Basic ScienceNCT05374460
Factors Affecting Sensory and Motor Learning
A study testing Explanatory diagram, Direct vision and Movement feedback, target hand in people with Basic Science, run by Indiana University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
How participants perceive the position of their own hand in various contexts will be examined. This will include changing the visual display to suggest the hand is in a slightly different position, and asking participants to indicate where they think it is by pointing with their other hand. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 45 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Basic Science
- What is being tested?
- Explanatory diagram, Direct vision and Movement feedback, target hand
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 389 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 29 Apr 2022to 30 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 45 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Between the ages of 18-45 years old
- Right-handed.
- Covid has been found to have neurological effects in some people, but mostly the effects on sensorimotor control and neurophysiology are unknown. So we will only include individuals who report being free of Covid symptoms in week preceding testing.
Who cannot join
- Past or present history of seizure, stroke, any brain or peripheral nerve disease, severe head trauma, or spinal cord surgery.
- Learning or attention conditions such as ADHD.
- Orthopedic or pain conditions, or a history of seriously injured bones, joints or muscles in either arm.
- Lack of normal or corrected-to-normal vision.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
How participants perceive the position of their own hand in various contexts will be examined. This will include changing the visual display to suggest the hand is in a slightly different position, and asking participants to indicate where they think it is by pointing with their other hand.
Read the detailed description
Hand position can be estimated visually, from an image on the retina, and proprioceptively, from sensors in the joints, muscles, and skin. The brain is thought to weight and combine available sensory estimates to form an integrated multisensory estimate. Inherent in this process is the capacity to realign one or both sensory estimates when they become spatially mismatched, as when washing dishes with the hands immersed in water, which refracts light. It is generally assumed that if a person knows about the sensory mismatch somehow, the realignment will not occur. This assumption will be tested in two experiments by giving people this information in different ways. Expt. A: Conscious awareness of the mismatch will be presented in different ways, or absent. Expt. B: Movement error feedback will be presented in different ways, or absent.
- Conditions
- Basic Science
- Being tested
- Explanatory diagram, Direct vision, Movement feedback, target hand, Movement feedback, pointing hand, No movement feedback
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Explanatory diagramBehavioural
Participant is told there will be a mismatch between their target finger and the visual indicator of target finger position. They will be shown a diagram explaining this.
Direct visionBehavioural
Foamboard under mirror removed, making the mirror see-through and the hand directly visible. Mismatch between target hand and visual indicator will be directly visible.
Movement feedback, target handBehavioural
After the participant points at each target, a cursor indicating final pointing position will be displayed briefly. The visual indicator of the target hand will be displaced.
Movement feedback, pointing handBehavioural
After the participant points at each target, a cursor indicating final pointing position will be displayed briefly. The visual indicator of the target hand will not change, but the cursor indicating pointing hand position will change.
No movement feedbackBehavioural
The visual indicator of the target hand will be displaced, but there will be no cursor to indicate the pointing hand's position.
Attend to the targetsBehavioural
Participants will not be told anything about the visuo-proprioceptive mismatch. Instead, they will be asked simply to attend to the target positions.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Conscious awareness: No information | Sham comparator | Told nothing about the visuo-proprioceptive mismatch. Hand remains hidden beneath mirror that shows visual display. (control) Receives: Behavioral: Attend to the targets |
| Conscious awareness: Explanatory diagram | Experimental | Told in advance about the visuo-proprioceptive mismatch, which will be explained with a diagram. Hand remains hidden. Receives: Behavioral: Explanatory diagram |
| Conscious awareness: Direct vision of hand | Experimental | Foamboard under mirror removed, making the mirror see-through and the hand directly visible. Receives: Behavioral: Direct vision |
| Movement feedback: No feedback | Sham comparator | No movement feedback (control) Receives: Behavioral: No movement feedback |
| Movement feedback: Target hand | Experimental | Movement feedback about the target hand. Receives: Behavioral: Movement feedback, target hand |
| Movement feedback: Pointing hand | Experimental | Movement feedback about the pointing hand. Receives: Behavioral: Movement feedback, pointing hand |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Realignment
Measured by comparing where the subject points on a touchscreen when indicating perceived position of visual and proprioceptive targets early vs. late in the behavioral task.
Measured: 1 day
Secondary outcomes (2)
Visuo-proprioceptive weighting
The degree to which participant relies on vision vs. proprioception when both are available. Measured by comparing where the subject points on a touchscreen when indicating perceived position of visual vs. proprioceptive targets.
Measured: 1 day
Target estimation variance
Variance with which participant estimate visual and proprioceptive target positions. Computed from where subjects point at targets on a touchscreen.
Measured: 1 day.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted16 May 2022
- Study start29 Apr 2022
- Primary completion30 Apr 2025
- Study completion30 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Basic ScienceStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 389 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Indiana University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, David Koceja, Indiana University
- Investigators
- David Koceja, PhD, Principal investigator, Indiana University, Bloomington
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05374460
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 14804
- Other IDs
- R01NS112367-01A1
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 10 May 2022
- Last updated
- 31 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: All IPD that underlie results published in peer-reviewed journals will be shared. Only de-identified data will be shared.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Factors Affecting Sensory and Motor Learning
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05374460
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 14804
- Conditions
- Basic Science
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 389 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Indiana UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
- Study start
- 29 Apr 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Apr 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 16 May 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
How participants perceive the position of their own hand in various contexts will be examined. This will include changing the visual display to suggest the hand is in a slightly different position, and asking participants to indicate where they think it is by pointing with their other hand.
Detailed description
Hand position can be estimated visually, from an image on the retina, and proprioceptively, from sensors in the joints, muscles, and skin. The brain is thought to weight and combine available sensory estimates to form an integrated multisensory estimate. Inherent in this process is the capacity to realign one or both sensory estimates when they become spatially mismatched, as when washing dishes with the hands immersed in water, which refracts light. It is generally assumed that if a person knows about the sensory mismatch somehow, the realignment will not occur. This assumption will be tested in two experiments by giving people this information in different ways. Expt. A: Conscious awareness of the mismatch will be presented in different ways, or absent. Expt. B: Movement error feedback will be presented in different ways, or absent.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 6
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Conscious awareness: No information | Sham comparator | Behavioral: Attend to the targetsTold nothing about the visuo-proprioceptive mismatch. Hand remains hidden beneath mirror that shows visual display. (control) |
| Conscious awareness: Explanatory diagram | Experimental | Behavioral: Explanatory diagramTold in advance about the visuo-proprioceptive mismatch, which will be explained with a diagram. Hand remains hidden. |
| Conscious awareness: Direct vision of hand | Experimental | Behavioral: Direct visionFoamboard under mirror removed, making the mirror see-through and the hand directly visible. |
| Movement feedback: No feedback | Sham comparator | Behavioral: No movement feedbackNo movement feedback (control) |
| Movement feedback: Target hand | Experimental | Behavioral: Movement feedback, target handMovement feedback about the target hand. |
| Movement feedback: Pointing hand | Experimental | Behavioral: Movement feedback, pointing handMovement feedback about the pointing hand. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 45 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Between the ages of 18-45 years old
- Right-handed.
- Covid has been found to have neurological effects in some people, but mostly the effects on sensorimotor control and neurophysiology are unknown. So we will only include individuals who report being free of Covid symptoms in week preceding testing.
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Past or present history of seizure, stroke, any brain or peripheral nerve disease, severe head trauma, or spinal cord surgery.
- Learning or attention conditions such as ADHD.
- Orthopedic or pain conditions, or a history of seriously injured bones, joints or muscles in either arm.
- Lack of normal or corrected-to-normal vision.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Explanatory diagramParticipant is told there will be a mismatch between their target finger and the visual indicator of target finger position. They will be shown a diagram explaining this. | Behavioural | Conscious awareness: Explanatory diagram |
| Direct visionFoamboard under mirror removed, making the mirror see-through and the hand directly visible. Mismatch between target hand and visual indicator will be directly visible. | Behavioural | Conscious awareness: Direct vision of hand |
| Movement feedback, target handAfter the participant points at each target, a cursor indicating final pointing position will be displayed briefly. The visual indicator of the target hand will be displaced. | Behavioural | Movement feedback: Target hand |
| Movement feedback, pointing handAfter the participant points at each target, a cursor indicating final pointing position will be displayed briefly. The visual indicator of the target hand will not change, but the cursor indicating pointing hand position will change. | Behavioural | Movement feedback: Pointing hand |
| No movement feedbackThe visual indicator of the target hand will be displaced, but there will be no cursor to indicate the pointing hand's position. | Behavioural | Movement feedback: No feedback |
| Attend to the targetsParticipants will not be told anything about the visuo-proprioceptive mismatch. Instead, they will be asked simply to attend to the target positions. | Behavioural | Conscious awareness: No information |
Primary outcome
Realignment
Time frame: 1 day
Measured by comparing where the subject points on a touchscreen when indicating perceived position of visual and proprioceptive targets early vs. late in the behavioral task.
2 secondary outcomes
Visuo-proprioceptive weighting
Time frame: 1 day
Target estimation variance
Time frame: 1 day.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. All IPD that underlie results published in peer-reviewed journals will be shared. Only de-identified data will be shared.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
David Koceja, PhD principal investigator
Indiana University, Bloomington
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Explanatory diagram, Direct vision and Movement feedback, target hand in people with Basic Science, run by Indiana University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Realignment (time frame: 1 day). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Aug 2026.