Dental AnxietyNCT05236101
Validation of Child Drawing Hospital Scale (CD: H) and the Place of the Drawing in the Evaluation of Dental Anxiety
A study testing survey research in people with Dental Anxiety and Dental Pain, run by Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Objectives: Our study aimed to perform a Turkish validation study of the Child Drawing: Hospital (CD:H) Scale and evaluate the dental anxiety and pain experienced during the treatment by drawing. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 4 to 13 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Dental Anxiety, Dental Pain, Validation
- What is being tested?
- survey research
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 235 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 20 Nov 2018to 10 May 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 4 to 13 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Patients who have toothache and who have undergone dental treatment (filling and root canal treatment)
- Patients with deep dentin caries who need local anesthesia
- Children between the ages of 4-13
- Patients who are willing to paint and understand commands
- Patients without any mental or physical disability
- Patients whose parents agreed to participate in the study and signed their consent
Who cannot join
- Children not aged 4-13
- Patients with mild to moderate caries who do not need local anesthesia
- Patients who are not willing to paint
- Patients with inadequate hand coordination
- Patients with motor dysfunction
- Children with any systemic illness
Show all 11Show fewer
- Patients with mental or physical disabilities
- Patients with any syndrome
- Patients with color blindness
- Children whose native language is not Turkish
- Patients whose parents refused to participate in the study
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Gaziosmanpaşa University
Tokat Province, 60100
About this study
Objectives: Our study aimed to perform a Turkish validation study of the Child Drawing: Hospital (CD:H) Scale and evaluate the dental anxiety and pain experienced during the treatment by drawing.
Study Design: Pediatric patients between the ages of 4-13 who applied to the Pediatric Dentistry Department between 2018-2020 were included in the study. Following the translation of the CD:H Scale into Turkish and linguistic-cultural validation, the behaviors of pediatric patients during treatment were evaluated with the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale, the pain they experienced during treatment with the Wong- Baker Face Rating Scale, and their anxiety levels were evaluated with the pictures drawn by the patients at the end of the treatment. The data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v23, and the significance level was taken as p <0.05.
Read more
Results: Within the scope of the scale's reliability-validity study, the Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was evaluated with test-retest consistency. For section A,B,C and total score reliability was found to be positive and strong level correlation. Dental anxiety of boys was higher than girls.
Conclusions: The Turkish version of the CD:H Scale is a reliable and valid scale that can be used to evaluate the dental anxiety of Turkish pediatric patients.
- Conditions
- Dental Anxiety, Dental Pain, Validation, Child Drawing Hospital Scale
- Being tested
- survey research
- Medical subject headings
- Toothache
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
survey researchBehavioural
Children with dental treatment were asked to draw pictures.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| CD:H Scale | Experimental | Pictures drawn using the CD:H Scale were evaluated. Receives: Behavioral: survey research |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Turkish Validation of the Child Drawing Hospital Scale
Using the Child Drawing Hospital Scale, the pictures drawn by the patients were interpreted and scored by two researchers (minimum 15, max 205).
Measured: 12 week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 Feb 2022
- Study start20 Nov 2018
- Primary completion1 Aug 2019
- Study completion10 May 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Dental AnxietyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 235 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Halenur Altan, Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05236101
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 17-KAEK-195
- Status last verified
- Feb 2022
- First submitted
- 20 Jan 2022
- Last updated
- 11 Feb 2022
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Ozdemir Celik DS, Deniz E, Demir O, Altan H. Validation of child drawing hospital (CD: H) scale and the role of drawing in the evaluation of Dental anxiety. BMC Oral Health. 2025 Feb 21;25(1):274. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05605-2.
PubMed 39984891
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 11 Feb 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Validation of Child Drawing Hospital Scale (CD: H) and the Place of the Drawing in the Evaluation of Dental Anxiety
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05236101
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 17-KAEK-195
- Conditions
- Dental Anxiety, Dental Pain, Validation, Child Drawing Hospital Scale
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 235 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Tokat Gaziosmanpasa UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 20 Nov 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Aug 2019 (actual)
- Study completion
- 10 May 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 Feb 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Objectives: Our study aimed to perform a Turkish validation study of the Child Drawing: Hospital (CD:H) Scale and evaluate the dental anxiety and pain experienced during the treatment by drawing.
Study Design: Pediatric patients between the ages of 4-13 who applied to the Pediatric Dentistry Department between 2018-2020 were included in the study. Following the translation of the CD:H Scale into Turkish and linguistic-cultural validation, the behaviors of pediatric patients during treatment were evaluated with the Frankl Behavior Rating Scale, the pain they experienced during treatment with the Wong- Baker Face Rating Scale, and their anxiety levels were evaluated with the pictures drawn by the patients at the end of the treatment. The data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences v23, and the significance level was taken as p <0.05.
Results: Within the scope of the scale's reliability-validity study, the Intra-Class Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was evaluated with test-retest consistency. For section A,B,C and total score reliability was found to be positive and strong level correlation. Dental anxiety of boys was higher than girls.
Conclusions: The Turkish version of the CD:H Scale is a reliable and valid scale that can be used to evaluate the dental anxiety of Turkish pediatric patients.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| CD:H Scale | Experimental | Behavioral: survey researchPictures drawn using the CD:H Scale were evaluated. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 4 to 13 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Patients who have toothache and who have undergone dental treatment (filling and root canal treatment)
- Patients with deep dentin caries who need local anesthesia
- Children between the ages of 4-13
- Patients who are willing to paint and understand commands
- Patients without any mental or physical disability
Key exclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Children not aged 4-13
- Patients with mild to moderate caries who do not need local anesthesia
- Patients who are not willing to paint
- Patients with inadequate hand coordination
- Patients with motor dysfunction
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| survey researchChildren with dental treatment were asked to draw pictures. | Behavioural | CD:H Scale |
Primary outcome
Turkish Validation of the Child Drawing Hospital Scale
Time frame: 12 week
Using the Child Drawing Hospital Scale, the pictures drawn by the patients were interpreted and scored by two researchers (minimum 15, max 205).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 11 Feb 2022.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 39984891Ozdemir Celik DS, Deniz E, Demir O, Altan H. Validation of child drawing hospital (CD: H) scale and the role of drawing in the evaluation of Dental anxiety. BMC Oral Health. 2025 Feb 21;25(1):274. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-05605-2.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing survey research in people with Dental Anxiety and Dental Pain, run by Tokat Gaziosmanpasa University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 11 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 11 Feb 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Turkish Validation of the Child Drawing Hospital Scale (time frame: 12 week). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05236101, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 11 Feb 2022.