PreDiabetesPRIMENCT05214209
Diabetes Prevention and Prediabetes Management in Adult
A study testing Digital health supported in people with PreDiabetes, run by Monash University at 1 site in Malaysia.
Trial summary
Currently, an estimated 3.9 million Malaysians continue to live with diabetes with many more who live with prediabetes. Diabetes was the one of the leading causes of death in the Malaysia and the leading cause for kidney failure, lower-limb amputations, and adult-onset blindness. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 99 years
- Conditions the study is for
- PreDiabetes
- What is being tested?
- Digital health supported
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 10 participants
- Where
- 1 siteMalaysia
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2022to 31 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 99 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Aged 18 years and above
- BMI 23 and above
- HbA1c 5.7 - 6.3%
Who cannot join
- Unable to give informed consent
- Pregnant or lactating
- Established diabetes
- Terminal illness
- Does not own a mobile phone
- Plans to relocate to an area or travel plans that do not permit full participation in the study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Addressing Disparity in Diabetes Prevention Through Digital Health Supported PRe-diabetes Intervention, Management and Evaluation (PRIME) Program Based in Malaysian Community Pharmacies: A Pilot Study
Currently, an estimated 3.9 million Malaysians continue to live with diabetes with many more who live with prediabetes. Diabetes was the one of the leading causes of death in the Malaysia and the leading cause for kidney failure, lower-limb amputations, and adult-onset blindness. Heart disease and stroke are two to four times more likely for individuals with diabetes. The use of mHealth or mobile health application can reduce blood sugar among individuals with prediabetes but also prevent a later occurrence of diabetes. In this study, the investigators aim to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a digital health supported pre-diabetes management program based in an urban community pharmacy setting
Read the detailed description
Pre-diabetes is an intermediate state of hyperglycaemia with glycaemic parameters above normal but below the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) threshold. It was estimated that >25% of individuals who are pre-diabetic convert to T2DM within 3-5 years and 70% of individuals with pre-diabetes will develop into full-fledge T2DM within their lifetimes. According to the 2017 estimate, the disease burden of pre-diabetes at Western Pacific region was 7.6% (126.7 millions). The situation is more alarming in Malaysia where a national pre-diabetes prevalence of 22.1% was noted. Currently available support and self-care services offered in Public Hospitals such as the Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Adherence Clinics (DMTAC) are managed based on the in-person appointment basis. Most of the clinics are available only in specific locations. The need to travel long distance as well as long waiting hours has deterred the success of the programs. This is particularly true for the urban poor who are less likely to take time off from work than those from the higher income group. It is also noteworthy to state that the management program when available, generally target the diagnosed T2DM patients.
Studies have shown that individuals with pre-diabetes can substantially reduce their risk of progression to T2DM via participation in evidence-based lifestyle change programs. Previous reports have recorded 54-58% reduction in risk for development to T2DM over 1-3 years with the protective benefit persisting up to 10 years following completion of the program. However, there are several considerations when implementing effective lifestyle intervention program among the pre-diabetes populations in Malaysia. The intervention program should easily be accessible and not confined to public primary and secondary healthcare centres which are already suffering from an overcapacity. Furthermore, consultation should be provided by properly trained healthcare professionals while the ease of communication between the patients and the "lifestyle coach" should be made available.
The advancement of information technology coupled with the increasing availability and acceptance of internet and mobile devices provide useful opportunities for application of wireless and mobile technology in order to enhance self-management of chronic conditions. The incorporation of digital technologies can improve patient adherence and facilitate real-time monitoring of vital biological measurements (i.e. via wearable). Additionally, the "mobile health" (mHealth) services are easily scalable, thus providing opportunities to a greater public accessibility and narrow the disparity in access to disease management. In this study, the investigators propose to pilot a digital health supported pre-diabetes management program based in an urban community pharmacy setting
- Conditions
- PreDiabetes
- Being tested
- Digital health supported, Usual care
- Keywords
- Digital Health, Mobile Health, Lifestyle Program, Prediabetes
- Medical subject headings
- Prediabetic State
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Digital health supportedBehavioural
Participants will be issued a fitness tracker, a Bluetooth enabled glucometer, and a custom developed app which they can communicate digitally to the study investigators either as a group or individually. In the beginning of the study, participants will be taught on how to use the program, how to interact with their coach, and the importance of maintaining motivation throughout the program. Participants will have access to a pharmacist-participant messaging, group messaging, daily challenges for behavior change, education articles (weekly bite-sized content over 4 weeks), food logging, steps and exercise logging, and feedback. They will be asked to log their weight, meals, and physical activity within the program on a weekly basis. Pharmacist will monitor participant progress through a web-based dashboard. Community pharmacist will be assisting users in setting specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-based goals on a weekly basis.
Usual careBehavioural
Participants will be issued a fitness tracker and Bluetooth enabled glucometer but these functions will not be enabled or linked to any app. All participants will be given physical tracking sheets to log in their food intake, blood glucose levels and food diary but will not have access to a personal coaching. Participants are free to seek any assistance for their medical care during the study period.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention arm | Experimental | Participants receiving the phone app together with a fitness tracker. All participants will receive the educational curriculum over a period of 4 weeks through the app. The mobile app allows secure patient monitoring through a participant dashboard that the coach can use to increase patient adherence and motivation to achieve goals. The participant can use the app to log their food intake, weight, steps, exercise, in addition to participating in the peer support via the chat function. Participants will also receive regular care and follow up in community pharmacies for support. Receives: Behavioral: Digital health supported |
| Usual care arm | Active comparator | The control group will be a "usual care" condition in which participants are free to seek any assistance for their medical care during the study period. Participants will be given physical tracking sheets to record their food intake, weight, steps and exercises. Receives: Behavioral: Usual care |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Feasibility of mobile app assessed by the engagement rate with the mobile app
Engagement rate with the mobile app will be measured via time spend on using the app functions, measured in hours.
Measured: 1 month
Acceptability of mobile app assessed by a semi-structured interview
Semi-structured interview focusing on users experience will be conducted post-intervention.
Measured: 1 month
Secondary outcomes (9)
Change in health related quality of life as accessed by EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L)
The questionnaire assess patient's health state in 5 dimensions- anxiety/depression, mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort. Each dimension can be scored from 1 - 5, summing up to a total score of between 5 - 25. A lower score representing a better health state.
Measured: Baseline, 1 month
Change in dietary practice
3-Day diet recall to assess changes in food intake
Measured: Baseline, 1 month
Change in physical activity
Physical Activity Questionnaire (short form) (IPAQ) to obtain internationally comparable data on health-related physical activity. Time spent on physical activities will be measured and converted into metabolic equivalent for task (MET). A lower MET indicates a lower physical activity level.
Measured: Baseline, 1 month
Change in blood pressure
Systolic and diastolic pressures will be collected during the study period, unit in mmHg
Measured: Baseline, 1 month
Change in lipid profile
HDL, LDL, triglycerides and total cholesterol levels will be collected, unit in mmol/L
Measured: Baseline, 1 month
Change in knowledge, attitude and practice towards prediabetes
Knowledge Attitude Practice-Prediabetes Assessment Questionnaire (KAP-PAQ) questionnaire will be administered pre- and post intervention. The minimum total score is 14 while the maximum total score is 91. A higher score indicating a better knowledge, attitude and practice.
Measured: Baseline, 1 month
Change in weight
Weight Loss by % of change and total weight change (kg).
Measured: Baseline, 1 month
Change in body fat composition
Body fat composition change measured in % change.
Measured: Baseline, 1 month
Change in waist-to-hip ratio
Waist circumference and hip circumference measured in centimetres.
Measured: Baseline, 1 month
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted28 Jan 2022
- Study start1 Mar 2022
- Primary completion30 Nov 2024
- Study completion31 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for PreDiabetesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 10 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Monash University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Caring Pharmacy, Bionime Corporation
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Shaun Lee Wen Huey, Monash University Malaysia
- Investigators
- Shaun Lee, PhD, Principal investigator, Monash University MalaysiaChun Wie Chong, PhD, Principal investigator, Monash University Malaysia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05214209
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- PRIME (pilot)
- Acronym
- PRIME
- Status last verified
- May 2025
- First submitted
- 15 Dec 2021
- Last updated
- 8 May 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: We plan to share any related individual participant data within reasonable request which can be obtained from the principal investigators
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 May 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Addressing Disparity in Diabetes Prevention Through Digital Health Supported PRe-diabetes Intervention, Management and Evaluation (PRIME) Program Based in Malaysian Community Pharmacies: A Pilot Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05214209
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PRIME / PRIME (pilot)
- Conditions
- PreDiabetes
- Keywords
- Digital Health, Mobile Health, Lifestyle Program, Prediabetes
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 10 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Monash UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Caring Pharmacy, Bionime Corporation
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Nov 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 28 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Currently, an estimated 3.9 million Malaysians continue to live with diabetes with many more who live with prediabetes. Diabetes was the one of the leading causes of death in the Malaysia and the leading cause for kidney failure, lower-limb amputations, and adult-onset blindness. Heart disease and stroke are two to four times more likely for individuals with diabetes. The use of mHealth or mobile health application can reduce blood sugar among individuals with prediabetes but also prevent a later occurrence of diabetes. In this study, the investigators aim to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of a digital health supported pre-diabetes management program based in an urban community pharmacy setting
Detailed description
Pre-diabetes is an intermediate state of hyperglycaemia with glycaemic parameters above normal but below the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) threshold. It was estimated that >25% of individuals who are pre-diabetic convert to T2DM within 3-5 years and 70% of individuals with pre-diabetes will develop into full-fledge T2DM within their lifetimes. According to the 2017 estimate, the disease burden of pre-diabetes at Western Pacific region was 7.6% (126.7 millions). The situation is more alarming in Malaysia where a national pre-diabetes prevalence of 22.1% was noted. Currently available support and self-care services offered in Public Hospitals such as the Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Adherence Clinics (DMTAC) are managed based on the in-person appointment basis. Most of the clinics are available only in specific locations. The need to travel long distance as well as long waiting hours has deterred the success of the programs. This is particularly true for the urban poor who are less likely to take time off from work than those from the higher income group. It is also noteworthy to state that the management program when available, generally target the diagnosed T2DM patients.
Studies have shown that individuals with pre-diabetes can substantially reduce their risk of progression to T2DM via participation in evidence-based lifestyle change programs. Previous reports have recorded 54-58% reduction in risk for development to T2DM over 1-3 years with the protective benefit persisting up to 10 years following completion of the program. However, there are several considerations when implementing effective lifestyle intervention program among the pre-diabetes populations in Malaysia. The intervention program should easily be accessible and not confined to public primary and secondary healthcare centres which are already suffering from an overcapacity. Furthermore, consultation should be provided by properly trained healthcare professionals while the ease of communication between the patients and the "lifestyle coach" should be made available.
The advancement of information technology coupled with the increasing availability and acceptance of internet and mobile devices provide useful opportunities for application of wireless and mobile technology in order to enhance self-management of chronic conditions. The incorporation of digital technologies can improve patient adherence and facilitate real-time monitoring of vital biological measurements (i.e. via wearable). Additionally, the "mobile health" (mHealth) services are easily scalable, thus providing opportunities to a greater public accessibility and narrow the disparity in access to disease management. In this study, the investigators propose to pilot a digital health supported pre-diabetes management program based in an urban community pharmacy setting
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Double blind (participant, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention arm | Experimental | Behavioral: Digital health supportedParticipants receiving the phone app together with a fitness tracker. All participants will receive the educational curriculum over a period of 4 weeks through the app. The mobile app allows secure patient monitoring through a participant dashboard that the coach can use to increase patient adherence and motivation to achieve goals. The participant can use the app to log their food intake, weight, steps, exercise, in addition to participating in the peer support via the chat function. Participants will also receive regular care and follow up in community pharmacies for support. |
| Usual care arm | Active comparator | Behavioral: Usual careThe control group will be a "usual care" condition in which participants are free to seek any assistance for their medical care during the study period. Participants will be given physical tracking sheets to record their food intake, weight, steps and exercises. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 99 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Aged 18 years and above
- BMI 23 and above
- HbA1c 5.7 - 6.3%
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Unable to give informed consent
- Pregnant or lactating
- Established diabetes
- Terminal illness
- Does not own a mobile phone
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Digital health supportedParticipants will be issued a fitness tracker, a Bluetooth enabled glucometer, and a custom developed app which they can communicate digitally to the study investigators either as a group or individually. In the beginning of the study, participants will be taught on how to use the program, how to interact with their coach, and the importance of maintaining motivation throughout the program. Participants will have access to a pharmacist-participant messaging, group messaging, daily challenges for behavior change, education articles (weekly bite-sized content over 4 weeks), food logging, steps and exercise logging, and feedback. They will be asked to log their weight, meals, and physical activity within the program on a weekly basis. Pharmacist will monitor participant progress through a web-based dashboard. Community pharmacist will be assisting users in setting specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-based goals on a weekly basis. | Behavioural | Intervention arm |
| Usual careParticipants will be issued a fitness tracker and Bluetooth enabled glucometer but these functions will not be enabled or linked to any app. All participants will be given physical tracking sheets to log in their food intake, blood glucose levels and food diary but will not have access to a personal coaching. Participants are free to seek any assistance for their medical care during the study period. | Behavioural | Usual care arm |
Primary outcome
Feasibility of mobile app assessed by the engagement rate with the mobile app
Time frame: 1 month
Engagement rate with the mobile app will be measured via time spend on using the app functions, measured in hours.
Acceptability of mobile app assessed by a semi-structured interview
Time frame: 1 month
Semi-structured interview focusing on users experience will be conducted post-intervention.
9 secondary outcomes
Change in health related quality of life as accessed by EuroQol (EQ-5D-5L)
Time frame: Baseline, 1 month
Change in dietary practice
Time frame: Baseline, 1 month
Change in physical activity
Time frame: Baseline, 1 month
Change in blood pressure
Time frame: Baseline, 1 month
Change in lipid profile
Time frame: Baseline, 1 month
Change in knowledge, attitude and practice towards prediabetes
Time frame: Baseline, 1 month
Change in weight
Time frame: Baseline, 1 month
Change in body fat composition
Time frame: Baseline, 1 month
Change in waist-to-hip ratio
Time frame: Baseline, 1 month
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 May 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. We plan to share any related individual participant data within reasonable request which can be obtained from the principal investigators
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Shaun Lee, PhD principal investigator
Monash University Malaysia
Chun Wie Chong, PhD principal investigator
Monash University Malaysia
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Digital health supported in people with PreDiabetes, run by Monash University at 1 site in Malaysia.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 May 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Malaysia. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Feasibility of mobile app assessed by the engagement rate with the mobile app (time frame: 1 month). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 May 2025.