustic patterns.
Read the detailed description
The purpose of this study is to understand the dynamic, flexible nature of speech processing as a function of perceptual weight applied to acoustic-phonetic dimensions within varying listening contexts and demands.
The specific aims of this study are as follows:
- To establish the neural response to two acoustic-phonetic dimensions as a function of the perceptual weight they carry when signaling phoneme identity. Aim 1 will specifically evaluate responses to voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0). Data collected will provide a baseline response for participants.
- To identify how experimental manipulation of listening context impacts perceptual weighting strategies of VOT and F0.
Aim 2 will evaluate modulation of neural response to the introduction of noise and the introduction of an "accent."
A secondary aim of this study is to use "control" electrodes, which are those placed in clinically necessary regions of the brain but outside of the region of interest for this study (supratemporal plane), to determine if additional regions of the brain are implicated in adaptive plasticity of speech processing.
Speech is the primary means by which we convey our needs, wants, and thoughts to others and the ability to process speech is crucial to our everyday functioning, as well as our ability to establish and maintain relationships. Impairments in speech processing have an undeniable negative impact on individuals and society. While habilitative and rehabilitative strategies exist that can improve auditory processing and quality of life, understanding the exact neural mechanism underlying the human brain's ability to process speech would contribute to a more well-defined means by which to target deficits. This study seeks to understand the regions of the brain involved in speech processing, how those regions analyze specific acoustic-phonetic dimensions, and how the system adapts to successfully process speech in different listening contexts.
Modern electrophysiological techniques have revolutionized research into activity in the human brain, allowing investigators to identify specific regions or patterns of activity associated with various behaviors and sensory experiences. sEEG recordings, which involve intracerebral measurements of neural activity using depth electrodes, are capable of providing unique access to regions of the brain that are otherwise inaccessible with less invasive measurements. Capitalizing on PI Abel's work with pediatric patients undergoing sEEG recording for localization of seizure foci or language mapping, this study will allow researchers to directly study activity in regions that have already been implicated in the literature as crucial to spectrotemporal analysis of complex acoustic signals like speech. These regions within the supratemporal plane (STP) include Heschl's gyrus, the planum polare, and the planum temporale, all of which are uniquely targeted via sEEG.
Existing literature in speech processing has indicated that the mapping of physical input (acoustic signal) to linguistic representation (identification of phonemes or words) is not a static process, but rather highly dependent on listening context. The auditory processing system regularly adapts to changes in signal quality, adverse listening conditions, and short-term deviations from expected and learned regularities in native language input by applying varying importance, or perceptual weight, to specific acoustic-phonetic parameters. This indicates the existence of adaptive plasticity in speech processing, yet existing neurophysiological models do not account for this flexibility in cortical response. Data from pilot EEG and sEEG studies demonstrated that high gamma activity in the STP and behavioral responses were graded by the perceptual weight given to two acoustic-phonetic dimensions, voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0).
The proposed study will contribute to existing knowledge by helping to establish a more detailed model of on-line cortical response and adaptation to changing acoustic signals. It is unique in its accounting for the role that perceptual weight of acoustic-phonetic dimensions play in signaling phonemes and making category-based judgments.
- Conditions
- Epilepsy
- Being tested
- Dimension-Based Statistical Learning
- Keywords
- sEEG, Speech representation, Supratemporal plane
- Medical subject headings
- Epilepsy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Dimension-Based Statistical LearningBehavioural
Each participant will complete self-paced blocks of stimuli that will first establish a baseline for neural activity and behavioral responses with clear speech, and will then record responses for experimentally manipulated blocks to introduce 1) speech-in-noise and 2) a Canonical-Reverse block to model an "accent." Auditory stimuli will be adjusted to a comfortable level for each participant as determined by a calibration process completed by the participant. Each block involves listening to sound via earphones and making a categorical decision between initial consonants (/b/ or /p/) by tapping a button to indicate the word heard by the participant.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Patient Participants | Experimental | This single-group study will recruit patients through the PI's clinical practice who are undergoing invasive neurophysiological monitoring (sEEG) with clinically necessary placement of electrodes in the supratemporal plane.
All participants will complete the same behavioral response paradigms. Receives: Behavioral: Dimension-Based Statistical Learning |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Supratemporal Neural Response to Change in Acoustic-Phonetic Dimensions
Neural activity will be measured via simultaneous EEG-sEEG monitoring in the supratemporal plane as indicated by high-gamma band activity in the electrical signal. Neural activity will be measured as participants listen to acoustic stimuli with gradually manipulated acoustic dimensions, fundamental frequency (F0) and voice onset time (VOT). The data reported here is the number of temporal lobe channels demonstrating significant encoding of change in acoustic dimension (F0 as VOT is held constant).
Measured: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total
Behavioral Impact of Change in Acoustic-Phonetic Dimensions
Behavioral responses in the form of a category judgment will be obtained as participants listen to acoustic stimuli in with gradually varying fundamental frequency (F0) and voice onset time (VOT). Participants will provide a behavioral response by indicating the phoneme perceived at the beginning of stimulus words (/b/ or /p/). Specifically, the outcome is reported as percent of stimuli classified as /p/ over varying F0 with VOT held constant.
Measured: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total
Supratemporal Neural Response to Change in Listening Context
Neural activity was measured via sEEG monitoring as indicated by high-gamma band activity in the electrical signal. Neural activity will be measured as participants listen to acoustic stimuli in accented speech. The un-transformed voltage represents the difference in electric potential between a specific electrode contact and the reference electrode contact; since we use a common average reference, that means it's the difference between a specific electrode contact and the mean voltage across all electrodes. We then z-score to characterize shifts from baseline activity (where z = 0) at a specific electrode, which is believed to measure changes in voltage due largely to post-synaptic currents. This is a mathematical transformation rather than a published scale or standardized assessment. More extreme z-scores (+ or -) indicate a greater change from baseline local neural activity; in other words, stimuli evoked greater activity in this region.
Measured: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total
Behavioral Impact of Change in Listening Context
Behavioral responses in the form of a category judgment will be obtained as participants listen to acoustic stimuli in a varied listening context: accented speech. Participants will provide a behavioral response by indicating the phoneme perceived at the beginning of stimulus words (/b/ or /p/). Specifically, the outcome is reported as the mean % of stimuli classified as /p/ with varying VOT and F0 relationships.
Measured: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total
Secondary outcomes (2)
Neural Response of Non-Regions of Interest to Change in Acoustic-Dimension
Neural activity will be measured via simultaneous EEG-sEEG monitoring in the supratemporal plane as indicated by high-gamma band activity in the electrical signal. Neural activity will be measured as participants listen to acoustic stimuli with gradually manipulated acoustic dimensions, fundamental frequency (F0) and voice onset time (VOT). The data reported here is the number of temporal lobe channels demonstrating significant encoding of change in acoustic dimension (F0 as VOT is held constant).
Measured: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total
Neural Response of Non-Regions of Interest to Change in Listening Context
Neural activity was measured via sEEG monitoring as indicated by high-gamma band activity in the electrical signal. Neural activity will be measured as participants listen to acoustic stimuli in accented speech. The un-transformed voltage represents the difference in electric potential between a specific electrode contact and the reference electrode contact; since we use a common average reference, that means it's the difference between a specific electrode contact and the mean voltage across all electrodes. We then z-score to characterize shifts from baseline activity (where z = 0) at a specific electrode, which is believed to measure changes in voltage due largely to post-synaptic currents. This is a mathematical transformation rather than a published scale or standardized assessment. More extreme z-scores (+ or -) indicate a greater change from baseline local neural activity; in other words, stimuli evoked greater activity in this region.
Measured: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted26 Jan 2022
- Study start2 May 2022
- Primary completion1 Jul 2024
- Study completion10 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for EpilepsyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of PittsburghThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Pittsburgh
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Carnegie Mellon University, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Taylor Abel, University of Pittsburgh
- Investigators
- Taylor J Abel, MD, Principal investigator, University of Pittsburgh
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05209386
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- STUDY21090011
- Other IDs
- 1R21DC019217-01A1
- Status last verified
- Aug 2025
- First submitted
- 12 Jan 2022
- Last updated
- 8 Sep 2025
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: The individual deidentified participant data intended to be shared include the individual participant data that underlie the results to be reported in published articles after deidentification. Other documents that will be made available include the study protocol and statistical analysis plan. Data will be available as soon as possible following publication, but no later than one year upon completion. There is no end date. IPD will be made available for any purpose via open access.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Sep 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Flexible Representation of Speech in the Supratemporal Plane
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05209386
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- STUDY21090011
- Conditions
- Epilepsy
- Keywords
- sEEG, Speech representation, Supratemporal plane
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 48 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of PittsburghUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institutes of Health (NIH), Carnegie Mellon University, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD)
- Study start
- 2 May 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jul 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 26 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 8 Sep 2025
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The overarching goal of this exploratory research is to understand the dynamic and flexible nature of speech processing in the human supratemporal plane. The temporal lobe has long been established as a region of interest in the speech perception and processing literature because it contains the auditory cortex. More recently, research has localized the supratemporal plane as an area that exhibits response specificity to acoustic properties of complex auditory signals like speech. The supratemporal plane, comprised of Heschl's gyrus, the planum polare, and the planum temporale, is capable of the rapid spectrotemporal analysis required to map acoustic information to linguistic representation. Neural activity in this area, however, is rarely studied directly because it is difficult to access with non-invasive measures like scalp electroencephalography (EEG). Capitalizing on the unique opportunity to access these areas via routine clinical stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) in a patient population, this study seeks to understand how cortical responses reflect the diagnosticity of two acoustic-phonetic dimensions of interest and how responses rapidly and flexibly adapt to changes in listening demands. Examining how neural response to voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0) modulates as a function of perceptual weight carried in signaling phoneme categories, and identifying how changes in listening context shift perceptual weight, will provide invaluable data that indicates how speech processing flexibly adapts to short-term acoustic patterns.
Detailed description
The purpose of this study is to understand the dynamic, flexible nature of speech processing as a function of perceptual weight applied to acoustic-phonetic dimensions within varying listening contexts and demands.
The specific aims of this study are as follows:
- To establish the neural response to two acoustic-phonetic dimensions as a function of the perceptual weight they carry when signaling phoneme identity. Aim 1 will specifically evaluate responses to voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0). Data collected will provide a baseline response for participants.
- To identify how experimental manipulation of listening context impacts perceptual weighting strategies of VOT and F0.
Aim 2 will evaluate modulation of neural response to the introduction of noise and the introduction of an "accent."
A secondary aim of this study is to use "control" electrodes, which are those placed in clinically necessary regions of the brain but outside of the region of interest for this study (supratemporal plane), to determine if additional regions of the brain are implicated in adaptive plasticity of speech processing.
Speech is the primary means by which we convey our needs, wants, and thoughts to others and the ability to process speech is crucial to our everyday functioning, as well as our ability to establish and maintain relationships. Impairments in speech processing have an undeniable negative impact on individuals and society. While habilitative and rehabilitative strategies exist that can improve auditory processing and quality of life, understanding the exact neural mechanism underlying the human brain's ability to process speech would contribute to a more well-defined means by which to target deficits. This study seeks to understand the regions of the brain involved in speech processing, how those regions analyze specific acoustic-phonetic dimensions, and how the system adapts to successfully process speech in different listening contexts.
Modern electrophysiological techniques have revolutionized research into activity in the human brain, allowing investigators to identify specific regions or patterns of activity associated with various behaviors and sensory experiences. sEEG recordings, which involve intracerebral measurements of neural activity using depth electrodes, are capable of providing unique access to regions of the brain that are otherwise inaccessible with less invasive measurements. Capitalizing on PI Abel's work with pediatric patients undergoing sEEG recording for localization of seizure foci or language mapping, this study will allow researchers to directly study activity in regions that have already been implicated in the literature as crucial to spectrotemporal analysis of complex acoustic signals like speech. These regions within the supratemporal plane (STP) include Heschl's gyrus, the planum polare, and the planum temporale, all of which are uniquely targeted via sEEG.
Existing literature in speech processing has indicated that the mapping of physical input (acoustic signal) to linguistic representation (identification of phonemes or words) is not a static process, but rather highly dependent on listening context. The auditory processing system regularly adapts to changes in signal quality, adverse listening conditions, and short-term deviations from expected and learned regularities in native language input by applying varying importance, or perceptual weight, to specific acoustic-phonetic parameters. This indicates the existence of adaptive plasticity in speech processing, yet existing neurophysiological models do not account for this flexibility in cortical response. Data from pilot EEG and sEEG studies demonstrated that high gamma activity in the STP and behavioral responses were graded by the perceptual weight given to two acoustic-phonetic dimensions, voice onset time (VOT) and fundamental frequency (F0).
The proposed study will contribute to existing knowledge by helping to establish a more detailed model of on-line cortical response and adaptation to changing acoustic signals. It is unique in its accounting for the role that perceptual weight of acoustic-phonetic dimensions play in signaling phonemes and making category-based judgments.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Patient Participants | Experimental | Behavioral: Dimension-Based Statistical LearningThis single-group study will recruit patients through the PI's clinical practice who are undergoing invasive neurophysiological monitoring (sEEG) with clinically necessary placement of electrodes in the supratemporal plane. All participants will complete the same behavioral response paradigms. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 15 to 25 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (7 listed)
- Individuals 15-25 years old
- Undergoing sEEG placement in the supratemporal plane for clinically necessary localization of epileptic foci or language mapping
- Fluent English speakers
- Cognition and speech-language skills within normal limits (as determined by evaluation prior to surgery)
- Normal or correct-to-normal visual acuity
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Individuals with intellectual disabilities
- Abnormal epileptiform activity in the supratemporal plane
- Lack of fluent English comprehension/production
- Severe language or auditory-specific cognitive dysfunction
- History of autism or ADHD
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Dimension-Based Statistical LearningEach participant will complete self-paced blocks of stimuli that will first establish a baseline for neural activity and behavioral responses with clear speech, and will then record responses for experimentally manipulated blocks to introduce 1) speech-in-noise and 2) a Canonical-Reverse block to model an "accent." Auditory stimuli will be adjusted to a comfortable level for each participant as determined by a calibration process completed by the participant. Each block involves listening to sound via earphones and making a categorical decision between initial consonants (/b/ or /p/) by tapping a button to indicate the word heard by the participant. | Behavioural | Patient Participants |
Primary outcome
Supratemporal Neural Response to Change in Acoustic-Phonetic Dimensions
Time frame: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total
Neural activity will be measured via simultaneous EEG-sEEG monitoring in the supratemporal plane as indicated by high-gamma band activity in the electrical signal. Neural activity will be measured as participants listen to acoustic stimuli with gradually manipulated acoustic dimensions, fundamental frequency (F0) and voice onset time (VOT). The data reported here is the number of temporal lobe channels demonstrating significant encoding of change in acoustic dimension (F0 as VOT is held constant).
Behavioral Impact of Change in Acoustic-Phonetic Dimensions
Time frame: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total
Behavioral responses in the form of a category judgment will be obtained as participants listen to acoustic stimuli in with gradually varying fundamental frequency (F0) and voice onset time (VOT). Participants will provide a behavioral response by indicating the phoneme perceived at the beginning of stimulus words (/b/ or /p/). Specifically, the outcome is reported as percent of stimuli classified as /p/ over varying F0 with VOT held constant.
Supratemporal Neural Response to Change in Listening Context
Time frame: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total
Neural activity was measured via sEEG monitoring as indicated by high-gamma band activity in the electrical signal. Neural activity will be measured as participants listen to acoustic stimuli in accented speech. The un-transformed voltage represents the difference in electric potential between a specific electrode contact and the reference electrode contact; since we use a common average reference, that means it's the difference between a specific electrode contact and the mean voltage across all electrodes. We then z-score to characterize shifts from baseline activity (where z = 0) at a specific electrode, which is believed to measure changes in voltage due largely to post-synaptic currents. This is a mathematical transformation rather than a published scale or standardized assessment. More extreme z-scores (+ or -) indicate a greater change from baseline local neural activity; in other words, stimuli evoked greater activity in this region.
Behavioral Impact of Change in Listening Context
Time frame: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total
Behavioral responses in the form of a category judgment will be obtained as participants listen to acoustic stimuli in a varied listening context: accented speech. Participants will provide a behavioral response by indicating the phoneme perceived at the beginning of stimulus words (/b/ or /p/). Specifically, the outcome is reported as the mean % of stimuli classified as /p/ with varying VOT and F0 relationships.
2 secondary outcomes
Neural Response of Non-Regions of Interest to Change in Acoustic-Dimension
Time frame: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total
Neural Response of Non-Regions of Interest to Change in Listening Context
Time frame: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Sep 2025.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. The individual deidentified participant data intended to be shared include the individual participant data that underlie the results to be reported in published articles after deidentification. Other documents that will be made available include the study protocol and statistical analysis plan. Data will be available as soon as possible following publication, but no later than one year upon completion. There is no end date. IPD will be made available for any purpose via open access.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Taylor J Abel, MD principal investigator
University of Pittsburgh
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Dimension-Based Statistical Learning in people with Epilepsy, run by University of Pittsburgh at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 7 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Sep 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 8 Sep 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Supratemporal Neural Response to Change in Acoustic-Phonetic Dimensions (time frame: During sEEG-EEG recording sessions, up to 3 hours total). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Sep 2025.