Functional Movement DisordersNCT05289284
Aspects of Validity of the Single Leg Squat Test: A Cohort Study of Female Soccer Players.
An observational study of Functional Movement Disorders and Reproducibility of Results, run by Karolinska Institutet at 1 site in Sweden.
Trial summary
Movement screening tests to identify deficits or poor movement quality is commonly used in soccer and other sports to assess injury, to evaluate rehabilitation goals and return to sport after injury. Female soccer players have an increased risk of suffering a knee injury which can be related to a poor knee control. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 16 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Functional Movement Disorders, Reproducibility of Results, Sports Medicine
- How many people
- 269 participants
- Where
- 1 siteSweden
- Study dates
- 8 Jan 2022to 21 Dec 2022
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 16 years and older
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Study population: Female soccer players contracted with a club in Damallsvenskan, Elitettan or division 1 for the season 2022.
Who may be able to join
- Female soccer players contracted with a club in Damallsvenskan, Elitettan or division 1 for the season 2022.
- Native in written and spoken Swedish.
- 16 years ol
Who cannot join
- Ongoing injury in the lower extremity that made it impossible to perform the physical baseline assessments, or that the performance may present an additional risk for injury
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Movement screening tests to identify deficits or poor movement quality is commonly used in soccer and other sports to assess injury, to evaluate rehabilitation goals and return to sport after injury.
Female soccer players have an increased risk of suffering a knee injury which can be related to a poor knee control. Knee control can be observed and assessed by the Single Leg Squat (SLS) test. The SLS test is reported to be reliable, but there still is an overall lack of clear evidence of the accuracy for tests used for assessing movement quality in sports medicine, and the discriminate and predictive validity of the SLS test in a female soccer cohort needs to be further investigated. It is also not clear what significance other physiological- psychosocial- and hormonal factors have for the outcome of the SLS and for injury.
Read more
The overall aim of this project is to investigate if the outcome of a visually assessed SLS test can discriminate between individuals with a previous injury in the lower extremity, and if the outcome, separate or together with physiological-, psychosocial- and hormonal factors can predict future injury in a cohort of female soccer players.
The authors hypothesises that the outcome of the SLS cannot discriminate between individuals with a previous injury in the lower extremity but that the outcome of the SLS, separate or together with physiological-, psychosocial- and hormonal factors can predict future injury in a cohort of female soccer players.
269 female soccer players (≥16 Yr.) from Damallsvenskan, Elitettan and division 1 in the area of Stockholm was enrolled in the study and baseline measurements were done during 2022-01-08 to 2022-02-21. The female soccer cohort will be followed during the season 2022 regarding injuries upcoming injuries.
Read the detailed description
Movement screening tests to identify deficits or poor movement quality is commonly used in soccer and other sports to assess injury, to evaluate rehabilitation goals and return to sport after injury.
Female soccer players have an increased risk of suffering a knee injury which can be related to a poor knee control. Knee control can be observed and assessed by the Single Leg Squat (SLS) test which is one of the most commonly used clinical tests for assessing movement quality of the knee and other parts of the kinetic chain. The SLS test is reported to be reliable, but there still is an overall lack of clear evidence of the accuracy for tests used for assessing movement quality in sports medicine, and the discriminate and predictive validity of the SLS test in a female soccer cohort needs to be further investigated.
It is also not clear what significance physiological factors such as the range of ankle dorsi flexion, hip strength and psychosocial factors such as sleep, stress, anxiety and fear of avoidance have for the outcome of the SLS and for injury. Neither has hormonal factors such as self-assessed menstrual cycle, related factors and use of oral contraceptives been clarified regarding its significance in relation to the outcome of the SLS test and injury.
The overall aim of this project is to investigate if the outcome of a visually assessed SLS test can discriminate between individuals with a previous injury in the lower extremity, and if the outcome, separate or together with physiological-, psychosocial- and hormonal factors can predict future injury in a cohort of female soccer players.
- How is the outcome of a SLS test and its separate items associated to physical factors.
- Are the outcome of a SLS test and its separate items able to discriminate between players with and without previous injury in the lower extremity.
- Are the outcome of a SLS test, separate, or together with physical- (hip strength, ankle mobility), psychosocial- (stress, sleep, anxiety, fear of avoidance) and hormonal (self-assessed menstrual cycle, related factors and use of oral contraceptives) factors able to predict injury in the lower extremity measured every four weeks for10 months following the baseline measurements.
The authors hypothesises that the outcome of the SLS cannot discriminate between individuals with a previous injury in the lower extremity but that the outcome of the SLS, separate or together with physiological-, psychosocial- and hormonal factors can predict future injury in a cohort of female soccer players.
Twenty soccer teams from Damallsvenskan, Elitettan and division 1 in the area of Stockholm was contacted in order to recruit at least 200 female soccer players (≥16 Yr.). During autumn 2021 information about the study was sent out to the clubs by e-mail, and for those who wanted to participate, further written and verbal information was given. Before baseline assessment, which started 2022-01-08, information about the project was given verbally and in writing to the soccer players. Baseline assessment included physical assessments as well as psychosocial-, hormonal-, previous injury- and demographic questionnaires. Inclusion criteria was female soccer players contracted with a club in Damallsvenskan, Elitettan or division 1 for the season 2022 who was 16 years or older, and native in written and spoken Swedish. Exclusion was an ongoing injury in the lower extremity that made it impossible to perform the physical baseline assessments, or that the performance may present an additional risk for injury. The physical tests were performed at the local club by the doctoral student John Ressman. The time needed for baseline measurements per participant including physical tests and self-assessed questionnaires was approximately 15-20 minutes. In order to follow up on injuries during the soccer season 2022 a web-based questionnaire, the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC), was used. OSTRC is validated and designed to capture both injuries and overuse injuries in sports injury epidemiology. The web-based questionnaire will be sent via SurveyMonkey © every four weeks for 10 month following the baseline measurement.
- Being tested
- No intervention
- Keywords
- The Single Leg Squat, Discriminative validity, Female Soccer players, Sports Injury
- Medical subject headings
- Conversion Disorder, Athletic Injuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
No interventionOther
No intervention
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Female soccer cohort | A female soccer cohort will be followed for 10 month regarding injuries Receives: Other: No intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Injury
Receiving an injury: time-loss or overuse
Measured: 10 month
The Single Leg Squat
Fail/pass of the Single Leg squat
Measured: Cross sectional at baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted21 Mar 2022
- Study start8 Jan 2022
- Primary completion21 Dec 2022
- Study completion21 Dec 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (2)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Functional Movement DisordersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Karolinska InstitutetThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Enrolment
- 269 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Karolinska Institutet
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Eva Rasmussen Barr, Karolinska Institutet
- Investigators
- Eva Rasmussen Barr, Principal investigator, Karolinska Institutet. Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83 Huddinge
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05289284
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Dnr 2021-05398-02
- Status last verified
- Dec 2023
- First submitted
- 13 Mar 2022
- Last updated
- 13 Dec 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided: The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to ethical regulation at the Karolinska Institute but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Publications
Ressman J, von Rosen P, Rasmussen-Barr E, Grooten WJA. How are biomechanical and psychosocial factors associated with injuries across one season in Swedish elite and sub-elite female soccer players? BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 Sep 17;18(1):435. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-02084-y.
PubMed 42773482Ressman J, von Rosen P, Grooten WJA, Rasmussen-Barr E. Factors associated with the Single Leg Squat test in female soccer players: a cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 Apr 2;16(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-00853-1.
PubMed 38566260
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Dec 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Aspects of Validity of the Single Leg Squat Test: A Cohort Study of Female Soccer Players.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05289284
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Dnr 2021-05398-02
- Keywords
- The Single Leg Squat, Discriminative validity, Female Soccer players, Sports Injury
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 269 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Karolinska InstitutetUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 8 Jan 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 21 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 21 Dec 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 21 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Movement screening tests to identify deficits or poor movement quality is commonly used in soccer and other sports to assess injury, to evaluate rehabilitation goals and return to sport after injury.
Female soccer players have an increased risk of suffering a knee injury which can be related to a poor knee control. Knee control can be observed and assessed by the Single Leg Squat (SLS) test. The SLS test is reported to be reliable, but there still is an overall lack of clear evidence of the accuracy for tests used for assessing movement quality in sports medicine, and the discriminate and predictive validity of the SLS test in a female soccer cohort needs to be further investigated. It is also not clear what significance other physiological- psychosocial- and hormonal factors have for the outcome of the SLS and for injury.
The overall aim of this project is to investigate if the outcome of a visually assessed SLS test can discriminate between individuals with a previous injury in the lower extremity, and if the outcome, separate or together with physiological-, psychosocial- and hormonal factors can predict future injury in a cohort of female soccer players.
The authors hypothesises that the outcome of the SLS cannot discriminate between individuals with a previous injury in the lower extremity but that the outcome of the SLS, separate or together with physiological-, psychosocial- and hormonal factors can predict future injury in a cohort of female soccer players.
269 female soccer players (≥16 Yr.) from Damallsvenskan, Elitettan and division 1 in the area of Stockholm was enrolled in the study and baseline measurements were done during 2022-01-08 to 2022-02-21. The female soccer cohort will be followed during the season 2022 regarding injuries upcoming injuries.
Detailed description
Movement screening tests to identify deficits or poor movement quality is commonly used in soccer and other sports to assess injury, to evaluate rehabilitation goals and return to sport after injury.
Female soccer players have an increased risk of suffering a knee injury which can be related to a poor knee control. Knee control can be observed and assessed by the Single Leg Squat (SLS) test which is one of the most commonly used clinical tests for assessing movement quality of the knee and other parts of the kinetic chain. The SLS test is reported to be reliable, but there still is an overall lack of clear evidence of the accuracy for tests used for assessing movement quality in sports medicine, and the discriminate and predictive validity of the SLS test in a female soccer cohort needs to be further investigated.
It is also not clear what significance physiological factors such as the range of ankle dorsi flexion, hip strength and psychosocial factors such as sleep, stress, anxiety and fear of avoidance have for the outcome of the SLS and for injury. Neither has hormonal factors such as self-assessed menstrual cycle, related factors and use of oral contraceptives been clarified regarding its significance in relation to the outcome of the SLS test and injury.
The overall aim of this project is to investigate if the outcome of a visually assessed SLS test can discriminate between individuals with a previous injury in the lower extremity, and if the outcome, separate or together with physiological-, psychosocial- and hormonal factors can predict future injury in a cohort of female soccer players.
- How is the outcome of a SLS test and its separate items associated to physical factors.
- Are the outcome of a SLS test and its separate items able to discriminate between players with and without previous injury in the lower extremity.
- Are the outcome of a SLS test, separate, or together with physical- (hip strength, ankle mobility), psychosocial- (stress, sleep, anxiety, fear of avoidance) and hormonal (self-assessed menstrual cycle, related factors and use of oral contraceptives) factors able to predict injury in the lower extremity measured every four weeks for10 months following the baseline measurements.
The authors hypothesises that the outcome of the SLS cannot discriminate between individuals with a previous injury in the lower extremity but that the outcome of the SLS, separate or together with physiological-, psychosocial- and hormonal factors can predict future injury in a cohort of female soccer players.
Twenty soccer teams from Damallsvenskan, Elitettan and division 1 in the area of Stockholm was contacted in order to recruit at least 200 female soccer players (≥16 Yr.). During autumn 2021 information about the study was sent out to the clubs by e-mail, and for those who wanted to participate, further written and verbal information was given. Before baseline assessment, which started 2022-01-08, information about the project was given verbally and in writing to the soccer players. Baseline assessment included physical assessments as well as psychosocial-, hormonal-, previous injury- and demographic questionnaires. Inclusion criteria was female soccer players contracted with a club in Damallsvenskan, Elitettan or division 1 for the season 2022 who was 16 years or older, and native in written and spoken Swedish. Exclusion was an ongoing injury in the lower extremity that made it impossible to perform the physical baseline assessments, or that the performance may present an additional risk for injury. The physical tests were performed at the local club by the doctoral student John Ressman. The time needed for baseline measurements per participant including physical tests and self-assessed questionnaires was approximately 15-20 minutes. In order to follow up on injuries during the soccer season 2022 a web-based questionnaire, the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre (OSTRC), was used. OSTRC is validated and designed to capture both injuries and overuse injuries in sports injury epidemiology. The web-based questionnaire will be sent via SurveyMonkey © every four weeks for 10 month following the baseline measurement.
Study design
- Observational model
- Cohort
- Time perspective
- Prospective
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Female soccer cohort | – | Other: No interventionA female soccer cohort will be followed for 10 month regarding injuries |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 16 years and older
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- Female soccer players contracted with a club in Damallsvenskan, Elitettan or division 1 for the season 2022.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Female soccer players contracted with a club in Damallsvenskan, Elitettan or division 1 for the season 2022.
- Native in written and spoken Swedish.
- 16 years ol
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Ongoing injury in the lower extremity that made it impossible to perform the physical baseline assessments, or that the performance may present an additional risk for injury
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| No interventionNo intervention | Other | Female soccer cohort |
Primary outcome
Injury
Time frame: 10 month
Receiving an injury: time-loss or overuse
The Single Leg Squat
Time frame: Cross sectional at baseline
Fail/pass of the Single Leg squat
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Dec 2023.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 42773482Ressman J, von Rosen P, Rasmussen-Barr E, Grooten WJA. How are biomechanical and psychosocial factors associated with injuries across one season in Swedish elite and sub-elite female soccer players? BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2026 Sep 17;18(1):435. doi: 10.1186/s13102-026-02084-y.
- Derived from this study: PubMed 38566260Ressman J, von Rosen P, Grooten WJA, Rasmussen-Barr E. Factors associated with the Single Leg Squat test in female soccer players: a cross-sectional study. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil. 2024 Apr 2;16(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s13102-024-00853-1.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided. The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are not publicly available due to ethical regulation at the Karolinska Institute but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Eva Rasmussen Barr principal investigator
Karolinska Institutet. Alfred Nobels Allé 23, 141 83 Huddinge
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Functional Movement Disorders and Reproducibility of Results, run by Karolinska Institutet at 1 site in Sweden.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Dec 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Sweden. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Injury (time frame: 10 month). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05289284, which also lists 2 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Dec 2023.