Forest Therapy for CognitionNCT05359289
Effects of Forest Therapy on Cognitive Performance and Mental Health in Older Adults Health in Older Adults
A study testing Forest therapy training, Senior fitness training and Board Games in people with Forest Therapy for Cognition, run by National Taiwan University Hospital at 2 sites in Taiwan.
Trial summary
In Taiwan, aging is happening at a fast pace. The Taiwan Ministry of Interior officially announced that Taiwan will become an aged society in April 2018 and is expected to transition into a hyper-aged society within eight years. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 65 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Forest Therapy for Cognition
- What is being tested?
- Forest therapy training, Senior fitness training and Board Games
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 120 participants
- Where
- 2 sitesTaiwan
- Study dates
- 1 Sep 2021to Jul 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 65 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Literate in Mandarin and Taiwanese.
- Willing to participate entirely in this research.
- Age > 65.
Who cannot join
- Participated in cognitive-related training in the past two months.
- Diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)
- Severe psychological or behavioral disorder that would seriously interfere with the progress of activity.
- Severe hearing Impairments or visual Impairment
- History of degenerative cognitive disorders, Organic Mental Disorders, Brain Dysfunction, Psychogenic neurosis.
Trial locations and contacts
2 sites in 1 country.
Taiwan2 sites, 2 recruiting
- Recruiting
School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University
Taipei, 10617
Chia-Pin Yu, Ph.D., +886 2 33664618, simonyu@ntu.edu.tw
- Recruiting
National Taiwan Science Education Center
Taipei, 11165
Carmen Lui, B. Sc, +886-2-6610-1234, luicarmen21@gmail.com
Chia-Pin Yu, Ph.D.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Forest Therapy on Cognitive Performance and Mental Health in Older Adults
In Taiwan, aging is happening at a fast pace. The Taiwan Ministry of Interior officially announced that Taiwan will become an aged society in April 2018 and is expected to transition into a hyper-aged society within eight years. Critically, scholars recognize that optimizing cognitive activity and wellbeing influences quality of life in a late life which in turn is a key factor for successful aging. To alleviate the social and economic impact of aging, as well as impact on families, there is a need for studying anti-aging approaches. The World Health Organization suggests that the general public should have a healthy lifestyle which includes participating in activities for physical health, as well as cognitive and mental health involving maintaining social interactions. This present research is part of a broader integrated program in which the purpose is to promote and study the efficacy of forest therapy on physical health, and cognitive and mental health in older adults. The study site is located at the National Taiwan Science Education Center (NTSEC) which includes wetlands, waterfronts, green-spaces and urban parks. The investigators will evaluate two types of interventions for participants, "forest therapy program" and "fitness program" for older adults. The study approach applies a between-subjects and pretest-posttest design. The investigators will collect participants' physical data, psychological responses, and cognitive performance in the course of both programs. By comparing these data before and after the intervention programs, the investigators seek to understand the both programs' effects on physical health, and cognitive and mental health.
Read the detailed description
In Taiwan, aging is happening at a fast pace. The Taiwan Ministry of Interior officially announced that Taiwan will become an aged society in April 2018 and is expected to transition into a hyper-aged society within eight years. Critically, scholars recognize that optimizing cognitive activity and wellbeing influences quality of life in a late life which in turn is a key factor for successful aging. To alleviate the social and economic impact of aging, as well as impact on families, there is a need for studying anti-aging approaches. The World Health Organization suggests that the general public should have a healthy lifestyle which includes participating in activities for physical health, as well as cognitive and mental health involving maintaining social interactions. This present research is part of a broader integrated program in which the purpose is to promote and study the efficacy of forest therapy on physical health, and cognitive and mental health in older adults. The study site is located at the National Taiwan Science Education Center (NTSEC) which includes wetlands, waterfronts, green-spaces and urban parks. The investigators will evaluate two types of interventions for participants, "forest therapy program" and "fitness program" for older adults. The study approach applies a between-subjects and pretest-posttest design. The investigators will collect participants' physical data, psychological responses, and cognitive performance in the course of both programs. By comparing these data before and after the intervention programs, the investigators seek to understand the both programs' effects on physical health, and cognitive and mental health. In addition, the investigators will elucidate the efficacy of the forest therapy program through measurement of the changes in physical, cognitive, and mental health performance and status indicators. The forest therapy and fitness programs at National Taiwan Science Education Center (NTSEC), along with a robot programming training and tinkering activities that are part of the broader project, acts as a public education and service window towards addressing cognitive aging issues in Taiwan. It should be further noted that this will be a critical platform for obtaining ecological research data on a novel class of cognitive interventions for cognitive aging using psychological and brain imaging techniques to bridge critical neural mechanistic knowledge gaps.
- Conditions
- Forest Therapy for Cognition
- Being tested
- Forest therapy training, Senior fitness training, Board Games
- Keywords
- forest therapy, successful ageing, physical and mental health, cognitive health, senior fitness, clinic trial, brain imaging
- Medical subject headings
- Psychological Well-Being
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Forest therapy trainingBehavioural
Participants will experience nature-based interventions including forest hiking, horticultural therapy and green wellness activities for their mental health and physical conditions.
Senior fitness trainingBehavioural
The fitness program includes physics fitness of stamina, coordination and aerobic exercise in 12 weeks. Participants will join the senior fitness program including physical fitness, aerobic exercise and exercise prescription during the 12 weeks program.
Board GamesBehavioural
Participants will play board games with each other.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Forest therapy training | Experimental | Participants will expect to have an improvement of cognitive functions via a serial nature-based therapy/intervention. Receives: Behavioral: Forest therapy training |
| Senior fitness training | Active comparator | Participants will expect to have an improvement of cognitive functions through a structural senior fitness program. Receives: Behavioral: Senior fitness training |
| Board Games | Placebo comparator | Participants will play boards games under a schedule matching the Experimental and Active Comparator arms. Receives: Behavioral: Board Games |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Changes of neural functional activity during inferential processing
Participants will undergo a Rule Inference fMRI task to infer underlying rules that map color configurations of circles in a triangular arrangement to a target color category within as few tries as possible under active or passive conditions.The goal for participants will be to infer the cue-category association rules using as few cues as possible. The primary outcome measure here is the degree of neural response estimate change in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)signal pre- and post-intervention.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Changes of overall accuracy during inferential processing
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant overall accuracy in identifying latent rules in the Rule Inference fMRI task.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Changes of learning rate during inferential processing
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant number of trials to criterion in the Rule Inference fMRI task.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Changes of strategic performance during inferential processing
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant coefficients of expression of modeled response strategies in the Rule Inference fMRI task will be assessed.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Changes in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score
Pre- to post-intervention changes in participant MoCA score. Score range from 0 to 30 with higher scores indicating better cognitive ability.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Logical Memory I & II
Score range 0 - 75. Higher score indicates better verbal episodic memory.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Face Memory
Score range 0 - 48. Higher score indicates better visual face memory.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Verbal Paired Memory
Score range 0 - 32. Higher score indicates better verbal memory and learning.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Family Pictures I & II
Score range 0 - 64. Higher score indicates better visual memory and learning.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Word Lists I & II
Score range 0 - 36. Higher score indicates better verbal memory and learning. For II, recall score range is 0 to 8; recognition score range is 0 to 24.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Visual Reproduction I & II
Score range 0 - 104. Higher score indicates better visual memory. For II, recall score range is 0-104; recognition score range is 0-48.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Spatial Span
Score range 0 - 32. Higher score indicates better spatial memory. range is 0-48.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Digit Span
Score range 0 - 32. Higher score indicates better auditory memory.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III Vocabulary
Score range 0 - 66. Higher score indicates better vocabulary.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III Digit Symbol
Score range 0 - 133. Higher score indicates better processing speed.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III Block Design
Score range 0 - 68. Higher score indicates better visual processing.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III Arithmetic
Score range 0 - 22. Higher score indicates better mathematical computation ability.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III Matrix Reasoning
Score range 0 - 26. Higher score indicates better reasoning.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in the Profile of Mood States(POMS)
Pre- to post-intervention changes in participant POMS score. Score range from 0 to 24 with higher scores indicating the level of each mood States, as tension-anxiety, anger-hostility, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, confusion-bewilderment, vigor-activity.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)
Pre- to post-intervention changes in participant STAI score. Score range from 0 to 80 with higher scores indicating higher anxiety level.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Chinese Word Remote Associate Task(CWRAT)
Pre- to post-intervention changes in participant CWRAT score. Score range from 0 to 80 with higher scores indicating better creativity.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure(DBP) and Systolic Blood Pressure(SBP)
Pre- to post-intervention changes in participant blood pressure. Normal SBP of an adult under 120 mmHg and normal DBP under 80 mmHg with lower pressure indicating better health.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in heart rate
Pre- to post-intervention changes in participant heart rate. The normal heart rate of an adult beats between 60 to 100 times per minute, with lower times indicating better health.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in heart rate variability (HRV)
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant HRV. In sympathetic nervous system, with lower ratio of Low/High Frequency and higher high Frequency indicating better relaxation.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Body Mass Index(BMI)
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant Body Mass Index.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Waist-Hip Ratio
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant Waist-Hip Ratio.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in 30s arm curl test
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant 30s arm curl test, with higher times indicating better strength.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in 30s chair stand test
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant 30s chair stand test, with higher times indicating better endurance.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in back scratch test
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant 30s back scratch test, with higher times indicating better upper limb flexibility.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in chair sit-and-reach test
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant 30s chair sit-and-reach test, with higher times indicating better lower limb flexibility.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in Seated Up- and- Go Test
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant Seated Up- and- Go Test, with fewer time indicating better dynamic balance and agility.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Change in 2-minute step test
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant Seated Up- and- Go Test, with higher times indicating better cardiorespiratory fitness.
Measured: week 0, week 12
Secondary outcomes (1)
Changes of neural functional activity during resting-state
Brain functional activity measured using fMRI during rest with eyes-open
Measured: week 0, week 12
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted3 May 2022
- Study start1 Sep 2021
- Primary completionJul 2023 (estimated)
- Study completionJul 2024 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Forest Therapy for CognitionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Taiwan University HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan Science Education Center
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Chia-Pin Yu, Ph.D., Principal investigator, National Taiwan University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05359289
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 202105HM079
- Status last verified
- Aug 2021
- First submitted
- 7 Apr 2022
- Last updated
- 3 May 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Data that can be shared include anonymized neuropsychological assessment scores, cognitive behavioral performance scores, brain imaging data that have been published.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 May 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Forest Therapy on Cognitive Performance and Mental Health in Older Adults
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05359289
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 202105HM079
- Conditions
- Forest Therapy for Cognition
- Keywords
- forest therapy, successful ageing, physical and mental health, cognitive health, senior fitness, clinic trial, brain imaging
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 120 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, National Taiwan University, National Taiwan Science Education Center
- Study start
- 1 Sep 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Jul 2023 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jul 2024 (estimated)
- First posted
- 3 May 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In Taiwan, aging is happening at a fast pace. The Taiwan Ministry of Interior officially announced that Taiwan will become an aged society in April 2018 and is expected to transition into a hyper-aged society within eight years. Critically, scholars recognize that optimizing cognitive activity and wellbeing influences quality of life in a late life which in turn is a key factor for successful aging. To alleviate the social and economic impact of aging, as well as impact on families, there is a need for studying anti-aging approaches. The World Health Organization suggests that the general public should have a healthy lifestyle which includes participating in activities for physical health, as well as cognitive and mental health involving maintaining social interactions. This present research is part of a broader integrated program in which the purpose is to promote and study the efficacy of forest therapy on physical health, and cognitive and mental health in older adults. The study site is located at the National Taiwan Science Education Center (NTSEC) which includes wetlands, waterfronts, green-spaces and urban parks. The investigators will evaluate two types of interventions for participants, "forest therapy program" and "fitness program" for older adults. The study approach applies a between-subjects and pretest-posttest design. The investigators will collect participants' physical data, psychological responses, and cognitive performance in the course of both programs. By comparing these data before and after the intervention programs, the investigators seek to understand the both programs' effects on physical health, and cognitive and mental health.
Detailed description
In Taiwan, aging is happening at a fast pace. The Taiwan Ministry of Interior officially announced that Taiwan will become an aged society in April 2018 and is expected to transition into a hyper-aged society within eight years. Critically, scholars recognize that optimizing cognitive activity and wellbeing influences quality of life in a late life which in turn is a key factor for successful aging. To alleviate the social and economic impact of aging, as well as impact on families, there is a need for studying anti-aging approaches. The World Health Organization suggests that the general public should have a healthy lifestyle which includes participating in activities for physical health, as well as cognitive and mental health involving maintaining social interactions. This present research is part of a broader integrated program in which the purpose is to promote and study the efficacy of forest therapy on physical health, and cognitive and mental health in older adults. The study site is located at the National Taiwan Science Education Center (NTSEC) which includes wetlands, waterfronts, green-spaces and urban parks. The investigators will evaluate two types of interventions for participants, "forest therapy program" and "fitness program" for older adults. The study approach applies a between-subjects and pretest-posttest design. The investigators will collect participants' physical data, psychological responses, and cognitive performance in the course of both programs. By comparing these data before and after the intervention programs, the investigators seek to understand the both programs' effects on physical health, and cognitive and mental health. In addition, the investigators will elucidate the efficacy of the forest therapy program through measurement of the changes in physical, cognitive, and mental health performance and status indicators. The forest therapy and fitness programs at National Taiwan Science Education Center (NTSEC), along with a robot programming training and tinkering activities that are part of the broader project, acts as a public education and service window towards addressing cognitive aging issues in Taiwan. It should be further noted that this will be a critical platform for obtaining ecological research data on a novel class of cognitive interventions for cognitive aging using psychological and brain imaging techniques to bridge critical neural mechanistic knowledge gaps.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Forest therapy training | Experimental | Behavioral: Forest therapy trainingParticipants will expect to have an improvement of cognitive functions via a serial nature-based therapy/intervention. |
| Senior fitness training | Active comparator | Behavioral: Senior fitness trainingParticipants will expect to have an improvement of cognitive functions through a structural senior fitness program. |
| Board Games | Placebo comparator | Behavioral: Board GamesParticipants will play boards games under a schedule matching the Experimental and Active Comparator arms. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 65 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Literate in Mandarin and Taiwanese.
- Willing to participate entirely in this research.
- Age > 65.
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Participated in cognitive-related training in the past two months.
- Diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)
- Severe psychological or behavioral disorder that would seriously interfere with the progress of activity.
- Severe hearing Impairments or visual Impairment
- History of degenerative cognitive disorders, Organic Mental Disorders, Brain Dysfunction, Psychogenic neurosis.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Forest therapy trainingParticipants will experience nature-based interventions including forest hiking, horticultural therapy and green wellness activities for their mental health and physical conditions. | Behavioural | Forest therapy training |
| Senior fitness trainingThe fitness program includes physics fitness of stamina, coordination and aerobic exercise in 12 weeks. Participants will join the senior fitness program including physical fitness, aerobic exercise and exercise prescription during the 12 weeks program. | Behavioural | Senior fitness training |
| Board GamesParticipants will play board games with each other. | Behavioural | Board Games |
Primary outcome
Changes of neural functional activity during inferential processing
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Participants will undergo a Rule Inference fMRI task to infer underlying rules that map color configurations of circles in a triangular arrangement to a target color category within as few tries as possible under active or passive conditions.The goal for participants will be to infer the cue-category association rules using as few cues as possible. The primary outcome measure here is the degree of neural response estimate change in blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD)signal pre- and post-intervention.
Changes of overall accuracy during inferential processing
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant overall accuracy in identifying latent rules in the Rule Inference fMRI task.
Changes of learning rate during inferential processing
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant number of trials to criterion in the Rule Inference fMRI task.
Changes of strategic performance during inferential processing
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant coefficients of expression of modeled response strategies in the Rule Inference fMRI task will be assessed.
Changes in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Pre- to post-intervention changes in participant MoCA score. Score range from 0 to 30 with higher scores indicating better cognitive ability.
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Logical Memory I & II
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 75. Higher score indicates better verbal episodic memory.
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Face Memory
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 48. Higher score indicates better visual face memory.
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Verbal Paired Memory
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 32. Higher score indicates better verbal memory and learning.
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Family Pictures I & II
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 64. Higher score indicates better visual memory and learning.
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Word Lists I & II
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 36. Higher score indicates better verbal memory and learning. For II, recall score range is 0 to 8; recognition score range is 0 to 24.
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Visual Reproduction I & II
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 104. Higher score indicates better visual memory. For II, recall score range is 0-104; recognition score range is 0-48.
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Spatial Span
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 32. Higher score indicates better spatial memory. range is 0-48.
Change in Wechsler Memory Scale III Digit Span
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 32. Higher score indicates better auditory memory.
Change in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III Vocabulary
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 66. Higher score indicates better vocabulary.
Change in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III Digit Symbol
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 133. Higher score indicates better processing speed.
Change in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III Block Design
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 68. Higher score indicates better visual processing.
Change in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III Arithmetic
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 22. Higher score indicates better mathematical computation ability.
Change in Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale III Matrix Reasoning
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Score range 0 - 26. Higher score indicates better reasoning.
Change in the Profile of Mood States(POMS)
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Pre- to post-intervention changes in participant POMS score. Score range from 0 to 24 with higher scores indicating the level of each mood States, as tension-anxiety, anger-hostility, depression-dejection, fatigue-inertia, confusion-bewilderment, vigor-activity.
Change in State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI)
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Pre- to post-intervention changes in participant STAI score. Score range from 0 to 80 with higher scores indicating higher anxiety level.
Change in Chinese Word Remote Associate Task(CWRAT)
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Pre- to post-intervention changes in participant CWRAT score. Score range from 0 to 80 with higher scores indicating better creativity.
Change in Diastolic Blood Pressure(DBP) and Systolic Blood Pressure(SBP)
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Pre- to post-intervention changes in participant blood pressure. Normal SBP of an adult under 120 mmHg and normal DBP under 80 mmHg with lower pressure indicating better health.
Change in heart rate
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Pre- to post-intervention changes in participant heart rate. The normal heart rate of an adult beats between 60 to 100 times per minute, with lower times indicating better health.
Change in heart rate variability (HRV)
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant HRV. In sympathetic nervous system, with lower ratio of Low/High Frequency and higher high Frequency indicating better relaxation.
Change in Body Mass Index(BMI)
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant Body Mass Index.
Change in Waist-Hip Ratio
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant Waist-Hip Ratio.
Change in 30s arm curl test
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant 30s arm curl test, with higher times indicating better strength.
Change in 30s chair stand test
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant 30s chair stand test, with higher times indicating better endurance.
Change in back scratch test
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant 30s back scratch test, with higher times indicating better upper limb flexibility.
Change in chair sit-and-reach test
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant 30s chair sit-and-reach test, with higher times indicating better lower limb flexibility.
Change in Seated Up- and- Go Test
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant Seated Up- and- Go Test, with fewer time indicating better dynamic balance and agility.
Change in 2-minute step test
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Changes from pre- to post-intervention in participant Seated Up- and- Go Test, with higher times indicating better cardiorespiratory fitness.
1 secondary outcome
Changes of neural functional activity during resting-state
Time frame: week 0, week 12
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 May 2022.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Data that can be shared include anonymized neuropsychological assessment scores, cognitive behavioral performance scores, brain imaging data that have been published.
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Chia-Pin Yu, Ph.D. principal investigator
National Taiwan University
2 sites in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Forest therapy training, Senior fitness training and Board Games in people with Forest Therapy for Cognition, run by National Taiwan University Hospital at 2 sites in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 May 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 2 sites in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Chia-Pin Yu, Ph.D. (+886 2 33664618, simonyu@ntu.edu.tw), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Changes of neural functional activity during inferential processing (time frame: week 0, week 12). The study lists 32 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 May 2022.