HealthyNCT05443399
What Makes a Cup, a Cup? Generalizing Novel Words
A study testing Modality - 3D-2D, Modality - 2D-3D and Modality - 2D-2D in people with Healthy, run by Oklahoma State University at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
The goal of this work is to address increasing concerns about young children's digital media exposure and language outcomes by testing how the times course of word learning unfolds in digital environments and the cascading impact of digital media on vocabulary outcomes. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 17 to 30 monthsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy
- What is being tested?
- Modality - 3D-2D, Modality - 2D-3D and Modality - 2D-2D
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine, Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 212 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 7 Apr 2022to 30 Apr 2025
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 17 to 30 months
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child
Who may be able to join
- between 18-30 months old
Who cannot join
- diagnosed developmental delay or disorder
- exposure to more than 25% of another language
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site
Oklahoma State University
Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74078
About this study
Official title: Technological Timescales: Identifying the Impact of Digital Media on the Mechanisms of Word Learning. Aim 2: What Makes a Cup, a Cup? Generalizing Novel Words
The goal of this work is to address increasing concerns about young children's digital media exposure and language outcomes by testing how the times course of word learning unfolds in digital environments and the cascading impact of digital media on vocabulary outcomes. The findings will have important implications for understanding when and where optimal word learning from media can occur.
Read the detailed description
The goal of the current proposal is to identify how digital media alters the mechanisms of word learning and subsequently impacts the lexical foundation on which a child's vocabulary is built. Specifically, the proposal aims to identify the impact of digital media on 1) the processes underlying real-time word learning, and 2) the processes of language generalization and vocabulary growth. Specific Aim 1 will use a novel word learning task to test children's ability to map and retain new words within and between digital media (2D images on a tablet) and real world objects (3D objects). Specific Aim 2 will probe children's novel label generalization abilities within and between 2D and 3D modalities using a novel noun generalization task. Further, individual differences in a child's prior technology experience will be measured and used to predict overall vocabulary as well as performance within and between each task. This Clinical Trial record focuses on Specific Aim 2.
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Being tested
- Modality - 3D-2D, Modality - 2D-3D, Modality - 2D-2D
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Modality - 3D-2DBehavioural
Also called digital media modality
Modality in which items will be presented (via tablet/digital media or as real object). 3D items initially and generalization as 2D
Modality - 2D-3DBehavioural
Also called digital media modality
Modality in which items will be presented (via tablet/digital media or as real object). 2D items initially and generalization as 3D
Modality - 2D-2DBehavioural
Also called digital media modality
Modality in which items will be presented (via tablet/digital media or as real object). 2D items initially and generalization as 2D
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| 3D-3D | No intervention | All items presented in 3D form. |
| 3D-2D | Experimental | Initial exposure to items in 3D, generalization in 2D Receives: Behavioral: Modality - 3D-2D |
| 2D-3D | Experimental | Initial exposure to items in 2D, generalization in 3D Receives: Behavioral: Modality - 2D-3D |
| 2D-2D | Experimental | Initial exposure to items in 2D, generalization in 2D Receives: Behavioral: Modality - 2D-2D |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Generalization Performance
Accuracy on selecting the target item on novel noun generalization task, defined as percent of choices to the shape-matching item across all trials
Measured: 1 minute
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted5 Jul 2022
- Study start7 Apr 2022
- Primary completion29 Mar 2025
- Study completion30 Apr 2025
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 212 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Oklahoma State University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Sarah Kucker, Southern Methodist University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05443399
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- AS-18-155A
- Other IDs
- R15HD101841
- Status last verified
- Jul 2026
- First submitted
- 29 Jun 2022
- Last updated
- 19 Aug 2026
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Yes: Studies proposed will be registered under the Open Science Framework (OSF) and resulting findings shared with the academic community through open science initiatives, including OSF and the sharing of videos (when permission is granted) on Databrary.
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Aug 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Technological Timescales: Identifying the Impact of Digital Media on the Mechanisms of Word Learning. Aim 2: What Makes a Cup, a Cup? Generalizing Novel Words
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05443399
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- AS-18-155A
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 212 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Oklahoma State UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD)
- Study start
- 7 Apr 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 29 Mar 2025 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Apr 2025 (actual)
- First posted
- 5 Jul 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 19 Aug 2026
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this work is to address increasing concerns about young children's digital media exposure and language outcomes by testing how the times course of word learning unfolds in digital environments and the cascading impact of digital media on vocabulary outcomes. The findings will have important implications for understanding when and where optimal word learning from media can occur.
Detailed description
The goal of the current proposal is to identify how digital media alters the mechanisms of word learning and subsequently impacts the lexical foundation on which a child's vocabulary is built. Specifically, the proposal aims to identify the impact of digital media on 1) the processes underlying real-time word learning, and 2) the processes of language generalization and vocabulary growth. Specific Aim 1 will use a novel word learning task to test children's ability to map and retain new words within and between digital media (2D images on a tablet) and real world objects (3D objects). Specific Aim 2 will probe children's novel label generalization abilities within and between 2D and 3D modalities using a novel noun generalization task. Further, individual differences in a child's prior technology experience will be measured and used to predict overall vocabulary as well as performance within and between each task. This Clinical Trial record focuses on Specific Aim 2.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 4
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| 3D-3D | No intervention | –All items presented in 3D form. |
| 3D-2D | Experimental | Behavioral: Modality - 3D-2DInitial exposure to items in 3D, generalization in 2D |
| 2D-3D | Experimental | Behavioral: Modality - 2D-3DInitial exposure to items in 2D, generalization in 3D |
| 2D-2D | Experimental | Behavioral: Modality - 2D-2DInitial exposure to items in 2D, generalization in 2D |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 17 to 30 months
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- between 18-30 months old
Key exclusion criteria (2 listed)
- diagnosed developmental delay or disorder
- exposure to more than 25% of another language
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Modality - 3D-2DAlso: digital media modalityModality in which items will be presented (via tablet/digital media or as real object). 3D items initially and generalization as 2D | Behavioural | 3D-2D |
| Modality - 2D-3DAlso: digital media modalityModality in which items will be presented (via tablet/digital media or as real object). 2D items initially and generalization as 3D | Behavioural | 2D-3D |
| Modality - 2D-2DAlso: digital media modalityModality in which items will be presented (via tablet/digital media or as real object). 2D items initially and generalization as 2D | Behavioural | 2D-2D |
Primary outcome
Generalization Performance
Time frame: 1 minute
Accuracy on selecting the target item on novel noun generalization task, defined as percent of choices to the shape-matching item across all trials
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Aug 2026.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Yes. Studies proposed will be registered under the Open Science Framework (OSF) and resulting findings shared with the academic community through open science initiatives, including OSF and the sharing of videos (when permission is granted) on Databrary.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Modality - 3D-2D, Modality - 2D-3D and Modality - 2D-2D in people with Healthy, run by Oklahoma State University at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 2 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Aug 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 19 Aug 2026). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Generalization Performance (time frame: 1 minute). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Aug 2026.