InfertilityNCT05218382
Pain Relief Using VR in Oocyte Retreival
A study testing Virtual reality and No virtual reality in people with Infertility and Pain, run by The University of Hong Kong at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
Title: A randomized study on use of virtual reality technology for pain relief in transvaginal oocyte retrieval under conscious sedation Objectives: The study is to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in pain relief during transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval (TUGOR) under conscious sedation… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 42 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Infertility, Pain
- What is being tested?
- Virtual reality and No virtual reality
- Type of treatment
- Medical device
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 160 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 1 Dec 2022to 1 Feb 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 42 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- - women aged > 18 years and <43 years
- understand Chinese
- undergoing transvaginal oocyte retrieval on both sides
Who cannot join
- Had known allergy to pethidine, diazepam or local anaesthetics
- Had oocyte retrieval performed on one ovary only
- History of claustrophobia/ susceptible to motion sickness
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: A Randomized Study on Use of Virtual Reality Technology for Pain Relief in Transvaginal Oocyte Retrieval Under Conscious Sedation
Title: A randomized study on use of virtual reality technology for pain relief in transvaginal oocyte retrieval under conscious sedation Objectives: The study is to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in pain relief during transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval (TUGOR) under conscious sedation Hypothesis to be tested: VR can reduce the pain level during TUGOR. Design and subjects: This is a randomized study on additional use of VR during TUGOR. A total of 160 women undergoing oocyte retrieval on both ovaries will be recruited and randomized to one of the following groups: active and placebo groups. Those with known allergy to pethidine, diazepam or local anaesthetics; and history of claustrophobia/ susceptible to motion sickness will be excluded.
Instruments: Immersive VR Interventions: All received women will receive the standard conscious sedation with 25mg IV pethidine and 5mg IV diazepam; and paracervical block of 10ml 1% lignocaine. VR headset will be put on for every woman. It will only be switched on for the active VR group but not the placebo VR group.
Read more
Main outcome measures: The primary outcome measure is the maximal abdominal pain levels during TUGOR measured by a 100mm linear visual analogue scale prior. Secondary outcome measures include the pain of vaginal puncture and the abdominal pain four hours after the procedure prior to discharge from hospital.
Data analysis and expected results: Data will be analysed on intention to treat basis and per protocol. Demographic features of the study groups will be compared. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test will be used for categorical variables. Mann-Whitney U test will be used to compare the continuous variables between groups. P values of <0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
Read the detailed description
Introduction Transvaginal ultrasound guided oocyte retrieval is an essential process in in-vitro fertilization. The procedure lasts for around 10-15 minutes and is considered as a painful procedure. Different modalities of pain relief methods are used including paracervical blocks(1-3), conscious sedation (4, 5), spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia (6). Conscious sedation with anaesthesia was the commonly chosen method in assisted reproduction technology centers; as it enhances a faster post-procedure recovery and less anaesthetic risks as compared with general anaesthesia.
Recently, the use of immersive virtual reality technology has been applied in pain control in different medical fields especially in paediatrics, oncology and burn patients (7, 8). It provides a distraction from the acute pain during procedures and its effectiveness has been shown in meta-analysis (9, 10). In gynaecology, use of VR can significantly reduce the pain in ambulatory hysteroscopy (score 6.0 versus 3.7, p = 0.0009) (11). Another group of investigators also initiated a study on VR as pain relief in hysterosalpingogram (12). While, there is no study evaluating the use of VR in transvaginal oocyte retrieval.
In view of that, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of VR in pain relief during transvaginal oocyte retrieval under conscious sedation.
Trial objectives and hypothesis:
The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of VR in pain relief during transvaginal oocyte retrieval using conscious sedation.
Hypothesis VR can reduce the pain experienced during transvaginal oocyte retrieval using conscious sedation.
Trial design This is a randomized study on additional use of VR during transvaginal oocyte retrieval using conscious sedation. All subjects will receive the standard conscious sedation with 25mg IV pethidine and 5mg IV diazepam; and paracervical local anaesthetic 10ml 1% lignocaine. In addition, they will be randomized to receive immersive VR or not.
Treatment of subjects:
Women undergoing in-vitro fertilization at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Queen Mary Hospital will be assessed for eligibility. Eligible women will be recruited for the study and informed written consent will be obtained after written and oral information.
Eligible women recruited will be randomly assigned on the day of oocyte retrieval according to a computer-generated randomization list into one of the following two groups.
- VR group - The women will receive Immersive VR.
- Placebo group - They will have the VR headset put on but blank screen. Blinding of the subjects is not possible due to the nature of the intervention.
Ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval will be performed according to departmental Standard Operating Procedures. The VR headset will be put on prior to oocyte retrieval and it will be turned on in the VR group only. The headset will be cleansed with wipes after each use. Disposable hygiene masks will be used below the headset.
25mg Pethidine and 5mg Diazepam will be given intravenously. The blood pressure and pulse of the women are checked after the drug administration and the oxygen saturation is monitored continuously throughout the procedure. 10ml 1% lignocaine is injected to the paracervical region by the operating surgeon with a 21-gauge needle after cleansing of the vagina and cervix with chlorhexidine. Under transvaginal ultrasound guidance, a 16-gauge ovum aspiration needle is introduced. Aspiration of follicles without flushing is performed with a suction pressure of 100mmHg.
Assessment of anxiety Shortly after hospital admission in the morning, women will complete the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) questionnaire before oocyte retrieval to assess their trait and state anxiety.
Assessment of pain levels and sedation levels The women will be asked to rate according to a 100mm linear visual analogue scale prior to start of procedure, within 5 minutes after the procedure and four hours after the procedure prior to discharge from hospital.
They will be asked to rate:
- The anticipated pain during the procedure
- The worst pain during the procedure
The surgeon will score the sedation level of the women according to the scale described by Ramsay et al., at the end of the operation. Level 1: Patient anxious and agitated or restless or both; Level 2: Patient co-operative, orientated, and tranquil; Level 3: Patient responsive to commands only; Level 4: Asleep and a brisk response to loud auditory stimulus; Level 5: Asleep and a sluggish response to loud auditory stimulus; Level 6: Asleep and no response to loud auditory stimulus.
Any adverse effects experienced such as (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness will be recorded.
They will be asked to complete the client satisfaction questionnaire before discharge.
Basic demographic data will be collected including age, indication of infertility, number of oocytes obtained, and duration of procedure.
No extra follow-up visits will be arranged solely for the study unless considered necessary by the investigators.
- Conditions
- Infertility, Pain
- Being tested
- Virtual reality, No virtual reality
- Keywords
- VR, IVF, oocyte retrieval, pain levels
- Medical subject headings
- Infertility, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Virtual realityDevice
immersive virtual reality technology
No virtual realityDevice
Virtual reality with blank screen
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| VR group | Experimental | The participants will have the the virtual reality headset with immersive virtual reality. Receives: Device: Virtual reality |
| Placeob group | Placebo comparator | The participants will have the virtual reality headset put on but blank screen. Receives: Device: No virtual reality |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain levels
maximal pain level during oocyte retrieval experienced by the participants measured by visual analog scale from 0-100 (maximum); higher levels mean mean painful
Measured: Day 0
Secondary outcomes (3)
level of unpleasantness
level of unpleasantness during oocyte retrieval (nil, mild, moderate and severe)
Measured: Day 0
client satisfaction questionnaire score
scoring of client satisfaction questionnaire from 10 (minimum) to 40 (maximum); higher scores mean higher satisfaction
Measured: Day 0
Ongoing pregnancy rate
Pregnancy rate at 8-10 weeks
Measured: 10 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Feb 2022
- Study start1 Dec 2022
- Primary completion1 Oct 2023
- Study completion1 Feb 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (13)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for InfertilityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by The University of Hong KongThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Randomized controlled superiority trial
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 160 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- The University of Hong Kong
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Professor Ernest Hung-Yu Ng, The University of Hong Kong
- Investigators
- Ernest HY Ng, MD, Study director, The University of Hong Kong
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05218382
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- TUGOR-VR
- Status last verified
- May 2024
- First submitted
- 18 Dec 2021
- Last updated
- 8 May 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: No similar studies in this area
Publications
Ng EH, Miao B, Ho PC. A randomized double-blind study to compare the effectiveness of three different doses of lignocaine used in paracervical block during oocyte retrieval. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2003 Jan;20(1):8-12. doi: 10.1023/a:1021202604049.
PubMed 12645862Ng EH, Tang OS, Chui DK, Ho PC. Comparison of two different doses of lignocaine used in paracervical block during oocyte collection in an IVF programme. Hum Reprod. 2000 Oct;15(10):2148-51. doi: 10.1093/humrep/15.10.2148.
PubMed 11006189Ng EH, Tang OS, Chui DK, Ho PC. A prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of paracervical block in the pain relief during egg collection in IVF. Hum Reprod. 1999 Nov;14(11):2783-7. doi: 10.1093/humrep/14.11.2783.
PubMed 10548622Kwan I, Wang R, Pearce E, Bhattacharya S. Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 15;5(5):CD004829. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004829.pub4.
PubMed 29761478Lai SF, Lam MT, Li HWR, Ng EHY. A randomized double-blinded non-inferiority trial comparing fentanyl and midazolam with pethidine and diazepam for pain relief during oocyte retrieval. Reprod Biomed Online. 2020 May;40(5):653-660. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.01.021. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
PubMed 32299734Roest I, Buisman ETIA, van der Steeg JW, Koks CAM. Different methods of pain relief for IVF and ICSI oocyte retrieval - A Dutch survey. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. 2019 Jun 15;4:100065. doi: 10.1016/j.eurox.2019.100065. eCollection 2019 Oct.
PubMed 31517299Dunn J, Yeo E, Moghaddampour P, Chau B, Humbert S. Virtual and augmented reality in the treatment of phantom limb pain: A literature review. NeuroRehabilitation. 2017;40(4):595-601. doi: 10.3233/NRE-171447.
PubMed 28211829Indovina P, Barone D, Gallo L, Chirico A, De Pietro G, Giordano A. Virtual Reality as a Distraction Intervention to Relieve Pain and Distress During Medical Procedures: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Clin J Pain. 2018 Sep;34(9):858-877. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000599.
PubMed 29485536Mallari B, Spaeth EK, Goh H, Boyd BS. Virtual reality as an analgesic for acute and chronic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain Res. 2019 Jul 3;12:2053-2085. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S200498. eCollection 2019.
PubMed 31308733Ahmad M, Bani Mohammad E, Anshasi HA. Virtual Reality Technology for Pain and Anxiety Management among Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review. Pain Manag Nurs. 2020 Dec;21(6):601-607. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2020.04.002. Epub 2020 May 15.
PubMed 32423641Deo N, Khan KS, Mak J, Allotey J, Gonzalez Carreras FJ, Fusari G, Benn J. Virtual reality for acute pain in outpatient hysteroscopy: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2021 Jan;128(1):87-95. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16377. Epub 2020 Jul 22.
PubMed 32575151Wang YL, Gao HX, Wang JS, Wang JH, Bo L, Zhang TT, Dai YL, Gao LL, Liu Q, Zhang JJ, Cai JM, Yu JQ, Li YX. Immersive virtual reality as analgesia for women during hysterosalpingography: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2020 Jan 20;21(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-4023-y.
PubMed 31959220Ng CSM, Tong PYW, Wong E, Cheng HHY, Ko JKY, Li RHW, Ng EHY. Randomized controlled study on the use of virtual reality for pain relief in oocyte retrieval under transvaginal ultrasound guidance using paracervical block and conscious sedation. Hum Reprod. 2025 Dec 1;40(12):2310-2317. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deaf188.
PubMed 40974211
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 May 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Randomized Study on Use of Virtual Reality Technology for Pain Relief in Transvaginal Oocyte Retrieval Under Conscious Sedation
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05218382
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- TUGOR-VR
- Conditions
- Infertility, Pain
- Keywords
- VR, IVF, oocyte retrieval, pain levels
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 160 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- The University of Hong KongUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Oct 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Feb 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 1 Feb 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Title: A randomized study on use of virtual reality technology for pain relief in transvaginal oocyte retrieval under conscious sedation Objectives: The study is to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in pain relief during transvaginal ultrasound-guided oocyte retrieval (TUGOR) under conscious sedation Hypothesis to be tested: VR can reduce the pain level during TUGOR. Design and subjects: This is a randomized study on additional use of VR during TUGOR. A total of 160 women undergoing oocyte retrieval on both ovaries will be recruited and randomized to one of the following groups: active and placebo groups. Those with known allergy to pethidine, diazepam or local anaesthetics; and history of claustrophobia/ susceptible to motion sickness will be excluded.
Instruments: Immersive VR Interventions: All received women will receive the standard conscious sedation with 25mg IV pethidine and 5mg IV diazepam; and paracervical block of 10ml 1% lignocaine. VR headset will be put on for every woman. It will only be switched on for the active VR group but not the placebo VR group.
Main outcome measures: The primary outcome measure is the maximal abdominal pain levels during TUGOR measured by a 100mm linear visual analogue scale prior. Secondary outcome measures include the pain of vaginal puncture and the abdominal pain four hours after the procedure prior to discharge from hospital.
Data analysis and expected results: Data will be analysed on intention to treat basis and per protocol. Demographic features of the study groups will be compared. Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test will be used for categorical variables. Mann-Whitney U test will be used to compare the continuous variables between groups. P values of <0.05 will be considered statistically significant.
Detailed description
Introduction Transvaginal ultrasound guided oocyte retrieval is an essential process in in-vitro fertilization. The procedure lasts for around 10-15 minutes and is considered as a painful procedure. Different modalities of pain relief methods are used including paracervical blocks(1-3), conscious sedation (4, 5), spinal anaesthesia and general anaesthesia (6). Conscious sedation with anaesthesia was the commonly chosen method in assisted reproduction technology centers; as it enhances a faster post-procedure recovery and less anaesthetic risks as compared with general anaesthesia.
Recently, the use of immersive virtual reality technology has been applied in pain control in different medical fields especially in paediatrics, oncology and burn patients (7, 8). It provides a distraction from the acute pain during procedures and its effectiveness has been shown in meta-analysis (9, 10). In gynaecology, use of VR can significantly reduce the pain in ambulatory hysteroscopy (score 6.0 versus 3.7, p = 0.0009) (11). Another group of investigators also initiated a study on VR as pain relief in hysterosalpingogram (12). While, there is no study evaluating the use of VR in transvaginal oocyte retrieval.
In view of that, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of VR in pain relief during transvaginal oocyte retrieval under conscious sedation.
Trial objectives and hypothesis:
The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of VR in pain relief during transvaginal oocyte retrieval using conscious sedation.
Hypothesis VR can reduce the pain experienced during transvaginal oocyte retrieval using conscious sedation.
Trial design This is a randomized study on additional use of VR during transvaginal oocyte retrieval using conscious sedation. All subjects will receive the standard conscious sedation with 25mg IV pethidine and 5mg IV diazepam; and paracervical local anaesthetic 10ml 1% lignocaine. In addition, they will be randomized to receive immersive VR or not.
Treatment of subjects:
Women undergoing in-vitro fertilization at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Queen Mary Hospital will be assessed for eligibility. Eligible women will be recruited for the study and informed written consent will be obtained after written and oral information.
Eligible women recruited will be randomly assigned on the day of oocyte retrieval according to a computer-generated randomization list into one of the following two groups.
- VR group - The women will receive Immersive VR.
- Placebo group - They will have the VR headset put on but blank screen. Blinding of the subjects is not possible due to the nature of the intervention.
Ovarian stimulation and oocyte retrieval will be performed according to departmental Standard Operating Procedures. The VR headset will be put on prior to oocyte retrieval and it will be turned on in the VR group only. The headset will be cleansed with wipes after each use. Disposable hygiene masks will be used below the headset.
25mg Pethidine and 5mg Diazepam will be given intravenously. The blood pressure and pulse of the women are checked after the drug administration and the oxygen saturation is monitored continuously throughout the procedure. 10ml 1% lignocaine is injected to the paracervical region by the operating surgeon with a 21-gauge needle after cleansing of the vagina and cervix with chlorhexidine. Under transvaginal ultrasound guidance, a 16-gauge ovum aspiration needle is introduced. Aspiration of follicles without flushing is performed with a suction pressure of 100mmHg.
Assessment of anxiety Shortly after hospital admission in the morning, women will complete the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) questionnaire before oocyte retrieval to assess their trait and state anxiety.
Assessment of pain levels and sedation levels The women will be asked to rate according to a 100mm linear visual analogue scale prior to start of procedure, within 5 minutes after the procedure and four hours after the procedure prior to discharge from hospital.
They will be asked to rate:
- The anticipated pain during the procedure
- The worst pain during the procedure
The surgeon will score the sedation level of the women according to the scale described by Ramsay et al., at the end of the operation. Level 1: Patient anxious and agitated or restless or both; Level 2: Patient co-operative, orientated, and tranquil; Level 3: Patient responsive to commands only; Level 4: Asleep and a brisk response to loud auditory stimulus; Level 5: Asleep and a sluggish response to loud auditory stimulus; Level 6: Asleep and no response to loud auditory stimulus.
Any adverse effects experienced such as (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness will be recorded.
They will be asked to complete the client satisfaction questionnaire before discharge.
Basic demographic data will be collected including age, indication of infertility, number of oocytes obtained, and duration of procedure.
No extra follow-up visits will be arranged solely for the study unless considered necessary by the investigators.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Randomized controlled superiority trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| VR group | Experimental | Device: Virtual realityThe participants will have the the virtual reality headset with immersive virtual reality. |
| Placeob group | Placebo comparator | Device: No virtual realityThe participants will have the virtual reality headset put on but blank screen. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 42 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- - women aged > 18 years and <43 years
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Had known allergy to pethidine, diazepam or local anaesthetics
- Had oocyte retrieval performed on one ovary only
- History of claustrophobia/ susceptible to motion sickness
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Virtual realityimmersive virtual reality technology | Device | VR group |
| No virtual realityVirtual reality with blank screen | Device | Placeob group |
Primary outcome
Pain levels
Time frame: Day 0
maximal pain level during oocyte retrieval experienced by the participants measured by visual analog scale from 0-100 (maximum); higher levels mean mean painful
3 secondary outcomes
level of unpleasantness
Time frame: Day 0
client satisfaction questionnaire score
Time frame: Day 0
Ongoing pregnancy rate
Time frame: 10 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 May 2024.
- Results publication: PubMed 12645862Ng EH, Miao B, Ho PC. A randomized double-blind study to compare the effectiveness of three different doses of lignocaine used in paracervical block during oocyte retrieval. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2003 Jan;20(1):8-12. doi: 10.1023/a:1021202604049.
- Results publication: PubMed 11006189Ng EH, Tang OS, Chui DK, Ho PC. Comparison of two different doses of lignocaine used in paracervical block during oocyte collection in an IVF programme. Hum Reprod. 2000 Oct;15(10):2148-51. doi: 10.1093/humrep/15.10.2148.
- Results publication: PubMed 10548622Ng EH, Tang OS, Chui DK, Ho PC. A prospective, randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of paracervical block in the pain relief during egg collection in IVF. Hum Reprod. 1999 Nov;14(11):2783-7. doi: 10.1093/humrep/14.11.2783.
- Results publication: PubMed 29761478Kwan I, Wang R, Pearce E, Bhattacharya S. Pain relief for women undergoing oocyte retrieval for assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 15;5(5):CD004829. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004829.pub4.
- Results publication: PubMed 32299734Lai SF, Lam MT, Li HWR, Ng EHY. A randomized double-blinded non-inferiority trial comparing fentanyl and midazolam with pethidine and diazepam for pain relief during oocyte retrieval. Reprod Biomed Online. 2020 May;40(5):653-660. doi: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2020.01.021. Epub 2020 Jan 31.
- Results publication: PubMed 31517299Roest I, Buisman ETIA, van der Steeg JW, Koks CAM. Different methods of pain relief for IVF and ICSI oocyte retrieval - A Dutch survey. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol X. 2019 Jun 15;4:100065. doi: 10.1016/j.eurox.2019.100065. eCollection 2019 Oct.
- Results publication: PubMed 28211829Dunn J, Yeo E, Moghaddampour P, Chau B, Humbert S. Virtual and augmented reality in the treatment of phantom limb pain: A literature review. NeuroRehabilitation. 2017;40(4):595-601. doi: 10.3233/NRE-171447.
- Results publication: PubMed 29485536Indovina P, Barone D, Gallo L, Chirico A, De Pietro G, Giordano A. Virtual Reality as a Distraction Intervention to Relieve Pain and Distress During Medical Procedures: A Comprehensive Literature Review. Clin J Pain. 2018 Sep;34(9):858-877. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000599.
- Results publication: PubMed 31308733Mallari B, Spaeth EK, Goh H, Boyd BS. Virtual reality as an analgesic for acute and chronic pain in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Pain Res. 2019 Jul 3;12:2053-2085. doi: 10.2147/JPR.S200498. eCollection 2019.
- Results publication: PubMed 32423641Ahmad M, Bani Mohammad E, Anshasi HA. Virtual Reality Technology for Pain and Anxiety Management among Patients with Cancer: A Systematic Review. Pain Manag Nurs. 2020 Dec;21(6):601-607. doi: 10.1016/j.pmn.2020.04.002. Epub 2020 May 15.
- Results publication: PubMed 32575151Deo N, Khan KS, Mak J, Allotey J, Gonzalez Carreras FJ, Fusari G, Benn J. Virtual reality for acute pain in outpatient hysteroscopy: a randomised controlled trial. BJOG. 2021 Jan;128(1):87-95. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.16377. Epub 2020 Jul 22.
- Results publication: PubMed 31959220Wang YL, Gao HX, Wang JS, Wang JH, Bo L, Zhang TT, Dai YL, Gao LL, Liu Q, Zhang JJ, Cai JM, Yu JQ, Li YX. Immersive virtual reality as analgesia for women during hysterosalpingography: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2020 Jan 20;21(1):102. doi: 10.1186/s13063-019-4023-y.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. No similar studies in this area
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ernest HY Ng, MD study director
The University of Hong Kong
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Virtual reality and No virtual reality in people with Infertility and Pain, run by The University of Hong Kong at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 May 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain levels (time frame: Day 0). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05218382, which also lists 13 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 May 2024.