Basketball PlayersNCT05307302
Proprioception, Physical Performance, and Passing Accuracy in Adolescent Basketball Players
An observational study of Basketball Players, run by Kutahya Health Sciences University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The relationship between elbow proprioception, upper extremity physical performance, and passing accuracy in adolescent basketball players will be explored. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 to 18 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Basketball Players
- What is being tested?
- Force Sense, Joint Reproduction Sense and Seated Medicine Ball Throw
- How many people
- 45 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 16 Aug 2022to 30 Oct 2022
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 to 18 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Study population: Adolescent basketball players in amateur basketball club teams in Kütahya Province will be recruited for this study.
Who may be able to join
- Those who are between the ages of 13-18
- Those who have licensed active basketball players
- Having verbal and written communication skills in Turkish
Who cannot join
- Refusal
- Having had any upper extremity surgery
- Having a diagnosis of any upper extremity musculoskeletal conditions
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Relationship Between Elbow Proprioception, Upper Extremity Physical Performance, and Passing Accuracy in Adolescent Basketball Players
The relationship between elbow proprioception, upper extremity physical performance, and passing accuracy in adolescent basketball players will be explored.
Read the detailed description
Proprioception is defined as transmitting the sense of the position of our body, interpreting incoming information about posture, and performing the movement to be done consciously or unconsciously. It is critical in controlling and coordinating goal-directed multi-joint movements. It is crucial to learn and perform the sport-specific techniques correctly to increase performance in training and competitions.
Recently, the interest in basketball has increased, and the number of adolescents participating in this sport has increased at the same rate. Passing is the most widely used technical skill after shooting in basketball. A basketball player's performance and a team's success mainly depend on their passing skills. Because passing in basketball is one of the important actions in the game. It has been stated that the error/success ratio of the player on the passing skill is the main distinguishing factor between beginners and experienced players in competitions.
For this reason, the performance and season-long success of the players in basketball depend mainly on their passing skills. The Physical Performance Tests can be used to determine functional performance and evaluate progression in athletic populations. It has become necessary to conduct studies investigating basketball passing to improve training capacity, the performance, and skills of players.
Some studies in the literature investigate the possible relationship between proprioception and sportive success. One of them emphasized the relationship between free throw percentage and shoulder joint position sense. They also stated that proprioceptive exercises (especially above 90° of the shoulder ROM) could be included in the training program to increase the percentage of free throws. On the other hand, one study examined the relationship between basketball players' free-throw performance, elbow, and wrist joint position sense and found a moderate correlation between free-throw success rate and wrist and elbow joint position sense.
The studies on upper extremity proprioception in basketball players mainly focus on examining free-throw performance, and there is no study examining the relationship between proprioception and passing accuracy. In addition, no research has been found exploring the relationship between upper extremity physical performance and proprioception in basketball. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that a player with good elbow proprioception and upper extremity physical performance tests would have high pass accuracy, considering the importance of passing in basketball.
- Conditions
- Basketball Players
- Being tested
- Force Sense, Joint Reproduction Sense, Seated Medicine Ball Throw, Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, Passing Accuracy
- Keywords
- proprioception, elbow, physical performance, passing accuracy, adolescent
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Force SenseDiagnostic test
A measure of proprioception, using a handheld dynamometer (MicroFET2-hoggan Health Industries Inc.), in a sitting position in a standardized position of the elbow joint of the dominant upper extremity (90 degree of flexion). Measurement of the elbow joint flexion force sense will be expressed as percentages. Each of the targeted trials will be calculated as a percentage of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) reference measure. The difference between the targeted and the actual percentage of MVC for each of the trials will be then calculated as a percentage of the targeted MVC, to reflect the proportion of error.
Joint Reproduction SenseDiagnostic test
A measure of proprioception, using a smart phone goniometer (Android Clinometer) application, in a sitting position in a standardized position of the elbow joint of the dominant upper extremity. Measurement of the elbow joint position reproduction will be expressed as degrees of reproduced angle. Absolute Error (AE) score will be calculated by the absolute value of the difference in degrees of the angle reproduced after subtracting the angle targeted.
Seated Medicine Ball ThrowDiagnostic test
A measure of upper limb physical performance, using 2-kg medicine ball and a standardized protocol, throwing distance expressed in meters.
Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability TestDiagnostic test
A measure of upper limb physical performance, using body weight and a standardized protocol, touches between hands expressed in number of touches.
Passing AccuracyDiagnostic test
A measure of the basketball passing skills, passing of The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) test battery will be used in a standardized protocol. Accurate passes will be expressed in points.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Adolescent basketball players | Adolescent basketball players between the ages of 13-18 playing in basketball teams Receives: Diagnostic Test: Force Sense; Diagnostic Test: Joint Reproduction Sense; Diagnostic Test: Seated Medicine Ball Throw; Diagnostic Test: Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test; Diagnostic Test: Passing Accuracy |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Force Sense
A measure of proprioception, using a handheld dynamometer, in a sitting position in a standardized position of the elbow joint of the dominant upper extremity (90 degree of flexion).
Measured: At baseline
Joint Position Reproduction
A measure of proprioception, using a smart phone goniometer (Android Clinometer) application, in a sitting position in a standardized position of the elbow joint of the dominant upper extremity.
Measured: At baseline
Seated Medicine Ball Throw
A measure of upper limb physical performance, using body weight and a standardized protocol, touches between hands expressed in number of touches.
Measured: At baseline
Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test
A measure of upper limb physical performance, using body weight and a standardized protocol, touches between hands expressed in number of touches.
Measured: At baseline
Passing Accuracy
A measure of the basketball passing skills, passing of The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) test battery will be used in a standardized protocol. Accurate passes will be expressed in points.
Measured: At baseline
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted1 Apr 2022
- Study start16 Aug 2022
- Primary completion30 Sep 2022
- Study completion30 Oct 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (5)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Basketball PlayersStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Kutahya Health Sciences UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 45 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Kutahya Health Sciences University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Hakan AKKAN, Kutahya Health Sciences University
- Investigators
- Hakan Akkan, PT, PhD, Principal investigator, Kutahya Health Sciences University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05307302
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- KutahyaHSU-002
- Status last verified
- May 2023
- First submitted
- 24 Mar 2022
- Last updated
- 6 May 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Proske U. Exercise, fatigue and proprioception: a retrospective. Exp Brain Res. 2019 Oct;237(10):2447-2459. doi: 10.1007/s00221-019-05634-8. Epub 2019 Aug 30.
PubMed 31471677Wright ML, Adamo DE, Brown SH. Age-related declines in the detection of passive wrist movement. Neurosci Lett. 2011 Aug 15;500(2):108-12. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.06.015. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
PubMed 21704124Maimon AQ, Courel-Ibanez J, Ruiz FJR. The Basketball Pass: A Systematic Review. J Hum Kinet. 2020 Jan 31;71:275-284. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0088. eCollection 2020 Jan.
PubMed 32148591Sevrez V, Bourdin C. On the Role of Proprioception in Making Free Throws in Basketball. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2015;86(3):274-80. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2015.1012578. Epub 2015 Mar 16.
PubMed 25775217Gomez MA, Lorenzo A, Ortega E, Sampaio J, Ibanez SJ. Game Related Statistics Discriminating Between Starters and Nonstarters Players in Women'S National Basketball Association League (WNBA). J Sports Sci Med. 2009 Jun 1;8(2):278-83. eCollection 2009.
PubMed 24149538
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 6 May 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Relationship Between Elbow Proprioception, Upper Extremity Physical Performance, and Passing Accuracy in Adolescent Basketball Players
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05307302
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- KutahyaHSU-002
- Conditions
- Basketball Players
- Keywords
- proprioception, elbow, physical performance, passing accuracy, adolescent
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 45 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Kutahya Health Sciences UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 16 Aug 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Sep 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Oct 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 1 Apr 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The relationship between elbow proprioception, upper extremity physical performance, and passing accuracy in adolescent basketball players will be explored.
Detailed description
Proprioception is defined as transmitting the sense of the position of our body, interpreting incoming information about posture, and performing the movement to be done consciously or unconsciously. It is critical in controlling and coordinating goal-directed multi-joint movements. It is crucial to learn and perform the sport-specific techniques correctly to increase performance in training and competitions.
Recently, the interest in basketball has increased, and the number of adolescents participating in this sport has increased at the same rate. Passing is the most widely used technical skill after shooting in basketball. A basketball player's performance and a team's success mainly depend on their passing skills. Because passing in basketball is one of the important actions in the game. It has been stated that the error/success ratio of the player on the passing skill is the main distinguishing factor between beginners and experienced players in competitions.
For this reason, the performance and season-long success of the players in basketball depend mainly on their passing skills. The Physical Performance Tests can be used to determine functional performance and evaluate progression in athletic populations. It has become necessary to conduct studies investigating basketball passing to improve training capacity, the performance, and skills of players.
Some studies in the literature investigate the possible relationship between proprioception and sportive success. One of them emphasized the relationship between free throw percentage and shoulder joint position sense. They also stated that proprioceptive exercises (especially above 90° of the shoulder ROM) could be included in the training program to increase the percentage of free throws. On the other hand, one study examined the relationship between basketball players' free-throw performance, elbow, and wrist joint position sense and found a moderate correlation between free-throw success rate and wrist and elbow joint position sense.
The studies on upper extremity proprioception in basketball players mainly focus on examining free-throw performance, and there is no study examining the relationship between proprioception and passing accuracy. In addition, no research has been found exploring the relationship between upper extremity physical performance and proprioception in basketball. Therefore, this study hypothesizes that a player with good elbow proprioception and upper extremity physical performance tests would have high pass accuracy, considering the importance of passing in basketball.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Adolescent basketball players | – | Diagnostic Test: Force Sense, Diagnostic Test: Joint Reproduction Sense, Diagnostic Test: Seated Medicine Ball Throw, Diagnostic Test: Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test, Diagnostic Test: Passing AccuracyAdolescent basketball players between the ages of 13-18 playing in basketball teams |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 to 18 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
- Study population
- Adolescent basketball players in amateur basketball club teams in Kütahya Province will be recruited for this study.
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Those who are between the ages of 13-18
- Those who have licensed active basketball players
- Having verbal and written communication skills in Turkish
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Refusal
- Having had any upper extremity surgery
- Having a diagnosis of any upper extremity musculoskeletal conditions
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Force SenseA measure of proprioception, using a handheld dynamometer (MicroFET2-hoggan Health Industries Inc.), in a sitting position in a standardized position of the elbow joint of the dominant upper extremity (90 degree of flexion). Measurement of the elbow joint flexion force sense will be expressed as percentages. Each of the targeted trials will be calculated as a percentage of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) reference measure. The difference between the targeted and the actual percentage of MVC for each of the trials will be then calculated as a percentage of the targeted MVC, to reflect the proportion of error. | Diagnostic test | Adolescent basketball players |
| Joint Reproduction SenseA measure of proprioception, using a smart phone goniometer (Android Clinometer) application, in a sitting position in a standardized position of the elbow joint of the dominant upper extremity. Measurement of the elbow joint position reproduction will be expressed as degrees of reproduced angle. Absolute Error (AE) score will be calculated by the absolute value of the difference in degrees of the angle reproduced after subtracting the angle targeted. | Diagnostic test | Adolescent basketball players |
| Seated Medicine Ball ThrowA measure of upper limb physical performance, using 2-kg medicine ball and a standardized protocol, throwing distance expressed in meters. | Diagnostic test | Adolescent basketball players |
| Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability TestA measure of upper limb physical performance, using body weight and a standardized protocol, touches between hands expressed in number of touches. | Diagnostic test | Adolescent basketball players |
| Passing AccuracyA measure of the basketball passing skills, passing of The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) test battery will be used in a standardized protocol. Accurate passes will be expressed in points. | Diagnostic test | Adolescent basketball players |
Primary outcome
Force Sense
Time frame: At baseline
A measure of proprioception, using a handheld dynamometer, in a sitting position in a standardized position of the elbow joint of the dominant upper extremity (90 degree of flexion).
Joint Position Reproduction
Time frame: At baseline
A measure of proprioception, using a smart phone goniometer (Android Clinometer) application, in a sitting position in a standardized position of the elbow joint of the dominant upper extremity.
Seated Medicine Ball Throw
Time frame: At baseline
A measure of upper limb physical performance, using body weight and a standardized protocol, touches between hands expressed in number of touches.
Closed Kinetic Chain Upper Extremity Stability Test
Time frame: At baseline
A measure of upper limb physical performance, using body weight and a standardized protocol, touches between hands expressed in number of touches.
Passing Accuracy
Time frame: At baseline
A measure of the basketball passing skills, passing of The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) test battery will be used in a standardized protocol. Accurate passes will be expressed in points.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 6 May 2023.
- Background: PubMed 31471677Proske U. Exercise, fatigue and proprioception: a retrospective. Exp Brain Res. 2019 Oct;237(10):2447-2459. doi: 10.1007/s00221-019-05634-8. Epub 2019 Aug 30.
- Background: PubMed 21704124Wright ML, Adamo DE, Brown SH. Age-related declines in the detection of passive wrist movement. Neurosci Lett. 2011 Aug 15;500(2):108-12. doi: 10.1016/j.neulet.2011.06.015. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
- Background: PubMed 32148591Maimon AQ, Courel-Ibanez J, Ruiz FJR. The Basketball Pass: A Systematic Review. J Hum Kinet. 2020 Jan 31;71:275-284. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2019-0088. eCollection 2020 Jan.
- Background: PubMed 25775217Sevrez V, Bourdin C. On the Role of Proprioception in Making Free Throws in Basketball. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2015;86(3):274-80. doi: 10.1080/02701367.2015.1012578. Epub 2015 Mar 16.
- Background: PubMed 24149538Gomez MA, Lorenzo A, Ortega E, Sampaio J, Ibanez SJ. Game Related Statistics Discriminating Between Starters and Nonstarters Players in Women'S National Basketball Association League (WNBA). J Sports Sci Med. 2009 Jun 1;8(2):278-83. eCollection 2009.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Hakan Akkan, PT, PhD principal investigator
Kutahya Health Sciences University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Basketball Players, run by Kutahya Health Sciences University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 6 May 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Force Sense (time frame: At baseline). The study lists 5 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05307302, which also lists 5 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 6 May 2023.