Shoulder PainNCT05368649
Sensory Processing and Musculoskeletal Shoulder Pain
A study testing Short-wave diathermy in people with Shoulder Pain and Healthy Volunteers, run by University of Gran Rosario at 1 site in Argentina.
Trial summary
The development of chronic pain is a common complication in shoulder pain conditions. Half of these type of patients exhibit persistent pain even after a period of six to twelve months from the start of their pain treatment. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 35 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Shoulder Pain, Healthy Volunteers
- What is being tested?
- Short-wave diathermy
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 64 participants
- Where
- 1 siteArgentina
- Study dates
- 1 Apr 2022to 8 Aug 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 35 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Volunteers with unilateral shoulder pain and mechanosensitivity in the infraspinatus muscle
- pain lasting more than 6 weeks
- Healthy volunteers
Who cannot join
- Previous surgery/trauma in the upper limb
- Previous physiotherapy treatments in the shoulder
- Pain intensity ≤ 2 and > 9 (VAS)
- History of neurologic disorders
- Systemic disorders
- Cervical spine injuries or postural deformities
Show all 10Show fewer
- Cortisone injections within the last 6 months
- Unusually strenuous activity 48 h before the testing session
- Glenohumeral instability
- Articular Hyperlaxitude (Beighton > 4)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Sensory Processing and Pain Modulatory Mechanisms Associated With Characteristics of the Infraspinatus Muscle in Individuals With and Without Shoulder Pain
The development of chronic pain is a common complication in shoulder pain conditions. Half of these type of patients exhibit persistent pain even after a period of six to twelve months from the start of their pain treatment. Persistent pain is most likely a result of different biological alterations, including but not limited to tissue damage. Another potential cause is neurogenic inflammation, which can be triggered by applying excessive mechanical stress to a structure or region. Neurogenic inflammation can lead to peripheral sensitization and sensitizing the musculoskeletal tissues in the process, and this sensitization will last until the input is removed. Nevertheless, even though peripheral factors are sufficient to perpetuate pain, the role of central mechanisms cannot be excluded as a potential cause of sensitization. Moreover, the evidence is not conclusive about deficiencies in pain modulation processes and presence of central mechanisms in chronic pain conditions.
It is well known that chronic shoulder pain presents a multi-factorial nature. Hypersensitivity in this condition has been linked to persistent activation of peripheral nerves, which can result in an increased excitability of the sensory input and reduced inhibitory effect of pain modulatory mechanisms. On the other hand, the role the central sensitization plays is not completely clear in this type of patients, but could also contribute to the hypersensitivity in some patients.However, it has been shown that there is a remarkable variability in the presence of central effects among chronic patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in sensory processing and in pain modulatory mechanisms in individuals with and without shoulder pain.
Read the detailed description
This quasi-experimental study comprise a sample of 64 volunteers with and without unilateral shoulder pain (32 volunteers for each group). Patients of both genders, aged between 18 and 35 years old will be potential candidates for participating in the study. To be included, they must meet inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria for the patient group requires volunteers to report unilateral shoulder pain for more than 6 weeks and to be symptomatic at the time of evaluation.
The study will be conducted in two experimental sessions on different days, at least 48 to 72 hours apart each other in order to avoid carryover effects. In each experimental session, several measurements will be performed to assess different physiological parameters, including: visual analog scale (VAS), pressure pain thresholds (PPT), temperature thresholds, specific and generic self-report questionnaire, shoulder joint position sense, and muscle activity. In order to test change induced by transient muscle pain, healthy participants will receive shortwave diathermy (SWD) applications. Volunteers will be invited to participate in the study through social networks and e-mail.
In the first session, participants will be interviewed to collect anthropometric data and health history. Basic upper quadrant physical examination will be performed to check inclusion or exclusion criteria. Then, VAS, shoulder joint position sensation, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (ÖMPQ) will be assessed. Heat and cold perception threshold as well as heat pain threshold will be assessed using a controlled thermode. Finally, to conclude the first session, conditioned pain modulation (CPM) will be performed to asses inhibitory descendent mechanisms. The CPM protocol will use a cold water bath as the conditioned stimulus, and pressure pain thresholds will be quantify in the belly of the infraspinatus muscle of both shoulders before and after immersion of the hand in cold bath.
In the second session, shortwave diathermy (SWD) will be apply to the healthy participants in order to induce a transient muscle pain. The stimulation will be performed using a CEC M-8 shortwave thermotherapy unit. Before and after the SWD, infraspinatus muscle and deltoid muscle myoelectric activity will be recorded. A multichannel array (6 channels) will be distributed over the infraspinatus muscle to evaluate changes in the distribution of the muscle activity due to pain, whereas monopolar recording will be performed in the medial and posterior deltoid muscle to assess potential crosstalk between recordings. The volunteers will position the arm in 90 degree elevation in the scapular plane (arm flexion), maintaining this position for 8 seconds. This block will be completed in 5 repetitions with 15 seconds of rest between for each trial. Finally, a fatigue task will be executed. For this, flexion and extension of the arm will be executed dynamically in a range of motion between 30 and 90 degree in the scapular plane using a additional weight calculated according to the volunteer body mass (1.25 kg in participants under 68 kg and 2.5 kg in participants over 68 kg). The flexion and extension speed will be guided using a 60 beats/s metronome. In this session, unilateral shoulder pain volunteers will only performed the motor tasks, i.e., they will not received any type of intervention. The healthy and unilateral shoulder pain volunteers will draw their pain distribution on a digital body chart (following the physiotherapist's instructions). Pain drawings will be performed using a PC screen. A modified self-report Likert scale and will be used to follow the temporal progression of muscle pain/soreness, and the McGill questionnaires will be used to describe the sensation.
Sample size considerations:
PPT in healthy participants usually increases 50 kPa after cold water immersion. Sample sized was calculated considering a probability of committing a type I error (α) of 5%, a statistical power (1 - β) of 80%, with a mean standard deviation of the outcome of 48 kpa and a non-inferiority limit of 30 kpa. A sample of 64 volunteers (32 for each group) are required to be 80% sure that the lower limit of a one-sided 95% confidence interval (or equivalently a 90% two-sided confidence interval) will be above the non-inferiority limit of -30. Using this sample the results will show that difference between the healthy and unilateral shoulder pain volunteers (if there is any) cannot be considered clinically relevant.
- Conditions
- Shoulder Pain, Healthy Volunteers
- Being tested
- Short-wave diathermy
- Keywords
- Shoulder pain, Infraspinatus muscle, Muscle pain, Generalized hypersensitivity, Pressure algometry, Conditioned pain modulation
- Medical subject headings
- Shoulder Pain, Myalgia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Short-wave diathermyOther
The SWD will be applied using a CEC M-8 shortwave thermotherapy unit (CEC Electrónica S.R.L., Argentina) that emits RF at a frequency of 27.12 MHz. The device has two rectangular capacitive applicators (18 × 12 cm), which will be placed below and above the dominant shoulder. The coplanar application will be done using the continuous wave mode. The intensity of SWD will be gradually increased until the volunteer perceives a sensation of heat, and once familiar with this perception, the intensity will be increased until a sensation of constant but tolerable pain is evoked. This sensation will be maintained throughout the SWD application, and three repetitions will be performed. Healthy volunteers will be in a lateral supine position, and a cotton towel will be used to absorb perspiration and avoid unwanted heat effects.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Healthy Volunteers | Experimental | Short-wave diathermy Receives: Other: Short-wave diathermy |
| Shoulder Pain | No intervention | Volunteers with unilateral shoulder pain |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM)
CPM will be assessed by immersing the hand up to the wrist in a cold water bath (0.6-0.8°) with a circulating water pump. The dominant arm for healthy and the symptomatic side for unilateral shoulder pain volunteers will be immerse in the cold-water bath. In general, the conditioning stimulus will be applied for 2 min or maximum tolerance (whichever comes first). A computerized, custom-made visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to continuously track the response profile to conditional stimuli across participants during the application of CPM. A numeric rating scale ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 represents no perception, 30 represents pain threshold (defined as the time to reach a painful sensation at the predefined stimulation intensity) and 100 represents the tolerance threshold (defined as the sensation of pain when becomes intolerable). Before and immediately after the immersion, PPT measurements will be assessed on both infraspinatus muscles.
Measured: At baseline and immediately after the cold-water immersion in the first session.
Pressure pain threshold (PPT)
Change in the PPT (kPa) will be assessed bilaterally over the medial portion of the infraspinatus muscle using a digital algometer (Somedic SenseLab AB, Sweden) with a 1-cm2 round tip. Pressure will be gradually increased from 0 kPa at a rate of approximately 50 kPa/s (maximal achievable pressure: 2,000 kPa). The volunteers will be asked to press the button when they perceive that the pressure changes to pain, stopping the estimation at this point. The assessment will be repeated 3 times for each sides, alternating sides between measurements. Each measure will be performed at 30-second intervals.
Measured: At baseline and 30 - 60 minutes after the short-wave diathermia in the second session.
Secondary outcomes (9)
Thermal sensitivity thresholds
Changes in cold and heat perception thresholds (CDT and HDT, respectively, in ºC), and heat pain thresholds (HPT). The cold/heat stimuli will be applies over the infraspinatus muscle area on both participant's shoulder. Tests will be performed in randomized order. Stimuli will be delivered using a thermode with an 9 cm2 contact. The baseline temperature will be set at 30°C and the skin will be cooled (CDT) or heated (HDT) at a rate of 1°C/sec until participants report the first sensation of cold/heat and the pain sensation for the HPT (minimum temperature 0 °C; maximum temperature 50 °C). The thermode then will return to 30 °C at a rate of 5°/sec. A 30-s rest interval will be taken before the next measure. Each test will be repeated 3 times at each assessment point (30 s inter-stimulus interval).
Measured: At baseline in the first session.
Pain intensity
The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) will be use to assess pain intensity. This scale consists of a sequence of numbers from 0 to 10, in which 0 represents "no pain" and 10 represents "worst pain imaginable".
Measured: At baseline in the first session.
Shoulder joint position sensation
Assessment of shoulder joint position sense (º) in the dominant shoulder for healthy and unilateral shoulder pain volunteers in a supine blindfolded position. The physiotherapist will externally rotate the arm to a position of 75% of maximum external rotation, referred to as the target angle, and participants will be instructed to hold that position for three seconds before the physiotherapist passively returns the arm to the starting position. The participant will then be instructed to actively rotate the arm back to the target angle. The physical therapist will measure the angle with a digital inclinometer and record the difference from the target angle (joint position perception error). The measurement will be repeated three times and the mean value of the joint position perception error is used for analysis.
Measured: At baseline in the first session.
Myoelectrical activity (EMG)
Change in muscle activity will be assessed. Monopolar multichannel recording (6 channels) will be distributed spatially across the infraspinatus muscle, and monopolar channels will be recorded for the medial and posterior deltoid muscle. BIO AMP Biopotential amplifier will be used for recording the EMG signals, 8-channel (2 KHz) (UNER, Argentina) during execution of the motor tasks. EMG will be recorded before and after SWD application to assess redistribution of the muscle activity induced by the transient pain. For the unilateral shoulder pain volunteers, EMG will be recorded only during the motor tasks.
Measured: At 10 minutes before and 30 - 60 minutes after the application of SWD for control in the second session.
Pain distribution
Extension of the reported pain drawings. The results will be expressed as the percentage of the total body area.
Measured: At 15 - 30 minutes before recording of muscle activity for chronic patients and 30 - 60 minutes after the application of SWD for control in the second session.
American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (ASES)
Assesment of American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score scale will be used to assess the extent of symptoms in the involved shoulder, and as additional scores to classify the participants into both groups.
This composite instrument provides results in the 0 to 100 range, where 0 indicates a worse shoulder condition and 100 indicates best shoulder condition, so the greater the score, the lower the level of shoulder disability.
Measured: At baseline in the first session.
Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (ÖMPQ)
Assesment of Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire will be used to assesses the psychosocial factors in people with complaints of musculoskeletal disorders and predict those likely to develop persistent symptoms. The total score will range between 1 and 100, with a score 1 indicating no risk estimated for future work disability, and with a score 100 is the worst score.
Measured: At baseline in the first session.
Modified Likert scale
A modified self-report Likert scale was used to follow the temporal progression of muscle pain/soreness after SWD, with 0 defining a complete absence of soreness and 6 indicating severe soreness.
Measured: At 15 - 30 minutes before recording of muscle activity for chronic patients and 30 - 60 minutes after the application of SWD for control in the second session.
McGill questionnaires
McGill questionnaires will be used to describe the sensation.
Measured: At 15 - 30 minutes before recording of muscle activity for chronic patients and 30 - 60 minutes after the application of SWD for control in the second session.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted10 May 2022
- Study start1 Apr 2022
- Primary completion8 Aug 2023
- Study completion8 Aug 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (1)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Shoulder PainStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- This is a case-control study in which the control (healthy volunteers) will receive an intervention (SWD).
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Gran Rosario
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Leonardo Intelangelo, University of Gran Rosario
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05368649
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- UGranRosario
- Status last verified
- Sep 2023
- First submitted
- 29 Apr 2022
- Last updated
- 29 Sep 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes
Publications
Mista CA, Laugero SJ, Adur JF, Andersen OK, Biurrun Manresa JA. A new experimental model of muscle pain in humans based on short-wave diathermy. Eur J Pain. 2019 Oct;23(9):1733-1742. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1449. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
PubMed 31251430
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Sep 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Sensory Processing and Pain Modulatory Mechanisms Associated With Characteristics of the Infraspinatus Muscle in Individuals With and Without Shoulder Pain
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05368649
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- UGranRosario
- Conditions
- Shoulder Pain, Healthy Volunteers
- Keywords
- Shoulder pain, Infraspinatus muscle, Muscle pain, Generalized hypersensitivity, Pressure algometry, Conditioned pain modulation
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 64 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of Gran RosarioUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Apr 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 8 Aug 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 8 Aug 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 10 May 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The development of chronic pain is a common complication in shoulder pain conditions. Half of these type of patients exhibit persistent pain even after a period of six to twelve months from the start of their pain treatment. Persistent pain is most likely a result of different biological alterations, including but not limited to tissue damage. Another potential cause is neurogenic inflammation, which can be triggered by applying excessive mechanical stress to a structure or region. Neurogenic inflammation can lead to peripheral sensitization and sensitizing the musculoskeletal tissues in the process, and this sensitization will last until the input is removed. Nevertheless, even though peripheral factors are sufficient to perpetuate pain, the role of central mechanisms cannot be excluded as a potential cause of sensitization. Moreover, the evidence is not conclusive about deficiencies in pain modulation processes and presence of central mechanisms in chronic pain conditions.
It is well known that chronic shoulder pain presents a multi-factorial nature. Hypersensitivity in this condition has been linked to persistent activation of peripheral nerves, which can result in an increased excitability of the sensory input and reduced inhibitory effect of pain modulatory mechanisms. On the other hand, the role the central sensitization plays is not completely clear in this type of patients, but could also contribute to the hypersensitivity in some patients.However, it has been shown that there is a remarkable variability in the presence of central effects among chronic patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate changes in sensory processing and in pain modulatory mechanisms in individuals with and without shoulder pain.
Detailed description
This quasi-experimental study comprise a sample of 64 volunteers with and without unilateral shoulder pain (32 volunteers for each group). Patients of both genders, aged between 18 and 35 years old will be potential candidates for participating in the study. To be included, they must meet inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria for the patient group requires volunteers to report unilateral shoulder pain for more than 6 weeks and to be symptomatic at the time of evaluation.
The study will be conducted in two experimental sessions on different days, at least 48 to 72 hours apart each other in order to avoid carryover effects. In each experimental session, several measurements will be performed to assess different physiological parameters, including: visual analog scale (VAS), pressure pain thresholds (PPT), temperature thresholds, specific and generic self-report questionnaire, shoulder joint position sense, and muscle activity. In order to test change induced by transient muscle pain, healthy participants will receive shortwave diathermy (SWD) applications. Volunteers will be invited to participate in the study through social networks and e-mail.
In the first session, participants will be interviewed to collect anthropometric data and health history. Basic upper quadrant physical examination will be performed to check inclusion or exclusion criteria. Then, VAS, shoulder joint position sensation, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (ÖMPQ) will be assessed. Heat and cold perception threshold as well as heat pain threshold will be assessed using a controlled thermode. Finally, to conclude the first session, conditioned pain modulation (CPM) will be performed to asses inhibitory descendent mechanisms. The CPM protocol will use a cold water bath as the conditioned stimulus, and pressure pain thresholds will be quantify in the belly of the infraspinatus muscle of both shoulders before and after immersion of the hand in cold bath.
In the second session, shortwave diathermy (SWD) will be apply to the healthy participants in order to induce a transient muscle pain. The stimulation will be performed using a CEC M-8 shortwave thermotherapy unit. Before and after the SWD, infraspinatus muscle and deltoid muscle myoelectric activity will be recorded. A multichannel array (6 channels) will be distributed over the infraspinatus muscle to evaluate changes in the distribution of the muscle activity due to pain, whereas monopolar recording will be performed in the medial and posterior deltoid muscle to assess potential crosstalk between recordings. The volunteers will position the arm in 90 degree elevation in the scapular plane (arm flexion), maintaining this position for 8 seconds. This block will be completed in 5 repetitions with 15 seconds of rest between for each trial. Finally, a fatigue task will be executed. For this, flexion and extension of the arm will be executed dynamically in a range of motion between 30 and 90 degree in the scapular plane using a additional weight calculated according to the volunteer body mass (1.25 kg in participants under 68 kg and 2.5 kg in participants over 68 kg). The flexion and extension speed will be guided using a 60 beats/s metronome. In this session, unilateral shoulder pain volunteers will only performed the motor tasks, i.e., they will not received any type of intervention. The healthy and unilateral shoulder pain volunteers will draw their pain distribution on a digital body chart (following the physiotherapist's instructions). Pain drawings will be performed using a PC screen. A modified self-report Likert scale and will be used to follow the temporal progression of muscle pain/soreness, and the McGill questionnaires will be used to describe the sensation.
Sample size considerations:
PPT in healthy participants usually increases 50 kPa after cold water immersion. Sample sized was calculated considering a probability of committing a type I error (α) of 5%, a statistical power (1 - β) of 80%, with a mean standard deviation of the outcome of 48 kpa and a non-inferiority limit of 30 kpa. A sample of 64 volunteers (32 for each group) are required to be 80% sure that the lower limit of a one-sided 95% confidence interval (or equivalently a 90% two-sided confidence interval) will be above the non-inferiority limit of -30. Using this sample the results will show that difference between the healthy and unilateral shoulder pain volunteers (if there is any) cannot be considered clinically relevant.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Non-randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- This is a case-control study in which the control (healthy volunteers) will receive an intervention (SWD).
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Healthy Volunteers | Experimental | Other: Short-wave diathermyShort-wave diathermy |
| Shoulder Pain | No intervention | –Volunteers with unilateral shoulder pain |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 35 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Volunteers with unilateral shoulder pain and mechanosensitivity in the infraspinatus muscle
- pain lasting more than 6 weeks
- Healthy volunteers
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Previous surgery/trauma in the upper limb
- Previous physiotherapy treatments in the shoulder
- Pain intensity ≤ 2 and > 9 (VAS)
- History of neurologic disorders
- Systemic disorders
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Short-wave diathermyThe SWD will be applied using a CEC M-8 shortwave thermotherapy unit (CEC Electrónica S.R.L., Argentina) that emits RF at a frequency of 27.12 MHz. The device has two rectangular capacitive applicators (18 × 12 cm), which will be placed below and above the dominant shoulder. The coplanar application will be done using the continuous wave mode. The intensity of SWD will be gradually increased until the volunteer perceives a sensation of heat, and once familiar with this perception, the intensity will be increased until a sensation of constant but tolerable pain is evoked. This sensation will be maintained throughout the SWD application, and three repetitions will be performed. Healthy volunteers will be in a lateral supine position, and a cotton towel will be used to absorb perspiration and avoid unwanted heat effects. | Other | Healthy Volunteers |
Primary outcome
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM)
Time frame: At baseline and immediately after the cold-water immersion in the first session.
CPM will be assessed by immersing the hand up to the wrist in a cold water bath (0.6-0.8°) with a circulating water pump. The dominant arm for healthy and the symptomatic side for unilateral shoulder pain volunteers will be immerse in the cold-water bath. In general, the conditioning stimulus will be applied for 2 min or maximum tolerance (whichever comes first). A computerized, custom-made visual analog scale (VAS) will be used to continuously track the response profile to conditional stimuli across participants during the application of CPM. A numeric rating scale ranging from 0 to 100, where 0 represents no perception, 30 represents pain threshold (defined as the time to reach a painful sensation at the predefined stimulation intensity) and 100 represents the tolerance threshold (defined as the sensation of pain when becomes intolerable). Before and immediately after the immersion, PPT measurements will be assessed on both infraspinatus muscles.
Pressure pain threshold (PPT)
Time frame: At baseline and 30 - 60 minutes after the short-wave diathermia in the second session.
Change in the PPT (kPa) will be assessed bilaterally over the medial portion of the infraspinatus muscle using a digital algometer (Somedic SenseLab AB, Sweden) with a 1-cm2 round tip. Pressure will be gradually increased from 0 kPa at a rate of approximately 50 kPa/s (maximal achievable pressure: 2,000 kPa). The volunteers will be asked to press the button when they perceive that the pressure changes to pain, stopping the estimation at this point. The assessment will be repeated 3 times for each sides, alternating sides between measurements. Each measure will be performed at 30-second intervals.
9 secondary outcomes
Thermal sensitivity thresholds
Time frame: At baseline in the first session.
Pain intensity
Time frame: At baseline in the first session.
Shoulder joint position sensation
Time frame: At baseline in the first session.
Myoelectrical activity (EMG)
Time frame: At 10 minutes before and 30 - 60 minutes after the application of SWD for control in the second session.
Pain distribution
Time frame: At 15 - 30 minutes before recording of muscle activity for chronic patients and 30 - 60 minutes after the application of SWD for control in the second session.
American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (ASES)
Time frame: At baseline in the first session.
Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Questionnaire (ÖMPQ)
Time frame: At baseline in the first session.
Modified Likert scale
Time frame: At 15 - 30 minutes before recording of muscle activity for chronic patients and 30 - 60 minutes after the application of SWD for control in the second session.
McGill questionnaires
Time frame: At 15 - 30 minutes before recording of muscle activity for chronic patients and 30 - 60 minutes after the application of SWD for control in the second session.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Sep 2023.
- Results publication: PubMed 31251430Mista CA, Laugero SJ, Adur JF, Andersen OK, Biurrun Manresa JA. A new experimental model of muscle pain in humans based on short-wave diathermy. Eur J Pain. 2019 Oct;23(9):1733-1742. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1449. Epub 2019 Jul 24.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Short-wave diathermy in people with Shoulder Pain and Healthy Volunteers, run by University of Gran Rosario at 1 site in Argentina.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Sep 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Argentina. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) (time frame: At baseline and immediately after the cold-water immersion in the first session.). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05368649, which also lists 1 linked publication.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Sep 2023.