Self-management of Stress and Sleep Disturbances with Virtual Reality Relaxation

The BAT is being used to evaluate the changes in burn-out symptoms and the PSS is being used to evaluate the changes in perceived stress. Both questionnaires have a five-point scale ranging from "never" to "always"

The BAI is is a self-report measure of anxiety. Each answer is being scored on a scale value of 0 (not at all) to 3 (severly). A higher total score indicate more severe anxiety

The EQ-5D-5L is tool to measure health and health-related quality of life. The first 25 items of this questionnaires are based on five dimensions: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. The patient is asked to indicate their health status by choosing the most appropriate level: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems, and extreme problems. The last question is to indicate their current health status on a scale from 0 to 100.

The HRSD is a structured interview to assess the severity of depression. The HRSD contains 17 items pertaining to symptoms of depression experienced over the past week. The instruction for the researcher is to select the most appropriate answer which charaterizes the participant the best, ranging from "absent" to clearly present.

The IDS-SR is a 3-item questionnaire measuring depressive symptoms. Each item has four statements that reflect various degrees of symptom severity, scored on a four-point scale from 0 to 3.

The MDQ is standard a 13-item self-report screening questionnaire with two optional questions that assesses symptoms of mania, hypomania, and depression. Participants check the "yes" or "no" boxes in response to answer. The second optional questions pertains to the level of functional impairment and has four answer options: no problem, minor problem, moderate problem, serious problem

The psyrats is a semi-structured interview to assess characteristics of hallucinations and delusions. The auditory hallucinations subscale (AHS) has 11 items. The delucions subscale (DS) has six items

The WHO-DAS II is an interview-administered 36-item questionnaire that covers six domains of functioning: cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, participation. The participant is asked to indicate difficulties by selecting the most appropriate level: none, mild, moderate, severe, extreme or cannot do. In addition, the participant is asked on how many days these difficulties were present in the last 30 days: one day, less than a week, less than two weeks, more than two weeks, all days

The MANSA is a 16-item questionnaire to assess the quality of life. Satisfaction is rated on 7-point rating scale (1 = negative extreme, 7 = positive extreme)

The Recovery Assessment Scale - Domains and Stages (RAS-DS) is a 38-item questionnaire to measure participants perceptions of individual recovery that they rate on a four-point scale: "untrue", "a bit untrue", "mostly true", "completely true"

The ASSIST is an 8-item interview that measures an participant's use of alcohol, tabacco products, and other drugss across his/her lifetime and in the past three months. The first item requires a "yes" or "no" answer while item 2 - 8 are scored on a five-point scale: never, once or twice, monthly, weekly, daily or almost daily

The PSQI is a 19-item questionnaire which assesses sleep quality and disturbances over a 1-month time interval. Each item is rated on a four-point scale: never, less than once a week, 1 - 2 times a week, 3 or more times a week

The TiC-P is a self-report questionnaire that consists of two parts. The first part includes 38 structured questions, starting with yes/no questions and followed by a question on the volume of medical consumption. The second part deals with questions about work.

The SF-36 is a 36-item self-report questionnaire and measures eight domains: physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain, general health, vitality, social functioning, role emotional, and mental health. Items are scored on different scales: yes/no scale, three-point scale, and five-point scale

The System Usability Scale (SUS) is being used to assess the usability of VRelax

The MotionWatch 8 provides data on sleep (i.e. sleep latency, total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, sleep efficiency). The Empatica E4 provides data on electrodermal activity (Skin Conductance Level (SCL), number of Skin Conductance Responses (SCRs), Amplitude of the Skin conductance responses (S-AMPL)) and cardiovascular activity, time domain (mean RR interval, root mean square of successive differences between normal heartbeats (RMSSD), standard deviation of the normal sinus beats (SDNN))

A basic sleep diary that consist of questions about time of going to bed, time of falling asleep, time of waking up, and time of getting up

Within the VRelax environment, participants rate their level of calmness and relaxation with VAS items before and after each session. The group that is using the relaxation exercises, there is an online questionnaire to rate their pre- and post-session level of calmness and relaxation after using the relaxation exercises.

The Shimmer 3 is being used to evaluate the electrodermal activity during the use of VRelax in laboratory setting

The Shimmer 3 is being used to evaluate the cardiovascular activity during the use of VRelax in laboratory setting

A scale is being used to evaluate changes in weight

A measurement tape is being used to evaluate changes in height

A measurement tape is being used to evaluate changes in waist circumference

A blood pressure monitor is being used to evaluate changes in blood pressure

Blood is being drawn to evaluate the changes in HBA1c, glucose, TC, HDL-C, TC-HDC-ratio, LDL-c, triglyceriden, creatinine (eGFR)