InterventionNCT05316610
Coach-Led Body Image Intervention for Girls in Sport - Pilot
A study testing Body Confident Athletes in people with Intervention and Waitlist Control, run by University of the West of England at 1 site in United Kingdom.
Trial summary
According to the World Health Organization, only 15% of 11-17-year-old girls meet the recommended daily physical movement guidelines (e.g., 60-minutes per day). Despite extensive research highlighting the protective factors associated with sport on both mental and physical health, body image concerns are a key barrier… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 11 to 17 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Intervention, Waitlist Control
- What is being tested?
- Body Confident Athletes
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 18 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Kingdom
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2022to 1 Oct 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 11 to 17 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- Girls aged 11-17 years old
- English speaking
- US resident
Who cannot join
- n/a
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United Kingdom1 site
Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England
Bristol, BS16 1QY
About this study
Official title: Body Confident Athletes: Acceptability Testing of a Coach-Led Body Image Intervention for Adolescent Girls in Sport
According to the World Health Organization, only 15% of 11-17-year-old girls meet the recommended daily physical movement guidelines (e.g., 60-minutes per day). Despite extensive research highlighting the protective factors associated with sport on both mental and physical health, body image concerns are a key barrier to girls' participation in and enjoyment of sport. Sports-related environments and society more broadly further exacerbate these concerns through harmful gender stereotypes that perpetuate female objectification, discrimination, and harassment. This includes the promotion of unrealistic and sexualized appearances of female athletes, uncomfortable and objectifying uniforms, and appearance and competence-related teasing from male and female peers, as well as coaches.
The magnitude of this issue and how best to address it, can be understood from a socioecological perspective. Researchers suggest developing multi-faceted and multi-tiered approaches that have scope for targeting the individual, interpersonal, organizational, and societal levels. The current research will test the first coach delivered embodying sports program for girls that will be implemented through sporting organizations. The Body Confident Athletes program was co-created with girls and coaches through an international multi-disciplinary partnership between academics, health professionals, industry, and community organizations. Multi-disciplinary partnerships can create a supportive landscape by upskilling girls and influential community members (e.g., coaches) in dealing with body image concerns, which will likely lead to sustained sports participation and biopsychosocial benefits.
Read more
As such, the aim of the present study is to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of the Body Confident Athletes program. The program consists of five 60-minute sessions delivered by coaches to adolescent girls. Each session tackles a distinct theme related to body image in the sporting context. Outcomes will be assessed at pre- and post-intervention (5 weeks later) and include body image (primary outcome), sport enjoyment and embodied experiences (secondary outcomes), and feasibility, acceptability, and adherence (process outcomes). The comparison control arm will be a waitlist control condition.
To undertake this project, sporting organizations will be cluster-randomized into the intervention group or the control group, with 80 girls anticipated in each arm. Those in the intervention condition will complete baseline assessments (target outcomes and demographic information), take part in the five-week intervention, and then complete the post-intervention assessments (target outcomes and feasibility and acceptability measures). Those in the waitlist control condition will complete the baseline assessments (target outcomes and demographic information) and a second assessment five weeks later (target outcomes only), after which they will get access to the intervention. However, their engagement with the intervention will not be monitored or assessed. At completion of the post-intervention survey, all participants will receive a debrief form, outlining the study aims and objectives, and additional resources for body image and eating concerns. Lastly, to compensate participants for their time, girls and coaches will receive an electronic voucher to the value of $60 dollars.
The investigators hypothesize that girls who take part in the Body Confident Athletes intervention will report better body image, greater sport enjoyment, and higher levels of embodiment at post-intervention than girls who do not take part in the intervention.
- Conditions
- Intervention, Waitlist Control
- Being tested
- Body Confident Athletes
- Keywords
- Body image, Embodiment, Girls, Athletes, Coaches, Task shifting
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Body Confident AthletesBehavioural
The Body Confident Athletes program is a five-session in-person program designed to be delivered by coaches to their athletes. Groups should be of approximately 10 girls. The organizations will work with the community partner and researchers on how to schedule the intervention over a five-week period. These sessions can replace a regular sport practice each week or an additional session can be organized by the sport organizations. Each session will take approximately 60 minutes and will consist of four phases, including The Game Plan (5 mins), The Skills (20 mins), Game Time (20 mins), and The Final Score (15 mins). A variety of activity modalities are utilized to convey learning outcomes, including group and individual activities, and discussion-, writing- and movement-based activities.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Body Confident Athletes | Experimental | Participants in the intervention condition will take part in an in-person program consisting of five sessions over five weeks. Receives: Behavioral: Body Confident Athletes |
| Waitlist control | No intervention | Participants will not be explicitly told their study condition, although they will be made aware of the assessment time points and whether they receive the intervention between T1 and T2 (intervention) or after T2 (waitlist control). Following completion of post-intervention assessments (T2), the control condition will participate in the intervention; but, they will not be monitored or assessed. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in body esteem (assessed via the Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents)
The Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents (BESAA) assesses body esteem (BE), which refers to self-evaluations of one's body or appearance. The BESAA has 3 subscales: BE-Appearance (general feelings about appearance), BE-Weight (weight satisfaction), and BE-Attribution (evaluations attributed to others about one's body and appearance). BESAA scores range from 0-4 with higher scores on the BESAA indicating higher levels of body esteem.
Measured: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention (5 weeks later)
Secondary outcomes (2)
Change in embodiment (assessed via the Youth Experience of Embodiment Scale)
The Youth Experience of Embodiment Scale (YEES) assesses how girls inhabit their body (e.g., body connection and comfort, attuned self-care) and how they navigate the world (e.g., with agency, resisting self-objectification). YEES scores range from 1-5 with higher scores on the YEES indicating higher levels of embodiment.
Measured: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention (5 weeks later)
Change in sport enjoyment (assessed via the Sources of Enjoyment in Youth Sport Questionnaire)
The Sources of Enjoyment in Youth Sport Questionnaire (SEYSQ) assesses the source of an athlete's enjoyment in sport according to two spectrums (intrinsic motivation vs. extrinsic motivation and achievement vs. non-achievement factors), resulting in four quadrants indicating the four sources of an athlete's enjoyment. SEYSQ scores range from 1-5.
Measured: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention (5 weeks later)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted7 Apr 2022
- Study start1 Jun 2022
- Primary completion1 Oct 2022
- Study completion1 Oct 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for InterventionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 18 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of the West of England
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Unilever R&D, Nike, Laureus, Tucker Center for Research on Girls & Women in Sport
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05316610
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- HAS.21.03.120a
- Status last verified
- Aug 2023
- First submitted
- 18 Mar 2022
- Last updated
- 3 Aug 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1.6 million participants. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Jan;4(1):23-35. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2. Epub 2019 Nov 21.
PubMed 31761562Neumark-Sztainer D, MacLehose RF, Watts AW, Pacanowski CR, Eisenberg ME. Yoga and body image: Findings from a large population-based study of young adults. Body Image. 2018 Mar;24:69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.12.003. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
PubMed 29288970Sabiston, C., Pila, E., Vani, M., & Thogersen-Ntoumani, C. (2019). Body image, physical activity, and sport: A scoping review. Psychology Of Sport And Exercise, 42, 48-57. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.12.010
Sabiston, C. M., Vani, M. F., & Murray, R. M. (2021). Body-related self-conscious emotions in sport and exercise: A self-regulation perspective. In Motivation and Self-regulation in Sport and Exercise (pp. 62-77). Routledge.
Slater A, Tiggemann M. Gender differences in adolescent sport participation, teasing, self-objectification and body image concerns. J Adolesc. 2011 Jun;34(3):455-63. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.06.007. Epub 2010 Jul 31.
PubMed 20643477Vani MF, Pila E, Willson E, Sabiston CM. Body-related embarrassment: The overlooked self-conscious emotion. Body Image. 2020 Mar;32:14-23. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.10.007. Epub 2019 Nov 13.
PubMed 31733410Matheson EL, Schneider J, Tinoco A, Gentili C, Silva-Breen H, LaVoi NM, White P, Diedrichs PC. The co-creation, initial piloting, and protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a coach-led positive body image intervention for girls in sport. BMC Public Health. 2023 Jul 31;23(1):1467. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16360-w.
PubMed 37525161
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Aug 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Body Confident Athletes: Acceptability Testing of a Coach-Led Body Image Intervention for Adolescent Girls in Sport
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05316610
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- HAS.21.03.120a
- Conditions
- Intervention, Waitlist Control
- Keywords
- Body image, Embodiment, Girls, Athletes, Coaches, Task shifting
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 18 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of the West of EnglandUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Unilever R&D, Nike, Laureus, Tucker Center for Research on Girls & Women in Sport
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Oct 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Oct 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 7 Apr 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
According to the World Health Organization, only 15% of 11-17-year-old girls meet the recommended daily physical movement guidelines (e.g., 60-minutes per day). Despite extensive research highlighting the protective factors associated with sport on both mental and physical health, body image concerns are a key barrier to girls' participation in and enjoyment of sport. Sports-related environments and society more broadly further exacerbate these concerns through harmful gender stereotypes that perpetuate female objectification, discrimination, and harassment. This includes the promotion of unrealistic and sexualized appearances of female athletes, uncomfortable and objectifying uniforms, and appearance and competence-related teasing from male and female peers, as well as coaches.
The magnitude of this issue and how best to address it, can be understood from a socioecological perspective. Researchers suggest developing multi-faceted and multi-tiered approaches that have scope for targeting the individual, interpersonal, organizational, and societal levels. The current research will test the first coach delivered embodying sports program for girls that will be implemented through sporting organizations. The Body Confident Athletes program was co-created with girls and coaches through an international multi-disciplinary partnership between academics, health professionals, industry, and community organizations. Multi-disciplinary partnerships can create a supportive landscape by upskilling girls and influential community members (e.g., coaches) in dealing with body image concerns, which will likely lead to sustained sports participation and biopsychosocial benefits.
As such, the aim of the present study is to conduct a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of the Body Confident Athletes program. The program consists of five 60-minute sessions delivered by coaches to adolescent girls. Each session tackles a distinct theme related to body image in the sporting context. Outcomes will be assessed at pre- and post-intervention (5 weeks later) and include body image (primary outcome), sport enjoyment and embodied experiences (secondary outcomes), and feasibility, acceptability, and adherence (process outcomes). The comparison control arm will be a waitlist control condition.
To undertake this project, sporting organizations will be cluster-randomized into the intervention group or the control group, with 80 girls anticipated in each arm. Those in the intervention condition will complete baseline assessments (target outcomes and demographic information), take part in the five-week intervention, and then complete the post-intervention assessments (target outcomes and feasibility and acceptability measures). Those in the waitlist control condition will complete the baseline assessments (target outcomes and demographic information) and a second assessment five weeks later (target outcomes only), after which they will get access to the intervention. However, their engagement with the intervention will not be monitored or assessed. At completion of the post-intervention survey, all participants will receive a debrief form, outlining the study aims and objectives, and additional resources for body image and eating concerns. Lastly, to compensate participants for their time, girls and coaches will receive an electronic voucher to the value of $60 dollars.
The investigators hypothesize that girls who take part in the Body Confident Athletes intervention will report better body image, greater sport enjoyment, and higher levels of embodiment at post-intervention than girls who do not take part in the intervention.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Body Confident Athletes | Experimental | Behavioral: Body Confident AthletesParticipants in the intervention condition will take part in an in-person program consisting of five sessions over five weeks. |
| Waitlist control | No intervention | –Participants will not be explicitly told their study condition, although they will be made aware of the assessment time points and whether they receive the intervention between T1 and T2 (intervention) or after T2 (waitlist control). Following completion of post-intervention assessments (T2), the control condition will participate in the intervention; but, they will not be monitored or assessed. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 11 to 17 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Girls aged 11-17 years old
- English speaking
- US resident
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- n/a
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Body Confident AthletesThe Body Confident Athletes program is a five-session in-person program designed to be delivered by coaches to their athletes. Groups should be of approximately 10 girls. The organizations will work with the community partner and researchers on how to schedule the intervention over a five-week period. These sessions can replace a regular sport practice each week or an additional session can be organized by the sport organizations. Each session will take approximately 60 minutes and will consist of four phases, including The Game Plan (5 mins), The Skills (20 mins), Game Time (20 mins), and The Final Score (15 mins). A variety of activity modalities are utilized to convey learning outcomes, including group and individual activities, and discussion-, writing- and movement-based activities. | Behavioural | Body Confident Athletes |
Primary outcome
Change in body esteem (assessed via the Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents)
Time frame: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention (5 weeks later)
The Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents (BESAA) assesses body esteem (BE), which refers to self-evaluations of one's body or appearance. The BESAA has 3 subscales: BE-Appearance (general feelings about appearance), BE-Weight (weight satisfaction), and BE-Attribution (evaluations attributed to others about one's body and appearance). BESAA scores range from 0-4 with higher scores on the BESAA indicating higher levels of body esteem.
2 secondary outcomes
Change in embodiment (assessed via the Youth Experience of Embodiment Scale)
Time frame: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention (5 weeks later)
Change in sport enjoyment (assessed via the Sources of Enjoyment in Youth Sport Questionnaire)
Time frame: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention (5 weeks later)
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Aug 2023.
- Background: PubMed 31761562Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1.6 million participants. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020 Jan;4(1):23-35. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30323-2. Epub 2019 Nov 21.
- Background: PubMed 29288970Neumark-Sztainer D, MacLehose RF, Watts AW, Pacanowski CR, Eisenberg ME. Yoga and body image: Findings from a large population-based study of young adults. Body Image. 2018 Mar;24:69-75. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2017.12.003. Epub 2017 Dec 27.
- BackgroundSabiston, C., Pila, E., Vani, M., & Thogersen-Ntoumani, C. (2019). Body image, physical activity, and sport: A scoping review. Psychology Of Sport And Exercise, 42, 48-57. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.12.010
- BackgroundSabiston, C. M., Vani, M. F., & Murray, R. M. (2021). Body-related self-conscious emotions in sport and exercise: A self-regulation perspective. In Motivation and Self-regulation in Sport and Exercise (pp. 62-77). Routledge.
- Background: PubMed 20643477Slater A, Tiggemann M. Gender differences in adolescent sport participation, teasing, self-objectification and body image concerns. J Adolesc. 2011 Jun;34(3):455-63. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.06.007. Epub 2010 Jul 31.
- Background: PubMed 31733410Vani MF, Pila E, Willson E, Sabiston CM. Body-related embarrassment: The overlooked self-conscious emotion. Body Image. 2020 Mar;32:14-23. doi: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.10.007. Epub 2019 Nov 13.
- Results publication: PubMed 37525161Matheson EL, Schneider J, Tinoco A, Gentili C, Silva-Breen H, LaVoi NM, White P, Diedrichs PC. The co-creation, initial piloting, and protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of a coach-led positive body image intervention for girls in sport. BMC Public Health. 2023 Jul 31;23(1):1467. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-16360-w.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Intervention
Not yet recruiting
Effect of Stress Ball Use During Femoral Arterial Sheath Removal After Coronary Angiography
Femoral Arterial Sheath Removal, Stress Ball
RecruitingObservational study
A Prospective ,Multicenter ,Non-interventional ,Real-world Study Observing Changes in Molecular Markers Osimertinib Targeted Therapy in EGFRm NSCLC
Non Small Cell Lung Cancer
RecruitingObservational study
A Non-Interventional Study PASS to Characterize Secondary Malignancies of Tcell Origin Following Tisagenlecleucel Therapy
Secondary Malignancies of T-cell Origin
Not yet recruiting
Feasibility of a Robot-Guided Active Play Intervention for Children With Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral Palsy
Recruiting
Unified Protocol in Penitentiary Facilities
Depression Disorders, Anxiety
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Body Confident Athletes in people with Intervention and Waitlist Control, run by University of the West of England at 1 site in United Kingdom.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Aug 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in body esteem (assessed via the Body Esteem Scale for Adults and Adolescents) (time frame: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention (5 weeks later)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05316610, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Aug 2023.