Strength TrainingNCT05371587
The Effects of Autonomy and Perceptions on Resistance Training Outcomes
A study testing Autonomy and Perceptions Approach to Resistance Training (APART) and Standard prescription in people with Strength Training, run by Tel Aviv University at 1 site in Israel.
Trial summary
120 participants will be randomized into one of two groups that will perform resistance training at a gym three time per week for three months. One group will follow common resistance training guidelines, whereas the other will exercise according to their preferences and perception of effort. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Strength Training
- What is being tested?
- Autonomy and Perceptions Approach to Resistance Training (APART) and Standard prescription
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 129 participants
- Where
- 1 siteIsrael
- Study dates
- 1 May 2022to 1 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- No health issues preventing resistance training
- Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 ("normal") and 29.9 ("overweight")
- Body weight > 50 Kg
- Without RT experience or with little experience (i.e. less than once a week in the past 12 months).
Who cannot join
- Participants who responded positively to any of the health sections and did not provide medical clearance
- Pregnant women or less than six months after childbirth
- BMI values outside of the specified range
- Body weight < 50 Kg
- RT experience exceeding the specified cut-off (see above)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effects of the Autonomy and Perceptions Approach to Resistance Training (APART) on Body Composition, Physiological and Performance Outcomes in Healthy Young Adults: a Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial
120 participants will be randomized into one of two groups that will perform resistance training at a gym three time per week for three months. One group will follow common resistance training guidelines, whereas the other will exercise according to their preferences and perception of effort. The groups will be compared on the following primary outcomes after six and 12 weeks: body composition, physiological and performance tests. The groups will be compared on the following secondary outcomes every two weeks: enjoyment and satisfaction levels. Adherence rates will be measured throughout the intervention.
Read the detailed description
Develop and test the non-inferiority of a new RT prescription model, entitled The Autonomy and Perceptions Approach to Resistance Training (APART). This approach is simple to follow, individualized, and autonomy supportive. Accordingly, it may assist trainees to overcome some of the limitations of the standard RT prescription approach. Under APART, trainees choose the loads they lift for each exercise according to their preferences, and then complete as many repetitions as required until reaching a specific rating of perceived effort (RPE) value on a 0 (no effort) to 10 (maximal effort) scale (e.g., 8/10). For this non-inferiority randomized controlled trial, the investigators will recruit 120 healthy, sedentary participants, between the ages of 18 and 45, who will be block-randomized by gender and age (18-27, 28-45) to either the APART or the standard groups. Following two baseline-testing sessions and two guided familiarization sessions, participants will independently complete three RT sessions per week for 12 weeks. The following primary outcomes will be assessed after six and 12 weeks: (ⅰ) body composition including fat free mass; (ⅱ) performance measures, including maximal strength and strength endurance; and (ⅲ) physiological measures, including blood profile and hemodynamics. The following secondary outcomes will be measured every two weeks: (ⅳ) psychological measures, including self-efficacy, autonomy, and enjoyment; and (ⅴ) adherence measures, which will be monitored throughout the intervention. If APART will be found to be non-inferior to the standard RT prescription, it can provide a simple and easy to follow alternative to the standard RT prescriptions, which also highlights trainees' preferences and individual abilities. This, in turn, might contribute to future participation and adherence to RT.
- Conditions
- Strength Training
- Being tested
- Autonomy and Perceptions Approach to Resistance Training (APART), Standard prescription
- Keywords
- Autonomy, Perception of effort
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Autonomy and Perceptions Approach to Resistance Training (APART)Other
Alternative resistance training prescription based on trainees' autonomy and perceptions.
Standard prescriptionOther
Standard resistance training prescription, based on international organization's guidelines.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| A - Standard resistance training prescription | Active comparator | Standard resistance training prescription: participants will perform three sessions per week comprised of six resistance training exercises - horizontal leg press, lat-pulldown, knee extension, chest press, leg curls and shoulder press. They will perform 3 sets of 10 repetitions using 65% percent of the maximal load that can be lifted once according to a one repetition maximum (1RM) test. Their progression model will be as follows:
Weeks 1-3 65%1RM; Weeks 4-6 70%1RM; 1RM reassessment at week 6; Weeks 7-9 70% of the updated 1RM; Weeks 10-12 75%1RM.
Prior to beginning of the program four visits will take place:
1. Laboratory visit for measuring physiological and anthropometric outcomes (see outcomes section)
2. 1RM testing
3. Endurance and maximal voluntary contraction testing + introduction with the exercise program
4. A second introduction session with the exercise program Receives: Other: Standard prescription |
| B- Autonomy and perceptions approach to resistance training (APART) | Experimental | Participants will perform 3 sessions/week of the same exercises. They will perform 3 sets of each exercise, self-select the load they lift in each set and perform repetitions aiming to reach a level of effort of 7-8 on a 0-10 rating of perceived effort scale (RPE) at the end of the set. Their progression model will be as follows: Weeks 1-3 RPE 7/10; Weeks 4-12 RPE 8/10. The selected RPE score of 7 and then 8 out of 10 has been shown to lead to increases in maximal strength in previous research. Prior to beginning of the program four visits will take place:
1. Laboratory visit (similar to standard).
2. 1RM testing where the principles of perceived effort will be introduced.
3. Endurance and maximal voluntary contraction testing + introduction with the exercise program. Participants will practice how to self-select the load they prefer and then perform repetitions leading to the target RPE score.
4. A second introduction session with the exercise program and the RPE construct. Receives: Other: Autonomy and Perceptions Approach to Resistance Training (APART) |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in systolic blood pressure
Participants will rest in a relaxed seating position for five minutes. Then their blood pressure and resting heart rate will be taken using an Omron M7 (HEM-780-E) blood pressure measuring device.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) value
The blood samples will be collected by single-use disposable needle. A total of 20 mL of blood will be collected at each time-point in two, 10 mL Vacutainer® tubes: a plasma tube containing anticoagulant and a serum tube where the blood is allowed to clot. Plasma samples will be stored in ice until centrifuged twice at 1,500g for 10 minutes at 4° Celsius. Serum will be kept in room temperature for 60 minutes then centrifuged at 1300g for 10 minutes. Both samples will be divided into separate 1.8-mL microcentrifuge tubes and will be frozen at -80° C for later analysis.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in fasting glucose value
The blood samples will be collected by single-use disposable needle. A total of 20 mL of blood will be collected at each time-point in two, 10 mL Vacutainer® tubes: a plasma tube containing anticoagulant and a serum tube where the blood is allowed to clot. Plasma samples will be stored in ice until centrifuged twice at 1,500g for 10 minutes at 4° Celsius. Serum will be kept in room temperature for 60 minutes then centrifuged at 1300g for 10 minutes. Both samples will be divided into separate 1.8-mL microcentrifuge tubes and will be frozen at -80° C for later analysis
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in fat free mass
Fat free mass will be measured using the SECA mBCA 515 (Seca, Hamburg, Germany), a valid and reliable analyzer of body composition. Participants will drink 400 ml of water before the examination which will take place in the morning. Drinking will be stopped 30 minutes before the examination and participants will be instructed to urinate and remove any jewelries before the examination.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in waist circumference
Waist circumference will be measured according to WHO protocol: Participants will expose the area between their ribs and pelvic. The same investigator will measure the distance between the lower end of their ribcage and the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and measure the waist circumference three times, midway between the two anatomical landmarks. The average value of the three measurements in centimeters will be documented for analysis.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in maximal muscle strength- One repetition maximum
Participants will perform a dynamic warmup including mobility and calisthenics exercises, followed by specific warm up sets of each of the exercises: Horizontal leg press, knee extension and seated chest press (performed on weight-stack machines). Then, up to five attempts will be made to complete one repetition sets with increasing load until the participant either fails to complete the full range of motion or declares she cannot attempt the next set. The load (in kg) of the final successful attempt for each exercise will be documented for analysis. Two to three minutes rest will be provided between the attempts. The order of the exercises will be maintained throughout the assessment points and between participants. The assessments will be carried out by the same experimenter at the same time of day ±2 hours.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in muscle endurance
Participants will perform a dynamic warmup including mobility and calisthenics exercises, followed by specific warm up sets of the knee extension and the chest press exercises. Then, 70% of the participant's identified maximal load (1RM) will be used to perform repetitions until task-failure (i.e., not able to complete another repetition). The number of completed repetitions will be documented for analysis. The same reference load will be used at six weeks. The order of the exercises will be maintained throughout the assessment points and between participants. The assessments will be carried out by the same experimenter at the same time of day ±2 hours.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) - knee extension
Isometric knee extension (using the knee extension machine) - will be assessed in a 90° angle using a link device (Kinvent, Link pull dynamometer) attached to a ratchet belt.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Secondary outcomes (14)
Change in self efficacy questionnaire score
The self-efficacy questionnaire is an eight items questionnaire. Respondents are required to read the statements and rate their level of agreement with each statement on a three points Likert scale. Score-range is 8-24. Higher scores indicate higher levels of self-efficacy.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Enjoyment
Participants will respond to an online survey examining their levels of enjoyment from the training sessions via a bi-polar scale ranging from -50 ("did not enjoy at all") to 50 ("extremely enjoyed").
Measured: Six weeks to twelve weeks
Adherence
Number of entries to the gym, documented by the gym front desk
Measured: End of week 12
Adherence without incentive
Number of entries to the gym, documented by the gym front desk
Measured: From week 12 to week 24
Change in total cholesterol value
The blood samples will be collected by single-use disposable needle. A total of 20 mL of blood will be collected at each time-point in two, 10 mL Vacutainer® tubes: a plasma tube containing anticoagulant and a serum tube where the blood is allowed to clot. Plasma samples will be stored in ice until centrifuged twice at 1,500g for 10 minutes at 4° Celsius. Serum will be kept in room temperature for 60 minutes then centrifuged at 1300g for 10 minutes. Both samples will be divided into separate 1.8-mL microcentrifuge tubes and will be frozen at -80° C for later analysis
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) - horizontal row
Horizontal row (using the T-bar machine) - will be assessed in a 60° elbow angle using a link device (Kinvent, Link pull dynamometer) attached to a ratchet belt. Participants will lean their chest against the padded cushion with their feet stable on a designated built-in platform. They will pull the T-bar arm using a narrow grip. Their elbow angle will be measured using a goniometer. Then, three attempts will be made using 40%, 70% and 90% of their estimated MVC, followed by three attempts of 100% (i.e., MVC). 60 seconds rest will be provided between attempts. The average of the two high results will be documented for analysis.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in Hemoglobin
The blood samples will be collected by single-use disposable needle. A total of 20 mL of blood will be collected at each time-point in two, 10 mL Vacutainer® tubes: a plasma tube containing anticoagulant and a serum tube where the blood is allowed to clot. Plasma tubes will be stored in ice and a complete blood count will be done within 60 minutes via Yumizen H500 analyzer.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) - horizontal row
Isometric horizontal row will be assessed in a 60° elbow flexion angle on the T-bar machine (Nautilus, WA, USA). The same link device will be secured using ratchet belts to match the desired setup for each participant.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) value
The blood samples will be collected by single-use disposable needle. A total of 20 mL of blood will be collected at each time-point in two, 10 mL Vacutainer® tubes: a plasma tube containing anticoagulant and a serum tube where the blood is allowed to clot. Plasma samples will be stored in ice until centrifuged twice at 1,500g for 10 minutes at 4° Celsius. Serum will be kept in room temperature for 60 minutes then centrifuged at 1300g for 10 minutes. Both samples will be divided into separate 1.8-mL microcentrifuge tubes and will be frozen at -80° C for later analysis.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in triglycerides value
The blood samples will be collected by single-use disposable needle. A total of 20 mL of blood will be collected at each time-point in two, 10 mL Vacutainer® tubes: a plasma tube containing anticoagulant and a serum tube where the blood is allowed to clot. Plasma samples will be stored in ice until centrifuged twice at 1,500g for 10 minutes at 4° Celsius. Serum will be kept in room temperature for 60 minutes then centrifuged at 1300g for 10 minutes. Both samples will be divided into separate 1.8-mL microcentrifuge tubes and will be frozen at -80° C for later analysis.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in stroke volume
Participants will wear an FDA approved wristwatch (Biobeat technologies, Petah Tikva, Israel) while resting in a seated position. Measurements will be taken in an urgent mode - every minute for five minutes.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in fat percentage
Fat percent will be measured using the SECA mBCA 515 (Seca, Hamburg, Germany), a valid and reliable analyzer of body composition. Participants will drink 400 ml of water before the examination which will take place in the morning. Drinking will be stopped 30 minutes before the examination and participants will be instructed to urinate and remove any jewelries before the examination.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in body mass index (BMI)
Participants' height will be measured using SECA stadiometer, and body weight will be measured using the SECA mBCA 515 (Seca, Hamburg, Germany), a valid and reliable analyzer of body composition. Participants will drink 400 ml of water before the examination which will take place in the morning. Drinking will be stopped 30 minutes before the examination and participants will be instructed to urinate and remove any jewelries before the examination.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in maximal muscle strength- One repetition maximum - leg curl and shoulder press
Participants will perform a dynamic warmup including mobility and calisthenics exercises, followed by specific warm up sets of each of the exercises leg curl and shoulder press (performed on weight-stack machines). Then, up to five attempts will be made to complete one repetition sets with increasing load until the participant either fails to complete the full range of motion or declares she cannot attempt the next set. The load (in kg) of the final successful attempt for each exercise will be documented for analysis. Two to three minutes rest will be provided between the attempts. The order of the exercises will be maintained throughout the assessment points and between participants. The assessments will be carried out by the same experimenter at the same time of day ±2 hours.
Measured: Baseline to twelve weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 May 2022
- Study start1 May 2022
- Primary completion30 Jun 2024
- Study completion1 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Strength TrainingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- A parallel two-armed, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 129 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Tel Aviv University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Israel Halperin, Tel Aviv University
- Investigators
- Israel Halperin, PhD, Principal investigator, Tel Aviv University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05371587
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- ISF_Halperin_TAU
- Status last verified
- Aug 2024
- First submitted
- 1 May 2022
- Last updated
- 7 Mar 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Westcott WL. Resistance training is medicine: effects of strength training on health. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2012 Jul-Aug;11(4):209-16. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e31825dabb8.
PubMed 22777332Bennie JA, De Cocker K, Smith JJ, Wiesner GH. The epidemiology of muscle-strengthening exercise in Europe: A 28-country comparison including 280,605 adults. PLoS One. 2020 Nov 25;15(11):e0242220. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242220. eCollection 2020.
PubMed 33237930Phillips SM, Winett RA. Uncomplicated resistance training and health-related outcomes: evidence for a public health mandate. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010 Jul-Aug;9(4):208-13. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e3181e7da73.
PubMed 20622538Iwatsuki T, Abdollahipour R, Psotta R, Lewthwaite R, Wulf G. Autonomy facilitates repeated maximum force productions. Hum Mov Sci. 2017 Oct;55:264-268. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.08.016. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
PubMed 28865313Thompson PD, Arena R, Riebe D, Pescatello LS; American College of Sports Medicine. ACSM's new preparticipation health screening recommendations from ACSM's guidelines for exercise testing and prescription, ninth edition. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2013 Jul-Aug;12(4):215-7. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e31829a68cf. No abstract available.
PubMed 23851406Helms ER, Byrnes RK, Cooke DM, Haischer MH, Carzoli JP, Johnson TK, Cross MR, Cronin JB, Storey AG, Zourdos MC. RPE vs. Percentage 1RM Loading in Periodized Programs Matched for Sets and Repetitions. Front Physiol. 2018 Mar 21;9:247. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00247. eCollection 2018.
PubMed 29628895Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5):377-81.
PubMed 7154893
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 7 Mar 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effects of the Autonomy and Perceptions Approach to Resistance Training (APART) on Body Composition, Physiological and Performance Outcomes in Healthy Young Adults: a Non-inferiority Randomized Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05371587
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- ISF_Halperin_TAU
- Conditions
- Strength Training
- Keywords
- Autonomy, Perception of effort
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 129 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Tel Aviv UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 May 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Jun 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 May 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
120 participants will be randomized into one of two groups that will perform resistance training at a gym three time per week for three months. One group will follow common resistance training guidelines, whereas the other will exercise according to their preferences and perception of effort. The groups will be compared on the following primary outcomes after six and 12 weeks: body composition, physiological and performance tests. The groups will be compared on the following secondary outcomes every two weeks: enjoyment and satisfaction levels. Adherence rates will be measured throughout the intervention.
Detailed description
Develop and test the non-inferiority of a new RT prescription model, entitled The Autonomy and Perceptions Approach to Resistance Training (APART). This approach is simple to follow, individualized, and autonomy supportive. Accordingly, it may assist trainees to overcome some of the limitations of the standard RT prescription approach. Under APART, trainees choose the loads they lift for each exercise according to their preferences, and then complete as many repetitions as required until reaching a specific rating of perceived effort (RPE) value on a 0 (no effort) to 10 (maximal effort) scale (e.g., 8/10). For this non-inferiority randomized controlled trial, the investigators will recruit 120 healthy, sedentary participants, between the ages of 18 and 45, who will be block-randomized by gender and age (18-27, 28-45) to either the APART or the standard groups. Following two baseline-testing sessions and two guided familiarization sessions, participants will independently complete three RT sessions per week for 12 weeks. The following primary outcomes will be assessed after six and 12 weeks: (ⅰ) body composition including fat free mass; (ⅱ) performance measures, including maximal strength and strength endurance; and (ⅲ) physiological measures, including blood profile and hemodynamics. The following secondary outcomes will be measured every two weeks: (ⅳ) psychological measures, including self-efficacy, autonomy, and enjoyment; and (ⅴ) adherence measures, which will be monitored throughout the intervention. If APART will be found to be non-inferior to the standard RT prescription, it can provide a simple and easy to follow alternative to the standard RT prescriptions, which also highlights trainees' preferences and individual abilities. This, in turn, might contribute to future participation and adherence to RT.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- A parallel two-armed, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| A - Standard resistance training prescription | Active comparator | Other: Standard prescriptionStandard resistance training prescription: participants will perform three sessions per week comprised of six resistance training exercises - horizontal leg press, lat-pulldown, knee extension, chest press, leg curls and shoulder press. They will perform 3 sets of 10 repetitions using 65% percent of the maximal load that can be lifted once according to a one repetition maximum (1RM) test. Their progression model will be as follows: Weeks 1-3 65%1RM; Weeks 4-6 70%1RM; 1RM reassessment at week 6; Weeks 7-9 70% of the updated 1RM; Weeks 10-12 75%1RM. Prior to beginning of the program four visits will take place: 1. Laboratory visit for measuring physiological and anthropometric outcomes (see outcomes section) 2. 1RM testing 3. Endurance and maximal voluntary contraction testing + introduction with the exercise program 4. A second introduction session with the exercise program |
| B- Autonomy and perceptions approach to resistance training (APART) | Experimental | Other: Autonomy and Perceptions Approach to Resistance Training (APART)Participants will perform 3 sessions/week of the same exercises. They will perform 3 sets of each exercise, self-select the load they lift in each set and perform repetitions aiming to reach a level of effort of 7-8 on a 0-10 rating of perceived effort scale (RPE) at the end of the set. Their progression model will be as follows: Weeks 1-3 RPE 7/10; Weeks 4-12 RPE 8/10. The selected RPE score of 7 and then 8 out of 10 has been shown to lead to increases in maximal strength in previous research. Prior to beginning of the program four visits will take place: 1. Laboratory visit (similar to standard). 2. 1RM testing where the principles of perceived effort will be introduced. 3. Endurance and maximal voluntary contraction testing + introduction with the exercise program. Participants will practice how to self-select the load they prefer and then perform repetitions leading to the target RPE score. 4. A second introduction session with the exercise program and the RPE construct. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- No health issues preventing resistance training
- Body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 ("normal") and 29.9 ("overweight")
- Body weight > 50 Kg
- Without RT experience or with little experience (i.e. less than once a week in the past 12 months).
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Participants who responded positively to any of the health sections and did not provide medical clearance
- Pregnant women or less than six months after childbirth
- BMI values outside of the specified range
- Body weight < 50 Kg
- RT experience exceeding the specified cut-off (see above)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Autonomy and Perceptions Approach to Resistance Training (APART)Alternative resistance training prescription based on trainees' autonomy and perceptions. | Other | B- Autonomy and perceptions approach to resistance training (APART) |
| Standard prescriptionStandard resistance training prescription, based on international organization's guidelines. | Other | A - Standard resistance training prescription |
Primary outcome
Change in systolic blood pressure
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Participants will rest in a relaxed seating position for five minutes. Then their blood pressure and resting heart rate will be taken using an Omron M7 (HEM-780-E) blood pressure measuring device.
Change in Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) value
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
The blood samples will be collected by single-use disposable needle. A total of 20 mL of blood will be collected at each time-point in two, 10 mL Vacutainer® tubes: a plasma tube containing anticoagulant and a serum tube where the blood is allowed to clot. Plasma samples will be stored in ice until centrifuged twice at 1,500g for 10 minutes at 4° Celsius. Serum will be kept in room temperature for 60 minutes then centrifuged at 1300g for 10 minutes. Both samples will be divided into separate 1.8-mL microcentrifuge tubes and will be frozen at -80° C for later analysis.
Change in fasting glucose value
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
The blood samples will be collected by single-use disposable needle. A total of 20 mL of blood will be collected at each time-point in two, 10 mL Vacutainer® tubes: a plasma tube containing anticoagulant and a serum tube where the blood is allowed to clot. Plasma samples will be stored in ice until centrifuged twice at 1,500g for 10 minutes at 4° Celsius. Serum will be kept in room temperature for 60 minutes then centrifuged at 1300g for 10 minutes. Both samples will be divided into separate 1.8-mL microcentrifuge tubes and will be frozen at -80° C for later analysis
Change in fat free mass
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Fat free mass will be measured using the SECA mBCA 515 (Seca, Hamburg, Germany), a valid and reliable analyzer of body composition. Participants will drink 400 ml of water before the examination which will take place in the morning. Drinking will be stopped 30 minutes before the examination and participants will be instructed to urinate and remove any jewelries before the examination.
Change in waist circumference
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Waist circumference will be measured according to WHO protocol: Participants will expose the area between their ribs and pelvic. The same investigator will measure the distance between the lower end of their ribcage and the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and measure the waist circumference three times, midway between the two anatomical landmarks. The average value of the three measurements in centimeters will be documented for analysis.
Change in maximal muscle strength- One repetition maximum
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Participants will perform a dynamic warmup including mobility and calisthenics exercises, followed by specific warm up sets of each of the exercises: Horizontal leg press, knee extension and seated chest press (performed on weight-stack machines). Then, up to five attempts will be made to complete one repetition sets with increasing load until the participant either fails to complete the full range of motion or declares she cannot attempt the next set. The load (in kg) of the final successful attempt for each exercise will be documented for analysis. Two to three minutes rest will be provided between the attempts. The order of the exercises will be maintained throughout the assessment points and between participants. The assessments will be carried out by the same experimenter at the same time of day ±2 hours.
Change in muscle endurance
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Participants will perform a dynamic warmup including mobility and calisthenics exercises, followed by specific warm up sets of the knee extension and the chest press exercises. Then, 70% of the participant's identified maximal load (1RM) will be used to perform repetitions until task-failure (i.e., not able to complete another repetition). The number of completed repetitions will be documented for analysis. The same reference load will be used at six weeks. The order of the exercises will be maintained throughout the assessment points and between participants. The assessments will be carried out by the same experimenter at the same time of day ±2 hours.
Change in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) - knee extension
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Isometric knee extension (using the knee extension machine) - will be assessed in a 90° angle using a link device (Kinvent, Link pull dynamometer) attached to a ratchet belt.
14 secondary outcomes
Change in self efficacy questionnaire score
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Enjoyment
Time frame: Six weeks to twelve weeks
Adherence
Time frame: End of week 12
Adherence without incentive
Time frame: From week 12 to week 24
Change in total cholesterol value
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) - horizontal row
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in Hemoglobin
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) - horizontal row
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) value
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in triglycerides value
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in stroke volume
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in fat percentage
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in body mass index (BMI)
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Change in maximal muscle strength- One repetition maximum - leg curl and shoulder press
Time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 7 Mar 2025.
- Background: PubMed 22777332Westcott WL. Resistance training is medicine: effects of strength training on health. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2012 Jul-Aug;11(4):209-16. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e31825dabb8.
- Background: PubMed 33237930Bennie JA, De Cocker K, Smith JJ, Wiesner GH. The epidemiology of muscle-strengthening exercise in Europe: A 28-country comparison including 280,605 adults. PLoS One. 2020 Nov 25;15(11):e0242220. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242220. eCollection 2020.
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- Background: PubMed 28865313Iwatsuki T, Abdollahipour R, Psotta R, Lewthwaite R, Wulf G. Autonomy facilitates repeated maximum force productions. Hum Mov Sci. 2017 Oct;55:264-268. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2017.08.016. Epub 2017 Sep 1.
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- Background: PubMed 29628895Helms ER, Byrnes RK, Cooke DM, Haischer MH, Carzoli JP, Johnson TK, Cross MR, Cronin JB, Storey AG, Zourdos MC. RPE vs. Percentage 1RM Loading in Periodized Programs Matched for Sets and Repetitions. Front Physiol. 2018 Mar 21;9:247. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00247. eCollection 2018.
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- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Israel Halperin, PhD principal investigator
Tel Aviv University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Autonomy and Perceptions Approach to Resistance Training (APART) and Standard prescription in people with Strength Training, run by Tel Aviv University at 1 site in Israel.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 7 Mar 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Israel. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in systolic blood pressure (time frame: Baseline to twelve weeks). The study lists 8 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05371587, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 7 Mar 2025.