Malignant DiseasePhase 1/2NCT05437328
GD2/CD56 Bi-specific CAR-T Cell Therapy
A Phase 1/2 study testing bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells in people with Malignant Disease, run by Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute at 1 site in China.
Trial summary
The purpose of this clinical trial is to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of anti-GD2/CD56 bi-specific CAR-T cell therapy in patients with GD2 and/or CD56 positive cancer. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 1 year to 75 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Malignant Disease
- What is being tested?
- bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteChina
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2026to 31 Jul 2026
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 1 year to 75 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients with tumors received standard first-line therapy and have been judged to be non-resectable, metastatic, progressive or recurrent.
- The expression status of GD2 or CD56 antigens in the tumor tissue will be determined for eligibility. Positive expression is defined by GD2 and CD56 antibody staining results based on immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry analyses.
- Body weight greater than or equal to 10 kg.
- Age: ≥1 year and ≤ 75 years of age at the time of enrollment.
- Life expectancy: at least 8 weeks.
- Prior Therapy:
Show all 19Show fewer
- There is no limit to the number of prior treatment regimens. Any grade 3 or 4 non-hematologic toxicity of any previous therapy must be resolved to grade 2 or less.
- Participant must not have received hematopoietic growth factors for at least 1 week prior to mononuclear cells collection.
- At least 7 days must have elapsed since the completion of therapy with a biologic agent, selected targeted agent or a metronomic non-myelosuppressive regimen.
- At least 4 weeks must have elapsed since prior therapy that included a monoclonal antibody.
- At least 1 week since any radiation therapy at the time of study entry.
- Karnofsky/jansky score of 60% or greater.
- Cardiac function: Left ventricular ejection fraction greater than or equal to 40/55 percent.
- Pulse Ox greater than or equal to 90% on room air.
- Liver function: defined as alanine transaminase (ALT) <3x upper limit of normal (ULN), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) <3x ULN; serum bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase <2x ULN.
- Renal function: Patients must have serum creatinine less than 3 times upper limit of normal.
- Marrow function: White blood cell count ≥1000/ul, Absolute neutrophil count ≥500/ul, Absolute lymphocyte count ≥500/ul, Platelet count ≥25,000/ul (not achieved by transfusion).
- Patients with known bone marrow metastatic disease will be eligible for study as long as they meet hematologic function criteria, and the marrow disease does not have hematologic toxicity.
- For all patients enrolled in this study, themselves or their parents or legal guardians must sign an informed consent and assent.
Who cannot join
- Existing severe illness (e.g. significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic diseases, etc.) or major organ dysfunction, or greater than grade 2 hematologic toxicity.
- Untreatable central nervous system (CNS) metastasis: Patients with previous CNS tumor involvement that has been treated and is stable for at least 6 weeks following completion of therapy are eligible.
- Previous treatment with other genetically engineered GD2 or CD56-specific CAR T cells.
- Active HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or uncontrolled infection.
- Patients who require systemic corticosteroid or other immunosuppressive therapy.
- Evidence of tumor potentially causing airway obstruction.
- Inability to comply with protocol requirements.
- Insufficient CAR T cells availability.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: GD2/CD56 Bi-specific CAR-T Cells for Cancer Treatment
The purpose of this clinical trial is to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of anti-GD2/CD56 bi-specific CAR-T cell therapy in patients with GD2 and/or CD56 positive cancer. Another goal of the study is to learn more about the function of the anti-GD2/CD56 bi-specific CAR-T cells and their persistency in patients.
Read the detailed description
Patients with refractory and/or recurrent malignancies have poor prognosis despite complex multimodal therapy; therefore, novel curative approaches are needed. The investigators attempt to use T cells genetically modified to express a 4th generation lentiviral GD2/CD56 bi-specific chimeric antigen receptor (bi-4SCAR-GD2/CD56). The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) molecules enable the T cells to recognize and kill tumor cells through the recognition of a surface antigen, GD2 or CD56, which is expressed at high levels on tumor cells but not at significant levels on normal tissues.
Disialoganglioside (GD2) is a well-studied tumor associated antigen which is expressed uniformly in nervous system-related tumors but at low levels in normal tissues. Over the past few years, CAR-T therapy against GD2 in tumor has achieved encouraging but modest outcomes. Only a fraction of patients achieved measurable responses. In solid tumors, GD2 CAR-T therapy alone may not be as effective as CAR-T cell therapy in hematological malignancies.
Similar to GD2, the CD56 antigen (NCAM-1) is highly expressed on malignancies with neuronal or neuroendocrine differentiation, including small-cell lung cancer, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma, tumor types for which new therapeutic options are needed. CD56-CAR-T cell therapy has potential for treating patients with aggressive malignancies that are nonresponsive to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, or are unsuitable for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
To overcome tumor escape of single target antigen and enhance in vivo CAR-T efficacy, a novel bi-specific GD2/CD56 CAR-T therapy regimen is developed to include booster and consolidation CAR-T applications to target highly-refractory cancer. The aim is to evaluate safety and long term efficacy of the bi-CAR-T therapy strategy in GD2 and/or CD56 positive cancer patients.
- Conditions
- Malignant Disease
- Being tested
- bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells
- Keywords
- CAR-T, cancer, GD2, CD56
- Medical subject headings
- Neoplasms
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cellsBiological
Infusion of bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells at 10^6 cells/kg body weight via IV
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| bi-4SCAR-GD2/CD56 T Cell Therapy for GD2 and/or CD56 positive tumor | Experimental | Not described Receives: Biological: bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Number of patients with adverse events.
Determine the toxicity profile the bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 cells with Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Effects version 4.0
Measured: 6 months
Secondary outcomes (6)
Anti-tumor effects
Objective complete response (CR) are assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 criteria.
Measured: 1 year
Anti-tumor effects
Objective partial response (PR) are assessed by the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 criteria.
Measured: 1 year
The expansion of bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells
Scale of CAR copies
Measured: 1 year
The persistence of bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells
Scale of tumor burden (for efficacy)
Measured: 1 year
Survival time of the patients
The progression free survival (PFS) time of the patients treated with the bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells will be evaluated
Measured: 3 years
Survival time of the patients
The overall survival (OS) time of the patients treated with the bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells will be evaluated
Measured: 3 years
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Jun 2022
- Study start1 Jun 2026
- Primary completion1 Jul 2026
- Study completion31 Jul 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Malignant DiseaseStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05437328
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- GIMI-IRB-22006
- Status last verified
- Aug 2026
- First submitted
- 21 Jun 2022
- Last updated
- 24 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 24 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- GD2/CD56 Bi-specific CAR-T Cells for Cancer Treatment
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05437328
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- GIMI-IRB-22006
- Conditions
- Malignant Disease
- Keywords
- CAR-T, cancer, GD2, CD56
- Phase
- Phase 1/2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Terminated
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical InstituteUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2026 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Jul 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Jul 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Jun 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The purpose of this clinical trial is to assess the feasibility, safety and efficacy of anti-GD2/CD56 bi-specific CAR-T cell therapy in patients with GD2 and/or CD56 positive cancer. Another goal of the study is to learn more about the function of the anti-GD2/CD56 bi-specific CAR-T cells and their persistency in patients.
Detailed description
Patients with refractory and/or recurrent malignancies have poor prognosis despite complex multimodal therapy; therefore, novel curative approaches are needed. The investigators attempt to use T cells genetically modified to express a 4th generation lentiviral GD2/CD56 bi-specific chimeric antigen receptor (bi-4SCAR-GD2/CD56). The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) molecules enable the T cells to recognize and kill tumor cells through the recognition of a surface antigen, GD2 or CD56, which is expressed at high levels on tumor cells but not at significant levels on normal tissues.
Disialoganglioside (GD2) is a well-studied tumor associated antigen which is expressed uniformly in nervous system-related tumors but at low levels in normal tissues. Over the past few years, CAR-T therapy against GD2 in tumor has achieved encouraging but modest outcomes. Only a fraction of patients achieved measurable responses. In solid tumors, GD2 CAR-T therapy alone may not be as effective as CAR-T cell therapy in hematological malignancies.
Similar to GD2, the CD56 antigen (NCAM-1) is highly expressed on malignancies with neuronal or neuroendocrine differentiation, including small-cell lung cancer, glioblastoma and neuroblastoma, tumor types for which new therapeutic options are needed. CD56-CAR-T cell therapy has potential for treating patients with aggressive malignancies that are nonresponsive to conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, or are unsuitable for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
To overcome tumor escape of single target antigen and enhance in vivo CAR-T efficacy, a novel bi-specific GD2/CD56 CAR-T therapy regimen is developed to include booster and consolidation CAR-T applications to target highly-refractory cancer. The aim is to evaluate safety and long term efficacy of the bi-CAR-T therapy strategy in GD2 and/or CD56 positive cancer patients.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| bi-4SCAR-GD2/CD56 T Cell Therapy for GD2 and/or CD56 positive tumor | Experimental | Biological: bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 1 year to 75 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (19 listed)
- Patients with tumors received standard first-line therapy and have been judged to be non-resectable, metastatic, progressive or recurrent.
- The expression status of GD2 or CD56 antigens in the tumor tissue will be determined for eligibility. Positive expression is defined by GD2 and CD56 antibody staining results based on immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry analyses.
- Body weight greater than or equal to 10 kg.
- Age: ≥1 year and ≤ 75 years of age at the time of enrollment.
- Life expectancy: at least 8 weeks.
Key exclusion criteria (8 listed)
- Existing severe illness (e.g. significant cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic diseases, etc.) or major organ dysfunction, or greater than grade 2 hematologic toxicity.
- Untreatable central nervous system (CNS) metastasis: Patients with previous CNS tumor involvement that has been treated and is stable for at least 6 weeks following completion of therapy are eligible.
- Previous treatment with other genetically engineered GD2 or CD56-specific CAR T cells.
- Active HIV, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection or uncontrolled infection.
- Patients who require systemic corticosteroid or other immunosuppressive therapy.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cellsInfusion of bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells at 10^6 cells/kg body weight via IV | Biological | bi-4SCAR-GD2/CD56 T Cell Therapy for GD2 and/or CD56 positive tumor |
Primary outcome
Number of patients with adverse events.
Time frame: 6 months
Determine the toxicity profile the bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 cells with Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Effects version 4.0
6 secondary outcomes
Anti-tumor effects
Time frame: 1 year
Anti-tumor effects
Time frame: 1 year
The expansion of bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells
Time frame: 1 year
The persistence of bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells
Time frame: 1 year
Survival time of the patients
Time frame: 3 years
Survival time of the patients
Time frame: 3 years
Results and safety
The study was stopped early. Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 24 Aug 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 1/2 study testing bi-4SCAR GD2/CD56 T cells in people with Malignant Disease, run by Shenzhen Geno-Immune Medical Institute at 1 site in China.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 19 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: stopped early, as of the sponsor's last update on 24 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in China. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this combined phase mean?
Phase 1 studies test a treatment in a small group of people for the first time or in a new way, mainly to check safety and find the right dose.
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study was stopped early. Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Number of patients with adverse events. (time frame: 6 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 24 Aug 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 31 Oct 2026.