Stage I or II Micro-invasive Oral CancerPMLOSNCT05417529
Preoperative Music Listening in Odontostomatological Surgery (PMLOS)
A study testing music therapy intervention and Standard Preparation in people with Stage I or II Micro-invasive Oral Cancer, run by Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari at 1 site in Italy.
Trial summary
People undergoing general anesthesia for oral cancer diagnosis and treatment often experience heightened anxiety, fear and stress with negative bodily responses, such as tachycardia, hypertension, increased myocardial consumption of O2, arrhythmias, increased peripheral resistance, hypercoagulability, immunodeficiency… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Stage I or II Micro-invasive Oral Cancer
- What is being tested?
- music therapy intervention and Standard Preparation
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteItaly
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2020to 15 Mar 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- >18 years
- no severe neurological or psychiatric conditions,
- no hearing impairment,
- no drugs abuse,
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score I to III
Who cannot join
- < 18 years
- severe neurological or psychiatric conditions,
- hearing impairment,
- drugs abuse,
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score IV to V
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Preoperative Music Listening Versus Intravenous Midazolam (PMLOS) on Anxiety, Sedation and Stress in Odontostomatological Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Study
People undergoing general anesthesia for oral cancer diagnosis and treatment often experience heightened anxiety, fear and stress with negative bodily responses, such as tachycardia, hypertension, increased myocardial consumption of O2, arrhythmias, increased peripheral resistance, hypercoagulability, immunodeficiency and catabolic response . Emotional distress and pain may be managed by pre-procedurally application of anxiolytic, analgesic, and anesthetic drugs, but with potential risks or side effects such as respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, confusion, memory loss, hypoxemia, and drug-drug interactions. This may result in adverse outcomes, such as delayed healing, increased healthcare utilization, and cost.
A recent Cochrane review showed that benzodiazepines reduce pre-procedural anxiety compared with placebo with a low quality of evidence.
Read more
Music therapy (MT), defined as the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions by a trained professional for the purpose of achieving individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship between patient, music and music therapist 6 , may be used as a safe and cost-effective complementary intervention in adjunct to standard surgical care.
During surgery, music is a powerful positive stimulus that evokes and modulates emotions as well as mood, face mask adverse stimuli, and improves emotional health through coping.
Music therapy and music medicine interventions are effective to prevent and treat emotional distress and pain before, during and after medical procedures .
Evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews shows that music interventions affect positively anxiety in patients with cancer, coronary heart diseases and in patients on mechanical ventilation .
Some studies reported also that music interventions reduced sedative requirements in patients undergoing surgery under regional anesthesia combined with sedation, both with midazolam and propofol and also in critically ill patients in intensive care units.
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative music therapy intervention compared to premedication with midazolam on anxiety, sedation and stress during general anesthesia for odontostomatological elective surgery.
- Conditions
- Stage I or II Micro-invasive Oral Cancer
- Being tested
- music therapy intervention, Standard Preparation
- Keywords
- music therapy, stress, sedation, surgery, anesthesia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
music therapy interventionOther
Participants did not receive premedication with midazolam 0,02 mg/kg intravenous and received music therapy intervention by a certified music therapist FAMI . Music Treatment consisted of 3 steps:
(1)30 minutes before surgery, music therapist (MTp) engaged the patient in an individual brief conversation (10 min.) to identify preferred musical genre/songs and prepared a customized playlists to listen to during induction; (2)After being monitored in the operating room, patients were prepared to listening to music ; (3)Music listening during anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was the same in both groups. Induction was carried out by fentanyl 3mcg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg and rocuronium at the dose of 1mg/kg to facilitate intubation
Standard PreparationDrug
Partecipants receive premedication with midazolam 0,02 mg/kg intravenous. Anesthesia was the same in both groups. Induction was carried out by fentanyl 3mcg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg and rocuronium at the dose of 1mg/kg to facilitate intubation
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Treatement Group | Experimental | Participants received music therapy intervention Receives: Other: music therapy intervention |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Patients in control group receive premedication Receives: Drug: Standard Preparation |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Anxiety
Anxiety Visual Analogues Scale (A-VAS) was used to evaluate the level of anxiety from 0 (no anxiety) to 10 (maximum anxiety) before surgical procedure T0
Measured: 30 minutes before
Anxiety
Anxiety Visual Analogues Scale (A-VAS) was used to evaluate the level of anxiety from 0 (no anxiety) to 10 (maximum anxiety) before surgical procedure T0
Measured: 60 minutes after
Bispectral Index (BIS)
Bispectral index (BIS) is one of several technologies used to monitor depth of anesthesia. BIS monitors are used to supplement Guedel's classification system for determining depth of anesthesia. Titrating anesthetic agents to a specific bispectral index during general anesthesia in adults (and children over 1 year old) allows the anesthetist to adjust the amount of anesthetic agent to the needs of the patient, possibly resulting in a more rapid emergence from anesthesia.
BIS monitoring is widely used in clinical anesthesia as an index for monitoring the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex and the sedative ingredients of anesthesia. BIS scores range from 0 to 100 (0, coma; 40-60, general anesthesia; 60-90, sedated; 100, awake) and reflect the level of sedation regardless of a patient's clinical characteristics or the type of sedative drug used.
Measured: during anesthesia induction
Patient global impression of satisfaction (PGIS)
Patient global impression of satisfaction (PGIS) with a 4 items score ( 1=very dissatisfied, 2=dissatisfied, 3=satisfied, 4=very satisfied).
Measured: through study completion, 1 hour after surgery
Secondary outcomes (3)
Blood Pressure (SBP-DPB)
Measured: during the procedure
Heart Rate
Measured: during the procedure
O2SAT
Measured: during the procedure
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Jun 2022
- Study start1 Mar 2020
- Primary completion15 Mar 2020
- Study completion15 Mar 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (12)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Stage I or II Micro-invasive Oral CancerStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Filomena Puntillo, PhD, Principal investigator, University of Bari
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05417529
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- MTI.ODONTO
- Acronym
- PMLOS
- Status last verified
- Jun 2022
- First submitted
- 1 Jun 2022
- Last updated
- 14 Jun 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Koelsch S, Fuermetz J, Sack U, Bauer K, Hohenadel M, Wiegel M, Kaisers UX, Heinke W. Effects of Music Listening on Cortisol Levels and Propofol Consumption during Spinal Anesthesia. Front Psychol. 2011 Apr 5;2:58. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00058. eCollection 2011.
PubMed 21716581Marcantonio ER, Juarez G, Goldman L, Mangione CM, Ludwig LE, Lind L, Katz N, Cook EF, Orav EJ, Lee TH. The relationship of postoperative delirium with psychoactive medications. JAMA. 1994 Nov 16;272(19):1518-22.
PubMed 7966844Ebrahimi R, Shroyer AL, Dennis P, Currier J, Lendvai Wischik D. Music Can Reduce the Need for Pharmacologic Conscious Sedation During Invasive Coronary Angiography. J Invasive Cardiol. 2020 Nov;32(11):440-444. doi: 10.25270/jic/20.00132. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
PubMed 33087584Bradt J, Dileo C. Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(12):CD006902. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006902.pub3. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
PubMed 25490233Chlan LL, Heiderscheit A, Skaar DJ, Neidecker MV. Economic Evaluation of a Patient-Directed Music Intervention for ICU Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilatory Support. Crit Care Med. 2018 Sep;46(9):1430-1435. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003199.
PubMed 29727366Palmer JB, Lane D, Mayo D, Schluchter M, Leeming R. Effects of Music Therapy on Anesthesia Requirements and Anxiety in Women Undergoing Ambulatory Breast Surgery for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Oct 1;33(28):3162-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.6049. Epub 2015 Aug 17.
PubMed 26282640Lee JH. The Effects of Music on Pain: A Meta-Analysis. J Music Ther. 2016 Winter;53(4):430-477. doi: 10.1093/jmt/thw012. Epub 2016 Oct 19.
PubMed 27760797Ortega A, Gauna F, Munoz D, Oberreuter G, Breinbauer HA, Carrasco L. Music Therapy for Pain and Anxiety Management in Nasal Bone Fracture Reduction: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019 Oct;161(4):613-619. doi: 10.1177/0194599819856604. Epub 2019 Jun 11.
PubMed 31184266Bradt J, Dileo C, Magill L, Teague A. Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Aug 15;(8):CD006911. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006911.pub3.
PubMed 27524661Fallek R, Corey K, Qamar A, Vernisie SN, Hoberman A, Selwyn PA, Fausto JA, Marcus P, Kvetan V, Lounsbury DW. Soothing the heart with music: A feasibility study of a bedside music therapy intervention for critically ill patients in an urban hospital setting. Palliat Support Care. 2020 Feb;18(1):47-54. doi: 10.1017/S1478951519000294.
PubMed 31104642Giordano F, Losurdo A, Quaranta VN, Campobasso N, Daleno A, Carpagnano E, Gesualdo L, Moschetta A, Brienza N. Effect of single session receptive music therapy on anxiety and vital parameters in hospitalized Covid-19 patients: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 24;12(1):3154. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07085-8.
PubMed 35210504Kertai MD, Whitlock EL, Avidan MS. Brain monitoring with electroencephalography and the electroencephalogram-derived bispectral index during cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 2012 Mar;114(3):533-46. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31823ee030. Epub 2012 Jan 17.
PubMed 22253267
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Jun 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Preoperative Music Listening Versus Intravenous Midazolam (PMLOS) on Anxiety, Sedation and Stress in Odontostomatological Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05417529
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- PMLOS / MTI.ODONTO
- Conditions
- Stage I or II Micro-invasive Oral Cancer
- Keywords
- music therapy, stress, sedation, surgery, anesthesia
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di BariUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 15 Mar 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 15 Mar 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Jun 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
People undergoing general anesthesia for oral cancer diagnosis and treatment often experience heightened anxiety, fear and stress with negative bodily responses, such as tachycardia, hypertension, increased myocardial consumption of O2, arrhythmias, increased peripheral resistance, hypercoagulability, immunodeficiency and catabolic response . Emotional distress and pain may be managed by pre-procedurally application of anxiolytic, analgesic, and anesthetic drugs, but with potential risks or side effects such as respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, confusion, memory loss, hypoxemia, and drug-drug interactions. This may result in adverse outcomes, such as delayed healing, increased healthcare utilization, and cost.
A recent Cochrane review showed that benzodiazepines reduce pre-procedural anxiety compared with placebo with a low quality of evidence.
Music therapy (MT), defined as the clinical and evidence-based use of music interventions by a trained professional for the purpose of achieving individualized goals within a therapeutic relationship between patient, music and music therapist 6 , may be used as a safe and cost-effective complementary intervention in adjunct to standard surgical care.
During surgery, music is a powerful positive stimulus that evokes and modulates emotions as well as mood, face mask adverse stimuli, and improves emotional health through coping.
Music therapy and music medicine interventions are effective to prevent and treat emotional distress and pain before, during and after medical procedures .
Evidence from Cochrane systematic reviews shows that music interventions affect positively anxiety in patients with cancer, coronary heart diseases and in patients on mechanical ventilation .
Some studies reported also that music interventions reduced sedative requirements in patients undergoing surgery under regional anesthesia combined with sedation, both with midazolam and propofol and also in critically ill patients in intensive care units.
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of preoperative music therapy intervention compared to premedication with midazolam on anxiety, sedation and stress during general anesthesia for odontostomatological elective surgery.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Treatement Group | Experimental | Other: music therapy interventionParticipants received music therapy intervention |
| Control Group | Active comparator | Drug: Standard PreparationPatients in control group receive premedication |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (5 listed)
- >18 years
- no severe neurological or psychiatric conditions,
- no hearing impairment,
- no drugs abuse,
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score I to III
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- < 18 years
- severe neurological or psychiatric conditions,
- hearing impairment,
- drugs abuse,
- American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score IV to V
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| music therapy interventionParticipants did not receive premedication with midazolam 0,02 mg/kg intravenous and received music therapy intervention by a certified music therapist FAMI . Music Treatment consisted of 3 steps: (1)30 minutes before surgery, music therapist (MTp) engaged the patient in an individual brief conversation (10 min.) to identify preferred musical genre/songs and prepared a customized playlists to listen to during induction; (2)After being monitored in the operating room, patients were prepared to listening to music ; (3)Music listening during anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was the same in both groups. Induction was carried out by fentanyl 3mcg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg and rocuronium at the dose of 1mg/kg to facilitate intubation | Other | Treatement Group |
| Standard PreparationPartecipants receive premedication with midazolam 0,02 mg/kg intravenous. Anesthesia was the same in both groups. Induction was carried out by fentanyl 3mcg/kg, propofol 2 mg/kg and rocuronium at the dose of 1mg/kg to facilitate intubation | Drug | Control Group |
Primary outcome
Anxiety
Time frame: 30 minutes before
Anxiety Visual Analogues Scale (A-VAS) was used to evaluate the level of anxiety from 0 (no anxiety) to 10 (maximum anxiety) before surgical procedure T0
Anxiety
Time frame: 60 minutes after
Anxiety Visual Analogues Scale (A-VAS) was used to evaluate the level of anxiety from 0 (no anxiety) to 10 (maximum anxiety) before surgical procedure T0
Bispectral Index (BIS)
Time frame: during anesthesia induction
Bispectral index (BIS) is one of several technologies used to monitor depth of anesthesia. BIS monitors are used to supplement Guedel's classification system for determining depth of anesthesia. Titrating anesthetic agents to a specific bispectral index during general anesthesia in adults (and children over 1 year old) allows the anesthetist to adjust the amount of anesthetic agent to the needs of the patient, possibly resulting in a more rapid emergence from anesthesia. BIS monitoring is widely used in clinical anesthesia as an index for monitoring the electrical activity of the cerebral cortex and the sedative ingredients of anesthesia. BIS scores range from 0 to 100 (0, coma; 40-60, general anesthesia; 60-90, sedated; 100, awake) and reflect the level of sedation regardless of a patient's clinical characteristics or the type of sedative drug used.
Patient global impression of satisfaction (PGIS)
Time frame: through study completion, 1 hour after surgery
Patient global impression of satisfaction (PGIS) with a 4 items score ( 1=very dissatisfied, 2=dissatisfied, 3=satisfied, 4=very satisfied).
3 secondary outcomes
Blood Pressure (SBP-DPB)
Time frame: during the procedure
Heart Rate
Time frame: during the procedure
O2SAT
Time frame: during the procedure
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Jun 2022.
- Results publication: PubMed 21716581Koelsch S, Fuermetz J, Sack U, Bauer K, Hohenadel M, Wiegel M, Kaisers UX, Heinke W. Effects of Music Listening on Cortisol Levels and Propofol Consumption during Spinal Anesthesia. Front Psychol. 2011 Apr 5;2:58. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2011.00058. eCollection 2011.
- Results publication: PubMed 7966844Marcantonio ER, Juarez G, Goldman L, Mangione CM, Ludwig LE, Lind L, Katz N, Cook EF, Orav EJ, Lee TH. The relationship of postoperative delirium with psychoactive medications. JAMA. 1994 Nov 16;272(19):1518-22.
- Results publication: PubMed 33087584Ebrahimi R, Shroyer AL, Dennis P, Currier J, Lendvai Wischik D. Music Can Reduce the Need for Pharmacologic Conscious Sedation During Invasive Coronary Angiography. J Invasive Cardiol. 2020 Nov;32(11):440-444. doi: 10.25270/jic/20.00132. Epub 2020 Oct 22.
- Results publication: PubMed 25490233Bradt J, Dileo C. Music interventions for mechanically ventilated patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;2014(12):CD006902. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006902.pub3. Epub 2014 Dec 9.
- Results publication: PubMed 29727366Chlan LL, Heiderscheit A, Skaar DJ, Neidecker MV. Economic Evaluation of a Patient-Directed Music Intervention for ICU Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilatory Support. Crit Care Med. 2018 Sep;46(9):1430-1435. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000003199.
- Results publication: PubMed 26282640Palmer JB, Lane D, Mayo D, Schluchter M, Leeming R. Effects of Music Therapy on Anesthesia Requirements and Anxiety in Women Undergoing Ambulatory Breast Surgery for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Oct 1;33(28):3162-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.6049. Epub 2015 Aug 17.
- Results publication: PubMed 27760797Lee JH. The Effects of Music on Pain: A Meta-Analysis. J Music Ther. 2016 Winter;53(4):430-477. doi: 10.1093/jmt/thw012. Epub 2016 Oct 19.
- Results publication: PubMed 31184266Ortega A, Gauna F, Munoz D, Oberreuter G, Breinbauer HA, Carrasco L. Music Therapy for Pain and Anxiety Management in Nasal Bone Fracture Reduction: Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2019 Oct;161(4):613-619. doi: 10.1177/0194599819856604. Epub 2019 Jun 11.
- Results publication: PubMed 27524661Bradt J, Dileo C, Magill L, Teague A. Music interventions for improving psychological and physical outcomes in cancer patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Aug 15;(8):CD006911. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006911.pub3.
- Results publication: PubMed 31104642Fallek R, Corey K, Qamar A, Vernisie SN, Hoberman A, Selwyn PA, Fausto JA, Marcus P, Kvetan V, Lounsbury DW. Soothing the heart with music: A feasibility study of a bedside music therapy intervention for critically ill patients in an urban hospital setting. Palliat Support Care. 2020 Feb;18(1):47-54. doi: 10.1017/S1478951519000294.
- Results publication: PubMed 35210504Giordano F, Losurdo A, Quaranta VN, Campobasso N, Daleno A, Carpagnano E, Gesualdo L, Moschetta A, Brienza N. Effect of single session receptive music therapy on anxiety and vital parameters in hospitalized Covid-19 patients: a randomized controlled trial. Sci Rep. 2022 Feb 24;12(1):3154. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07085-8.
- Results publication: PubMed 22253267Kertai MD, Whitlock EL, Avidan MS. Brain monitoring with electroencephalography and the electroencephalogram-derived bispectral index during cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg. 2012 Mar;114(3):533-46. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0b013e31823ee030. Epub 2012 Jan 17.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Filomena Puntillo, PhD principal investigator
University of Bari
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing music therapy intervention and Standard Preparation in people with Stage I or II Micro-invasive Oral Cancer, run by Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari at 1 site in Italy.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Jun 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Italy. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Anxiety (time frame: 30 minutes before). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05417529, which also lists 12 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Jun 2022.