HealthyNCT05372276
Comparison of Mental Skills of Professional Esports Players With Different Levels of Physical Activity
An observational study of Healthy and Physical Inactivity, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Competitive video games, defined as esports, have been increasing in popularity especially in the last ten years. In this study, our primary aim is; to compare the mental abilities of professional esport players with different physical activity levels. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy, Physical Inactivity
- What is being tested?
- Assessment 1, Assessment 2 and Assessment 3
- How many people
- 63 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2022to 1 Dec 2024
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The sample of this research will be formed by professional esports players living in Turkey.
Who may be able to join
- Beingover 18 years old
- Being a professional esports player
- Being contracted with an esports club
- Esports branch includes games played on a computer platform, in sitting position, using mouse, keyboard and monitor.
- Volunteering for the study
Who cannot join
- Sports branches in which different equipments that can change biomechanical properties such as phone, console, joystick are used.
- Having less than 2 years of esports background
- Having any musculoskeletal injury within 6 months
- Having any neurological, rheumatological, cardiac problems
- Having a psychiatric illness
- Having any communication problems
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: A Comparison of Mental Toughness and Mental Imagination Skills of Professional Esports Players With Different Levels of Physical Activity
Competitive video games, defined as esports, have been increasing in popularity especially in the last ten years.
In this study, our primary aim is; to compare the mental abilities of professional esport players with different physical activity levels.
Read the detailed description
Competitive video games, defined as esports, have been increasing in popularity especially in the last ten years.
In this study, our primary aim is; to compare the mental abilities of professional esport players with different physical activity levels.
The second aim of our study is; to reveal information about the physical activity levels of Turkish professional esports players. In addition, pioneering information will be presented to both clinicians and researchers on physical activity in esports, which is frequently discussed today.
- Conditions
- Healthy, Physical Inactivity
- Being tested
- Assessment 1, Assessment 2, Assessment 3, Assessment 4
- Keywords
- esport, physical activity, mental toughness, mental imaginery
- Medical subject headings
- Sedentary Behavior, Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Assessment 1Other
Mental Toughness Questionnaire in Sport
Assessment 2Other
Sport Imagery Questionnaire
Assessment 3Other
The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index
Assessment 4Other
The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Inactive | The score obtained by multiplying the duration, frequency and MET values of the physical activities in which the participants participated in 7 days and for at least 10 minutes is <600 MET - min/week.
After the participants are divided into groups according to their physical activity levels, mental toughness and mental imagery skills will be evaluated with the Mental Toughness Scale and the Sports Imagery Questionnaire. Receives: Other: Assessment 1; Other: Assessment 2; Other: Assessment 3; Other: Assessment 4 | |
| Low Level Physical Activity (PA) | The score obtained by multiplying the duration, frequency and MET values of the physical activities in which the participants participated in 7 days and for at least 10 minutes is 600 - 3000 MET - min/week.
After the participants are divided into groups according to their physical activity levels, mental toughness and mental imagery skills will be evaluated with the Mental Toughness Scale and the Sports Imagery Questionnaire. Receives: Other: Assessment 1; Other: Assessment 2; Other: Assessment 3; Other: Assessment 4 | |
| Adequate Level Physical Activity (PA) | The score obtained by multiplying the duration, frequency and MET values of the physical activities in which the participants participated in 7 days and for at least 10 minutes is >3000 MET - min/week.
After the participants are divided into groups according to their physical activity levels, mental toughness and mental imagery skills will be evaluated with the Mental Toughness Scale and the Sports Imagery Questionnaire. Receives: Other: Assessment 1; Other: Assessment 2; Other: Assessment 3; Other: Assessment 4 |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
The International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ)
The short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (UFAA) will be used to determine the physical activity levels of the participants. The UFAA-Short Form is a valid tool used to assess physical activity in young adults. It is a 7-item scale that evaluates the duration and frequency of vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, walking and sedentary behavior based on MET values. Physical activity levels are classified into 3 categories according to the scores obtained by multiplying the duration, frequency and MET values of the physical activities that the participants participated in within 7 days and for at least 10 minutes. Accordingly, <600 MET - min/week is defined as inactive, 600 - 3000 MET - min/week low, and >3000 MET - min/week is defined as sufficient physical activity level.
Measured: 3 months, July 2022 - September 2022
Secondary outcomes (2)
Mental Toughness Questionnaire in Sports
The mental toughness parameters of the participants will be evaluated face-to-face with the Mental Toughness Questionnaire in Sports. It was developed by Sheard, Golby and Van Wersch in 2009. It is a 14-item scale that includes three sub-dimensions of trust, continuity and control and provides information about mental resilience in young adults. Although there are reverse questions in the scale, it includes a Likert-type evaluation between 1 and 4 (1= Completely false, 4= Completely true). Although the highest score that can be obtained is 56, high scores from the scale show that the athletes have a high level of mental endurance.
Measured: 4 months, September 2022 - December 2022
Sport Imagery Questionaire
The imagination skills of the participants will be evaluated face-to-face with the Sports Imagery Questionnaire. It is a 30-item scale developed by Hall, Mack, Paivio, and Hausenblas in 1998, including 5 sub-dimensions. Each item included in the scale is scored between 1 and 7 by the athletes. Although the highest score that can be obtained is 210, high scores indicate an increase in visualization skills.
Measured: 4 months, September 2022 - December 2022
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted12 May 2022
- Study start1 Nov 2022
- Primary completion1 Apr 2023
- Study completion1 Dec 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (3)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istanbul University - CerrahpasaThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 63 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gulfidan Tokgoz, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
- Investigators
- Ayşe Zengin Alpozgen, PhD, Study director, Istanbul University - CerrahpasaGulfidan Tokgoz, MSc, Principal investigator, Istanbul University - CerrahpasaSahra Şirvan Can, MSc, Principal investigator, Istanbul University - CerrahpasaDoğukan Tongar, MsC, Principal investigator, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05372276
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Istanbul Universty-Cerrahpasa
- Status last verified
- May 2023
- First submitted
- 9 May 2022
- Last updated
- 3 Apr 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Papathanasiou G, Georgoudis G, Georgakopoulos D, Katsouras C, Kalfakakou V, Evangelou A. Criterion-related validity of the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire against exercise capacity in young adults. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2010 Aug;17(4):380-6. doi: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e328333ede6.
PubMed 19940775Gucciardi DF, Hanton S, Fleming S. Are mental toughness and mental health contradictory concepts in elite sport? A narrative review of theory and evidence. J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Mar;20(3):307-311. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.006. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
PubMed 27568074Filgueiras A, Hall CR. Psychometric properties of the Brazilian-adapted version of Sport Imagery Questionnaire. Psicol Reflex Crit. 2017 Oct 4;30(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s41155-017-0075-7.
PubMed 32025976
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 3 Apr 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Comparison of Mental Toughness and Mental Imagination Skills of Professional Esports Players With Different Levels of Physical Activity
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05372276
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Istanbul Universty-Cerrahpasa
- Conditions
- Healthy, Physical Inactivity
- Keywords
- esport, physical activity, mental toughness, mental imaginery
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 63 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University - CerrahpasaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Apr 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Dec 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 12 May 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Competitive video games, defined as esports, have been increasing in popularity especially in the last ten years.
In this study, our primary aim is; to compare the mental abilities of professional esport players with different physical activity levels.
Detailed description
Competitive video games, defined as esports, have been increasing in popularity especially in the last ten years.
In this study, our primary aim is; to compare the mental abilities of professional esport players with different physical activity levels.
The second aim of our study is; to reveal information about the physical activity levels of Turkish professional esports players. In addition, pioneering information will be presented to both clinicians and researchers on physical activity in esports, which is frequently discussed today.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Number of arms
- 3
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Inactive | – | Other: Assessment 1, Other: Assessment 2, Other: Assessment 3, Other: Assessment 4The score obtained by multiplying the duration, frequency and MET values of the physical activities in which the participants participated in 7 days and for at least 10 minutes is <600 MET - min/week. After the participants are divided into groups according to their physical activity levels, mental toughness and mental imagery skills will be evaluated with the Mental Toughness Scale and the Sports Imagery Questionnaire. |
| Low Level Physical Activity (PA) | – | Other: Assessment 1, Other: Assessment 2, Other: Assessment 3, Other: Assessment 4The score obtained by multiplying the duration, frequency and MET values of the physical activities in which the participants participated in 7 days and for at least 10 minutes is 600 - 3000 MET - min/week. After the participants are divided into groups according to their physical activity levels, mental toughness and mental imagery skills will be evaluated with the Mental Toughness Scale and the Sports Imagery Questionnaire. |
| Adequate Level Physical Activity (PA) | – | Other: Assessment 1, Other: Assessment 2, Other: Assessment 3, Other: Assessment 4The score obtained by multiplying the duration, frequency and MET values of the physical activities in which the participants participated in 7 days and for at least 10 minutes is >3000 MET - min/week. After the participants are divided into groups according to their physical activity levels, mental toughness and mental imagery skills will be evaluated with the Mental Toughness Scale and the Sports Imagery Questionnaire. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The sample of this research will be formed by professional esports players living in Turkey.
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Beingover 18 years old
- Being a professional esports player
- Being contracted with an esports club
- Esports branch includes games played on a computer platform, in sitting position, using mouse, keyboard and monitor.
- Volunteering for the study
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Sports branches in which different equipments that can change biomechanical properties such as phone, console, joystick are used.
- Having less than 2 years of esports background
- Having any musculoskeletal injury within 6 months
- Having any neurological, rheumatological, cardiac problems
- Having a psychiatric illness
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Assessment 1Mental Toughness Questionnaire in Sport | Other | Adequate Level Physical Activity (PA), Inactive, Low Level Physical Activity (PA) |
| Assessment 2Sport Imagery Questionnaire | Other | Adequate Level Physical Activity (PA), Inactive, Low Level Physical Activity (PA) |
| Assessment 3The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Other | Adequate Level Physical Activity (PA), Inactive, Low Level Physical Activity (PA) |
| Assessment 4The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) | Other | Adequate Level Physical Activity (PA), Inactive, Low Level Physical Activity (PA) |
Primary outcome
The International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ)
Time frame: 3 months, July 2022 - September 2022
The short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (UFAA) will be used to determine the physical activity levels of the participants. The UFAA-Short Form is a valid tool used to assess physical activity in young adults. It is a 7-item scale that evaluates the duration and frequency of vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, walking and sedentary behavior based on MET values. Physical activity levels are classified into 3 categories according to the scores obtained by multiplying the duration, frequency and MET values of the physical activities that the participants participated in within 7 days and for at least 10 minutes. Accordingly, <600 MET - min/week is defined as inactive, 600 - 3000 MET - min/week low, and >3000 MET - min/week is defined as sufficient physical activity level.
2 secondary outcomes
Mental Toughness Questionnaire in Sports
Time frame: 4 months, September 2022 - December 2022
Sport Imagery Questionaire
Time frame: 4 months, September 2022 - December 2022
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 3 Apr 2025.
- Background: PubMed 19940775Papathanasiou G, Georgoudis G, Georgakopoulos D, Katsouras C, Kalfakakou V, Evangelou A. Criterion-related validity of the short International Physical Activity Questionnaire against exercise capacity in young adults. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2010 Aug;17(4):380-6. doi: 10.1097/HJR.0b013e328333ede6.
- Background: PubMed 27568074Gucciardi DF, Hanton S, Fleming S. Are mental toughness and mental health contradictory concepts in elite sport? A narrative review of theory and evidence. J Sci Med Sport. 2017 Mar;20(3):307-311. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.08.006. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
- Background: PubMed 32025976Filgueiras A, Hall CR. Psychometric properties of the Brazilian-adapted version of Sport Imagery Questionnaire. Psicol Reflex Crit. 2017 Oct 4;30(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s41155-017-0075-7.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Ayşe Zengin Alpozgen, PhD study director
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Gulfidan Tokgoz, MSc principal investigator
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
Sahra Şirvan Can, MSc principal investigator
Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Healthy and Physical Inactivity, run by Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 3 Apr 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
The International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) (time frame: 3 months, July 2022 - September 2022). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05372276, which also lists 3 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 3 Apr 2025.