Palliative CareNCT05270915
End of Life Care in Neonatal Intensive Unite
A study testing Family supportive care in EOLC in people with Palliative Care, run by Hunan Children's Hospital at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
In China, neonatal death on 2019 was 3.5 per 1000 live births, which counts around 57,000 deaths. In mainland China, parents are mostly the main decision-makers in withdrawing life-sustaining treatments in infants and neonatologists often follow the wishes of the parents. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 1 hour to 3 months
- Conditions the study is for
- Palliative Care
- What is being tested?
- Family supportive care in EOLC
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Injection or infusion, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 45 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 6 May 2020to 30 Sep 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 1 hour to 3 months
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Infants whose treatment was withdrawn at Corrected Gestational Age (CGA) less than 28 days and their parents.
Who cannot join
- Infants with an expected time of death less than three hours after NICU admission. Parents were excluded if they had mental health or language issues that might limit their integration and communication with the healthcare team.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Testing a Family Supportive End of Life Care Intervention in a Chinese Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Quasi-experimental Study With a Non-randomized Controlled Trial Design
In China, neonatal death on 2019 was 3.5 per 1000 live births, which counts around 57,000 deaths. In mainland China, parents are mostly the main decision-makers in withdrawing life-sustaining treatments in infants and neonatologists often follow the wishes of the parents. However, there is limited experience in supporting parents after the decision is made to withdraw treatment. The aim of this study was to develop and test a family supportive end-of-life care intervention to decrease parental depression and increase parent satisfaction. Investigators indicated that providing a comfortable environment and supportive care to parents during the final days of life of an infant decrease their depression and increases parent satisfaction. The NICUs in mainland China and beyond might consider involving parents in end-of-life care by providing a single room, have a dedicated psychologist available and provide supportive commemoration materials.
Read the detailed description
Neonatal death often occurs in tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). In China, end-of-life-care (EOLC) does not always involve parents. The aim of this study is to evaluate a parent support intervention to integrate parents at the end of life of their infant in the NICU.
A quasi-experimental study using a non-randomized clinical trial design was conducted between May 2020 and September 2021. Participants were infants in an EOLC pathway in the NICU and their parents. Parents were allocated into a family supportive EOLC intervention group or a standard EOLC group based on their wishes. Primary outcomes were depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for mothers; Hamilton Depression rating scale for fathers) and satisfaction. Student t-test for continuous variables and the Chi-square test categorical variables were used in the statistical analysis.
- Conditions
- Palliative Care
- Being tested
- Family supportive care in EOLC
- Keywords
- neonatal death, end-of-life care, infants, parents, neonatal intensive care, family-centered care
- Medical subject headings
- Perinatal Death
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Family supportive care in EOLCBehavioural
The investigators designed a separated single-bedded EOLC room for the infant and parents. Other family members, such as grandparents or siblings, were allowed to visit the infant and parents. The design of the room included the option for parents to stay comfortably on a sofa to relax and to play soothing music. Parents were encouraged to stay as long as they want and participate in basic care including physical contact with their infant. The nurses supported the parents in creating commemorative items such as a 'Yuan man' box with photos, baby handprint cards, footprint cards, a lock of hair and other precious memory items. A psychologist, in collaboration with our NICU, and a neonatologist supported the parents by individual interviews.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Family supportive EOLC | Experimental | The intervention 'family supportive EOLC' was developed based on the international guidelines of family-centered care (25) with additional aspects of care and support. The investigators designed a separated single-bedded EOLC room for the infant and parents. Other family members, such as grandparents or siblings, were allowed to visit the infant and parents. The design of the room included the option for parents to stay comfortably on a sofa to relax and to play soothing music. Parents were encouraged to stay as long as they want and participate in basic care including physical contact with their infant. The nurses supported the parents in creating commemorative items such as a 'Yuan man' box with photos, baby handprint cards, footprint cards, a lock of hair and other precious memory items. A psychologist, in collaboration with our NICU, and a neonatologist supported the parents by individual interviews. Receives: Behavioral: Family supportive care in EOLC |
| The standard EOLC | Active comparator | The standard EOLC included the international guidance of palliative care and EOLC in neonatology (21-23). In China, parents are often the decision-makers of their infant's treatment and the NICU clinicians usually respect the parent's decision (24). After parents have decided to withdraw treatment, standard EOLC is initiated and includes monitoring of vital signs and withholding or withdrawing rescue procedures such as intubation and intravenous infusion. Unnecessary lines are removed and pain management is provided by analgesia. Comfort care is provided by nurses including basic care such as skin care and oral care. After the infant died, the NICU physician informs the parents by phone. Receives: Behavioral: Family supportive care in EOLC |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Depression reported by parents.
Use the Chinese version of the Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAMD) to evaluate depression among fathers. The Chinese version of the EPDS was used to assess depression among mothers.
The HAMD includes 17 items with a 3 or 5-point Likert answer option scale with a total score of 78. The EPDS includes 10 items with a 4-point Likert answer option scale with a total score of 30. The higher scores means worse outcome.
Measured: Survey completed by both parents one week after discharge.
satisfaction rate
Parent satisfaction was measured by the hospital standard parent satisfaction survey completed by both parents one week after discharge.The parent satisfaction instrument includes 20 items using a 5-point Likert answer option scale with a total score of 100.The higher scores means better outcomes
Measured: Survey completed by both parents one week after discharge.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 Mar 2022
- Study start6 May 2020
- Primary completion20 Sep 2021
- Study completion30 Sep 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Palliative CareStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 45 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Hunan Children's Hospital
- Sponsor type
- Other government
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05270915
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HN08
- Status last verified
- Feb 2022
- First submitted
- 15 Feb 2022
- Last updated
- 8 Mar 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Davidson JE, Aslakson RA, Long AC, Puntillo KA, Kross EK, Hart J, Cox CE, Wunsch H, Wickline MA, Nunnally ME, Netzer G, Kentish-Barnes N, Sprung CL, Hartog CS, Coombs M, Gerritsen RT, Hopkins RO, Franck LS, Skrobik Y, Kon AA, Scruth EA, Harvey MA, Lewis-Newby M, White DB, Swoboda SM, Cooke CR, Levy MM, Azoulay E, Curtis JR. Guidelines for Family-Centered Care in the Neonatal, Pediatric, and Adult ICU. Crit Care Med. 2017 Jan;45(1):103-128. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002169.
PubMed 27984278Silverman WA. A hospice setting for humane neonatal death. Pediatrics. 1982 Feb;69(2):239. No abstract available.
PubMed 7058104Kim S, Savage TA, Hershberger PE, Kavanaugh K. End-of-Life Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units from an Asian Perspective: An Integrative Review of the Research Literature. J Palliat Med. 2019 Jul;22(7):848-857. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2018.0304. Epub 2019 Jan 11.
PubMed 30632880Haug S, Dye A, Durrani S. End-of-Life Care for Neonates: Assessing and Addressing Pain and Distressing Symptoms. Front Pediatr. 2020 Sep 24;8:574180. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.574180. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 33072678Dombrecht L, Beernaert K, Chambaere K, Cools F, Goossens L, Naulaers G, Cohen J, Deliens L; NICU consortium. End-of-life decisions in neonates and infants: a population-level mortality follow-back study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2022 May;107(3):340-341. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322108. Epub 2021 Jun 15. No abstract available.
PubMed 34131039Veldhuijzen van Zanten S, Ferretti E, MacLean G, Daboval T, Lauzon L, Reuvers E, Vadeboncoeur C. Medications to manage infant pain, distress and end-of-life symptoms in the immediate postpartum period. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2022 Jan;23(1):43-48. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1965574. Epub 2021 Aug 18.
PubMed 34384318Allen JD, Shukla R, Baker R, Slaven JE, Moody K. Improving Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Providers' Perceptions of Palliative Care through a Weekly Case-Based Discussion. Palliat Med Rep. 2021 Apr 16;2(1):93-100. doi: 10.1089/pmr.2020.0121. eCollection 2021.
PubMed 34223508Chen X, Li H, Song J, Sun P, Lin B, Zhao J, Yang C. The Resuscitation of Apparently Stillborn Neonates: A Peek Into the Practice in China. Front Pediatr. 2020 Jun 2;8:231. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00231. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 32582582Maurer DM, Raymond TJ, Davis BN. Depression: Screening and Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Oct 15;98(8):508-515.
PubMed 30277728Nixon N, Guo B, Garland A, Kaylor-Hughes C, Nixon E, Morriss R. The bi-factor structure of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in persistent major depression; dimensional measurement of outcome. PLoS One. 2020 Oct 26;15(10):e0241370. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241370. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 33104761Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;150:782-6. doi: 10.1192/bjp.150.6.782.
PubMed 3651732Zhang R, Tang Q, Zhu LH, Peng XM, Zhang N, Xiong YE, Chen MH, Chen KL, Luo D, Li X, Latour JM. Testing a Family Supportive End of Life Care Intervention in a Chinese Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Quasi-experimental Study With a Non-randomized Controlled Trial Design. Front Pediatr. 2022 Jul 22;10:870382. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.870382. eCollection 2022.
PubMed 35935359
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 8 Mar 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Testing a Family Supportive End of Life Care Intervention in a Chinese Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Quasi-experimental Study With a Non-randomized Controlled Trial Design
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05270915
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HN08
- Conditions
- Palliative Care
- Keywords
- neonatal death, end-of-life care, infants, parents, neonatal intensive care, family-centered care
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 45 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Hunan Children's HospitalOther government
- Study start
- 6 May 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Sep 2021 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 8 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In China, neonatal death on 2019 was 3.5 per 1000 live births, which counts around 57,000 deaths. In mainland China, parents are mostly the main decision-makers in withdrawing life-sustaining treatments in infants and neonatologists often follow the wishes of the parents. However, there is limited experience in supporting parents after the decision is made to withdraw treatment. The aim of this study was to develop and test a family supportive end-of-life care intervention to decrease parental depression and increase parent satisfaction. Investigators indicated that providing a comfortable environment and supportive care to parents during the final days of life of an infant decrease their depression and increases parent satisfaction. The NICUs in mainland China and beyond might consider involving parents in end-of-life care by providing a single room, have a dedicated psychologist available and provide supportive commemoration materials.
Detailed description
Neonatal death often occurs in tertiary Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs). In China, end-of-life-care (EOLC) does not always involve parents. The aim of this study is to evaluate a parent support intervention to integrate parents at the end of life of their infant in the NICU.
A quasi-experimental study using a non-randomized clinical trial design was conducted between May 2020 and September 2021. Participants were infants in an EOLC pathway in the NICU and their parents. Parents were allocated into a family supportive EOLC intervention group or a standard EOLC group based on their wishes. Primary outcomes were depression (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for mothers; Hamilton Depression rating scale for fathers) and satisfaction. Student t-test for continuous variables and the Chi-square test categorical variables were used in the statistical analysis.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Family supportive EOLC | Experimental | Behavioral: Family supportive care in EOLCThe intervention 'family supportive EOLC' was developed based on the international guidelines of family-centered care (25) with additional aspects of care and support. The investigators designed a separated single-bedded EOLC room for the infant and parents. Other family members, such as grandparents or siblings, were allowed to visit the infant and parents. The design of the room included the option for parents to stay comfortably on a sofa to relax and to play soothing music. Parents were encouraged to stay as long as they want and participate in basic care including physical contact with their infant. The nurses supported the parents in creating commemorative items such as a 'Yuan man' box with photos, baby handprint cards, footprint cards, a lock of hair and other precious memory items. A psychologist, in collaboration with our NICU, and a neonatologist supported the parents by individual interviews. |
| The standard EOLC | Active comparator | Behavioral: Family supportive care in EOLCThe standard EOLC included the international guidance of palliative care and EOLC in neonatology (21-23). In China, parents are often the decision-makers of their infant's treatment and the NICU clinicians usually respect the parent's decision (24). After parents have decided to withdraw treatment, standard EOLC is initiated and includes monitoring of vital signs and withholding or withdrawing rescue procedures such as intubation and intravenous infusion. Unnecessary lines are removed and pain management is provided by analgesia. Comfort care is provided by nurses including basic care such as skin care and oral care. After the infant died, the NICU physician informs the parents by phone. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 1 hour to 3 months
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Infants whose treatment was withdrawn at Corrected Gestational Age (CGA) less than 28 days and their parents.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Infants with an expected time of death less than three hours after NICU admission. Parents were excluded if they had mental health or language issues that might limit their integration and communication with the healthcare team.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Family supportive care in EOLCThe investigators designed a separated single-bedded EOLC room for the infant and parents. Other family members, such as grandparents or siblings, were allowed to visit the infant and parents. The design of the room included the option for parents to stay comfortably on a sofa to relax and to play soothing music. Parents were encouraged to stay as long as they want and participate in basic care including physical contact with their infant. The nurses supported the parents in creating commemorative items such as a 'Yuan man' box with photos, baby handprint cards, footprint cards, a lock of hair and other precious memory items. A psychologist, in collaboration with our NICU, and a neonatologist supported the parents by individual interviews. | Behavioural | Family supportive EOLC, The standard EOLC |
Primary outcome
Depression reported by parents.
Time frame: Survey completed by both parents one week after discharge.
Use the Chinese version of the Hamilton Depression rating scale (HAMD) to evaluate depression among fathers. The Chinese version of the EPDS was used to assess depression among mothers. The HAMD includes 17 items with a 3 or 5-point Likert answer option scale with a total score of 78. The EPDS includes 10 items with a 4-point Likert answer option scale with a total score of 30. The higher scores means worse outcome.
satisfaction rate
Time frame: Survey completed by both parents one week after discharge.
Parent satisfaction was measured by the hospital standard parent satisfaction survey completed by both parents one week after discharge.The parent satisfaction instrument includes 20 items using a 5-point Likert answer option scale with a total score of 100.The higher scores means better outcomes
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 8 Mar 2022.
- Background: PubMed 27984278Davidson JE, Aslakson RA, Long AC, Puntillo KA, Kross EK, Hart J, Cox CE, Wunsch H, Wickline MA, Nunnally ME, Netzer G, Kentish-Barnes N, Sprung CL, Hartog CS, Coombs M, Gerritsen RT, Hopkins RO, Franck LS, Skrobik Y, Kon AA, Scruth EA, Harvey MA, Lewis-Newby M, White DB, Swoboda SM, Cooke CR, Levy MM, Azoulay E, Curtis JR. Guidelines for Family-Centered Care in the Neonatal, Pediatric, and Adult ICU. Crit Care Med. 2017 Jan;45(1):103-128. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000002169.
- Background: PubMed 7058104Silverman WA. A hospice setting for humane neonatal death. Pediatrics. 1982 Feb;69(2):239. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 30632880Kim S, Savage TA, Hershberger PE, Kavanaugh K. End-of-Life Care in Neonatal Intensive Care Units from an Asian Perspective: An Integrative Review of the Research Literature. J Palliat Med. 2019 Jul;22(7):848-857. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2018.0304. Epub 2019 Jan 11.
- Results publication: PubMed 33072678Haug S, Dye A, Durrani S. End-of-Life Care for Neonates: Assessing and Addressing Pain and Distressing Symptoms. Front Pediatr. 2020 Sep 24;8:574180. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.574180. eCollection 2020.
- Results publication: PubMed 34131039Dombrecht L, Beernaert K, Chambaere K, Cools F, Goossens L, Naulaers G, Cohen J, Deliens L; NICU consortium. End-of-life decisions in neonates and infants: a population-level mortality follow-back study. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2022 May;107(3):340-341. doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-322108. Epub 2021 Jun 15. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 34384318Veldhuijzen van Zanten S, Ferretti E, MacLean G, Daboval T, Lauzon L, Reuvers E, Vadeboncoeur C. Medications to manage infant pain, distress and end-of-life symptoms in the immediate postpartum period. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2022 Jan;23(1):43-48. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2021.1965574. Epub 2021 Aug 18.
- Results publication: PubMed 34223508Allen JD, Shukla R, Baker R, Slaven JE, Moody K. Improving Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Providers' Perceptions of Palliative Care through a Weekly Case-Based Discussion. Palliat Med Rep. 2021 Apr 16;2(1):93-100. doi: 10.1089/pmr.2020.0121. eCollection 2021.
- Results publication: PubMed 32582582Chen X, Li H, Song J, Sun P, Lin B, Zhao J, Yang C. The Resuscitation of Apparently Stillborn Neonates: A Peek Into the Practice in China. Front Pediatr. 2020 Jun 2;8:231. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.00231. eCollection 2020.
- Results publication: PubMed 30277728Maurer DM, Raymond TJ, Davis BN. Depression: Screening and Diagnosis. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Oct 15;98(8):508-515.
- Results publication: PubMed 33104761Nixon N, Guo B, Garland A, Kaylor-Hughes C, Nixon E, Morriss R. The bi-factor structure of the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale in persistent major depression; dimensional measurement of outcome. PLoS One. 2020 Oct 26;15(10):e0241370. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241370. eCollection 2020.
- Results publication: PubMed 3651732Cox JL, Holden JM, Sagovsky R. Detection of postnatal depression. Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Br J Psychiatry. 1987 Jun;150:782-6. doi: 10.1192/bjp.150.6.782.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 35935359Zhang R, Tang Q, Zhu LH, Peng XM, Zhang N, Xiong YE, Chen MH, Chen KL, Luo D, Li X, Latour JM. Testing a Family Supportive End of Life Care Intervention in a Chinese Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: A Quasi-experimental Study With a Non-randomized Controlled Trial Design. Front Pediatr. 2022 Jul 22;10:870382. doi: 10.3389/fped.2022.870382. eCollection 2022.
- World Health Organization. World Health Statistics 2021. Monitoring health for the SDGs.Link provided by the sponsor.
- World Health Organization. Palliative Care. Key Facts.Link provided by the sponsor.
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellent (NICE). End of life care for infants, children and young people with life-limiting conditions: planning and management. NICE guidelineLink provided by the sponsor.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Family supportive care in EOLC in people with Palliative Care, run by Hunan Children's Hospital at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Mar 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Depression reported by parents. (time frame: Survey completed by both parents one week after discharge.). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05270915, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Mar 2022; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 7 Nov 2026.