Cardiac Allograft VasculopathyPhase 4NCT05373108
Endothelin-1 and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy (CAV)
A Phase 4 study testing Macitentan in people with Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy, run by University of California, Los Angeles at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Many patients with end-stage heart failure, a condition in which the heart fails to pump enough blood to support the body's other organs, are fortunate enough to receive a heart transplant. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
- What is being tested?
- Macitentan
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 19 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 19 May 2022to 14 Feb 2023
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- 1) New heart transplant recipients already enrolled into a prospective cohort (parent) study
- 1a) Underwent baseline coronary angiography within the first 4 months of heart transplantation
- 1b) Have yet to complete 1-year coronary angiogram
- 2) ≥18 years old
- 3) Have a serum creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL (to minimize risk of contrast-induced nephropathy)
- 4) Able to provide informed written consent.
Who cannot join
- 1) Multi-organ transplant
- 2) Transplant-related complications and comorbidities that preclude the ability to safely perform an invasive coronary evaluation in the cardiac catheterization laboratory
- 3) Pregnant women due to possible fetal harm; all women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 1 week of starting Macitentan, and 30 days after completing the one-week course of Macitentan.
- 4) Patients who are taking potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g. ketoconazole, ritonavir) as these drugs can expose one to higher levels of macitentan
- 5) Cirrhosis or baseline liver function tests (AST/ALT) > 3x the upper limit of normal
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Ronald Regan UCLA Medical Center
Los Angeles, California, 90095
About this study
Official title: Impact of Endothelin-1 on the Development of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Heart Transplant Recipients: Endothelin Receptor Antagonism and Vasomotor Function
Many patients with end-stage heart failure, a condition in which the heart fails to pump enough blood to support the body's other organs, are fortunate enough to receive a heart transplant. However, despite taking medicines aimed at blunting the immune system's response to the donor heart, some of them will develop transplant-related disease in the coronary arteries supplying their hearts. Fifty years after the first human-to-human heart transplant, this disorder-cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV)-remains a leading cause of long-term death and has been coined the 'Achilles' Heel' of heart transplantation. Indeed, a better understanding of how CAV occurs and improved therapies to prevent and/or slow its development are desperately needed to meaningfully impact patient outcomes.
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a key molecular regulator of arterial health, and our prior data suggests that it is associated with accelerated CAV. In this particular study of recent heart transplant recipients, we are asking: Does ET-1 contribute to the coronary artery's capacity to dilate/constrict? To answer this question, during the cardiac catheterization at 1 year post-transplant (standard of care), we will measure blood levels of ET-1 and perform an invasive evaluation of coronary vasomotor function inn a consecutive subset of patients who will have received a 1-week course of the oral endothelin receptor antagonist (macitentan) prior this catheterization, which will allow us to test how much ET-1 contributes to coronary responsiveness.
The findings from this study may provide the necessary foundation to study whether endothelin receptor antagonists are able to effectively reduce the rate of accelerated CAV.
- Conditions
- Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
- Being tested
- Macitentan
- Keywords
- Heart Transplantation, Endothelin-1, Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
MacitentanDrug
Also called Opsumit
Macitentan is a nonselective endothelin-receptor antagonist (ERA) that is approved for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); the use of Macitentan in post-heart transplant patients is considered investigational.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Arm | Experimental | A consecutive subset of eligible patients based on inclusion/exclusion criteria will receive a 1-week course of Macitentan (10 mg po daily) prior to their routine 1-year coronary angiogram (7th and final dose of Macitentan will occur on the day of the angiogram). Receives: Drug: Macitentan |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Macitentan: Nitroglycerin (NTG) Luminal Dilation Ratio as Proportion of Vasomotor Tone Attributable to Endothelin-1 (ET-1)
Macitentan: NTG luminal volume dilation ratio on Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS). Vasodilation achieved by Macitentan was compared with that after intracoronary nitroglycerin, a maximal dilator of epicardial arteries, to determine the relative contribution of ET-1 to the overall resting vasomotor tone. The contribution of ET-1 to resting vasomotor tone is expressed as the ratio of dilation to Macitentan over the dilation to nitroglycerin.
Measured: End of study week 1 (time of 1 year post-transplant coronary angiogram)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted13 May 2022
- Study start19 May 2022
- Primary completion14 Feb 2023
- Study completion14 Feb 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Publications (20)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Cardiac Allograft VasculopathyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of California, Los AngelesThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 19 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, Los Angeles
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- American Heart Association, Janssen, LP
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Rushi V. Parikh, University of California, Los Angeles
- Investigators
- Rushi Parikh, MD, Principal investigator, Assistant Clinical Professor; University of California, Los Angeles
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05373108
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 18-001544
- Status last verified
- Feb 2024
- First submitted
- 9 May 2022
- Last updated
- 12 Mar 2024
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Cooper DK. Christiaan Barnard and his contributions to heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2001 Jun;20(6):599-610. doi: 10.1016/s1053-2498(00)00245-x.
PubMed 11404164Lund LH, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, Benden C, Dipchand AI, Goldfarb S, Levvey BJ, Meiser B, Rossano JW, Yusen RD, Stehlik J. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirty-second Official Adult Heart Transplantation Report--2015; Focus Theme: Early Graft Failure. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2015 Oct;34(10):1244-54. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.08.003. Epub 2015 Aug 28. No abstract available.
PubMed 26454738Chih S, Chong AY, Mielniczuk LM, Bhatt DL, Beanlands RS. Allograft Vasculopathy: The Achilles' Heel of Heart Transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Jul 5;68(1):80-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.04.033.
PubMed 27364054Mitchell RN, Libby P. Vascular remodeling in transplant vasculopathy. Circ Res. 2007 Apr 13;100(7):967-78. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000261982.76892.09.
PubMed 17431198Kobashigawa JA, Tobis JM, Starling RC, Tuzcu EM, Smith AL, Valantine HA, Yeung AC, Mehra MR, Anzai H, Oeser BT, Abeywickrama KH, Murphy J, Cretin N. Multicenter intravascular ultrasound validation study among heart transplant recipients: outcomes after five years. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 May 3;45(9):1532-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.035.
PubMed 15862430Tuzcu EM, Kapadia SR, Sachar R, Ziada KM, Crowe TD, Feng J, Magyar WA, Hobbs RE, Starling RC, Young JB, McCarthy P, Nissen SE. Intravascular ultrasound evidence of angiographically silent progression in coronary atherosclerosis predicts long-term morbidity and mortality after cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 May 3;45(9):1538-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.076.
PubMed 15862431Bohm F, Pernow J. The importance of endothelin-1 for vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res. 2007 Oct 1;76(1):8-18. doi: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.06.004. Epub 2007 Jun 16.
PubMed 17617392Davenport AP, Hyndman KA, Dhaun N, Southan C, Kohan DE, Pollock JS, Pollock DM, Webb DJ, Maguire JJ. Endothelin. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Apr;68(2):357-418. doi: 10.1124/pr.115.011833.
PubMed 26956245Sidharta PN, van Giersbergen PL, Dingemanse J. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of macitentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in an ascending multiple-dose study in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Nov;53(11):1131-8. doi: 10.1002/jcph.152. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
PubMed 23900878Okada K, Nishida Y, Murakami H, Sugimoto I, Kosaka H, Morita H, Yamashita C, Okada M. Role of endogenous endothelin in the development of graft arteriosclerosis in rat cardiac allografts: antiproliferative effects of bosentan, a nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist. Circulation. 1998 Jun 16;97(23):2346-51. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.97.23.2346.
PubMed 9639379Simonson MS, Herman WH, Robinson A, Schulak J, Hricik DE. Inhibition of endothelin-converting enzyme attenuates transplant vasculopathy and rejection in rat cardiac allografts. Transplantation. 1999 Jun 27;67(12):1542-7. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199906270-00007.
PubMed 10401760Simonson MS, Robinson AV, Schulak JA, Hricik DE. Inhibition of endothelin-1 improves survival and vasculopathy in rat cardiac transplants treated with cyclosporine. Transplantation. 2002 Apr 15;73(7):1054-9. doi: 10.1097/00007890-200204150-00007.
PubMed 11965031Yamaguchi A, Miniati DN, Hirata Ki, Hoyt EG, Robbins RC. Ex vivo blockade of endothelin-1 inhibits graft coronary artery disease in a rodent cardiac allograft model. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2002 Apr;21(4):417-24. doi: 10.1016/s1053-2498(01)00397-7.
PubMed 11927217Ravalli S, Szabolcs M, Albala A, Michler RE, Cannon PJ. Increased immunoreactive endothelin-1 in human transplant coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1996 Nov 1;94(9):2096-102. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.94.9.2096.
PubMed 8901657Weis M, Wildhirt SM, Schulze C, Rieder G, Wilbert-Lampen U, Wolf WP, Arendt RM, Enders G, Meiser BM, von Scheidt W. Endothelin in coronary endothelial dysfunction early after human heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1999 Nov;18(11):1071-9. doi: 10.1016/s1053-2498(99)00081-9.
PubMed 10598730
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 12 Mar 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Impact of Endothelin-1 on the Development of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Heart Transplant Recipients: Endothelin Receptor Antagonism and Vasomotor Function
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05373108
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 18-001544
- Conditions
- Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
- Keywords
- Heart Transplantation, Endothelin-1, Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 19 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of California, Los AngelesUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- American Heart Association, Janssen, LP
- Study start
- 19 May 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 14 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 14 Feb 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 13 May 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 12 Mar 2024
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Many patients with end-stage heart failure, a condition in which the heart fails to pump enough blood to support the body's other organs, are fortunate enough to receive a heart transplant. However, despite taking medicines aimed at blunting the immune system's response to the donor heart, some of them will develop transplant-related disease in the coronary arteries supplying their hearts. Fifty years after the first human-to-human heart transplant, this disorder-cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV)-remains a leading cause of long-term death and has been coined the 'Achilles' Heel' of heart transplantation. Indeed, a better understanding of how CAV occurs and improved therapies to prevent and/or slow its development are desperately needed to meaningfully impact patient outcomes.
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a key molecular regulator of arterial health, and our prior data suggests that it is associated with accelerated CAV. In this particular study of recent heart transplant recipients, we are asking: Does ET-1 contribute to the coronary artery's capacity to dilate/constrict? To answer this question, during the cardiac catheterization at 1 year post-transplant (standard of care), we will measure blood levels of ET-1 and perform an invasive evaluation of coronary vasomotor function inn a consecutive subset of patients who will have received a 1-week course of the oral endothelin receptor antagonist (macitentan) prior this catheterization, which will allow us to test how much ET-1 contributes to coronary responsiveness.
The findings from this study may provide the necessary foundation to study whether endothelin receptor antagonists are able to effectively reduce the rate of accelerated CAV.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Other
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention Arm | Experimental | Drug: MacitentanA consecutive subset of eligible patients based on inclusion/exclusion criteria will receive a 1-week course of Macitentan (10 mg po daily) prior to their routine 1-year coronary angiogram (7th and final dose of Macitentan will occur on the day of the angiogram). |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- 1) New heart transplant recipients already enrolled into a prospective cohort (parent) study
- 1a) Underwent baseline coronary angiography within the first 4 months of heart transplantation
- 1b) Have yet to complete 1-year coronary angiogram
- 2) ≥18 years old
- 3) Have a serum creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL (to minimize risk of contrast-induced nephropathy)
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- 1) Multi-organ transplant
- 2) Transplant-related complications and comorbidities that preclude the ability to safely perform an invasive coronary evaluation in the cardiac catheterization laboratory
- 3) Pregnant women due to possible fetal harm; all women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test within 1 week of starting Macitentan, and 30 days after completing the one-week course of Macitentan.
- 4) Patients who are taking potent CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g. ketoconazole, ritonavir) as these drugs can expose one to higher levels of macitentan
- 5) Cirrhosis or baseline liver function tests (AST/ALT) > 3x the upper limit of normal
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| MacitentanAlso: OpsumitMacitentan is a nonselective endothelin-receptor antagonist (ERA) that is approved for use in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); the use of Macitentan in post-heart transplant patients is considered investigational. | Drug | Intervention Arm |
Primary outcome
Macitentan: Nitroglycerin (NTG) Luminal Dilation Ratio as Proportion of Vasomotor Tone Attributable to Endothelin-1 (ET-1)
Time frame: End of study week 1 (time of 1 year post-transplant coronary angiogram)
Macitentan: NTG luminal volume dilation ratio on Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS). Vasodilation achieved by Macitentan was compared with that after intracoronary nitroglycerin, a maximal dilator of epicardial arteries, to determine the relative contribution of ET-1 to the overall resting vasomotor tone. The contribution of ET-1 to resting vasomotor tone is expressed as the ratio of dilation to Macitentan over the dilation to nitroglycerin.
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 12 Mar 2024.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Background: PubMed 11404164Cooper DK. Christiaan Barnard and his contributions to heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2001 Jun;20(6):599-610. doi: 10.1016/s1053-2498(00)00245-x.
- Background: PubMed 26454738Lund LH, Edwards LB, Kucheryavaya AY, Benden C, Dipchand AI, Goldfarb S, Levvey BJ, Meiser B, Rossano JW, Yusen RD, Stehlik J. The Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirty-second Official Adult Heart Transplantation Report--2015; Focus Theme: Early Graft Failure. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2015 Oct;34(10):1244-54. doi: 10.1016/j.healun.2015.08.003. Epub 2015 Aug 28. No abstract available.
- Background: PubMed 27364054Chih S, Chong AY, Mielniczuk LM, Bhatt DL, Beanlands RS. Allograft Vasculopathy: The Achilles' Heel of Heart Transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016 Jul 5;68(1):80-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2016.04.033.
- Background: PubMed 17431198Mitchell RN, Libby P. Vascular remodeling in transplant vasculopathy. Circ Res. 2007 Apr 13;100(7):967-78. doi: 10.1161/01.RES.0000261982.76892.09.
- Background: PubMed 15862430Kobashigawa JA, Tobis JM, Starling RC, Tuzcu EM, Smith AL, Valantine HA, Yeung AC, Mehra MR, Anzai H, Oeser BT, Abeywickrama KH, Murphy J, Cretin N. Multicenter intravascular ultrasound validation study among heart transplant recipients: outcomes after five years. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 May 3;45(9):1532-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2005.02.035.
- Background: PubMed 15862431Tuzcu EM, Kapadia SR, Sachar R, Ziada KM, Crowe TD, Feng J, Magyar WA, Hobbs RE, Starling RC, Young JB, McCarthy P, Nissen SE. Intravascular ultrasound evidence of angiographically silent progression in coronary atherosclerosis predicts long-term morbidity and mortality after cardiac transplantation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 May 3;45(9):1538-42. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.12.076.
- Background: PubMed 17617392Bohm F, Pernow J. The importance of endothelin-1 for vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res. 2007 Oct 1;76(1):8-18. doi: 10.1016/j.cardiores.2007.06.004. Epub 2007 Jun 16.
- Background: PubMed 26956245Davenport AP, Hyndman KA, Dhaun N, Southan C, Kohan DE, Pollock JS, Pollock DM, Webb DJ, Maguire JJ. Endothelin. Pharmacol Rev. 2016 Apr;68(2):357-418. doi: 10.1124/pr.115.011833.
- Background: PubMed 23900878Sidharta PN, van Giersbergen PL, Dingemanse J. Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of macitentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist, in an ascending multiple-dose study in healthy subjects. J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Nov;53(11):1131-8. doi: 10.1002/jcph.152. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
- Background: PubMed 9639379Okada K, Nishida Y, Murakami H, Sugimoto I, Kosaka H, Morita H, Yamashita C, Okada M. Role of endogenous endothelin in the development of graft arteriosclerosis in rat cardiac allografts: antiproliferative effects of bosentan, a nonselective endothelin receptor antagonist. Circulation. 1998 Jun 16;97(23):2346-51. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.97.23.2346.
- Background: PubMed 10401760Simonson MS, Herman WH, Robinson A, Schulak J, Hricik DE. Inhibition of endothelin-converting enzyme attenuates transplant vasculopathy and rejection in rat cardiac allografts. Transplantation. 1999 Jun 27;67(12):1542-7. doi: 10.1097/00007890-199906270-00007.
- Background: PubMed 11965031Simonson MS, Robinson AV, Schulak JA, Hricik DE. Inhibition of endothelin-1 improves survival and vasculopathy in rat cardiac transplants treated with cyclosporine. Transplantation. 2002 Apr 15;73(7):1054-9. doi: 10.1097/00007890-200204150-00007.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Rushi Parikh, MD principal investigator
Assistant Clinical Professor; University of California, Los Angeles
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Macitentan in people with Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy, run by University of California, Los Angeles at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Mar 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 12 Mar 2024). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Macitentan: Nitroglycerin (NTG) Luminal Dilation Ratio as Proportion of Vasomotor Tone Attributable to Endothelin-1 (ET-1) (time frame: End of study week 1 (time of 1 year post-transplant coronary angiogram)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05373108, which also lists 20 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Mar 2024.