The GISE (Società Italiana di Cardiologia Interventistica) - ShockCalcium Registry

This is a prospective, observational, multicenter Italian IVL registry designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of coronary lithotripsy for treatment of severe calcified lesion.

This registry is planned to be conducted at approximately 30-50 sites in Italy and to include a total of 2000 patients with coronary calcified lesions.

The Principal Investigators will approach all the Italian centers with at least 2 IVL procedures per month via the regional GISE Coordinator and based on the IVL volume of the various hospitals with IVL in the previous 18 months (excluding the period February-June 2020). Possible regulatory or budgetary constrictions expected to limit future application of IVL will also be considered. Centers should be approached by on-line questionnaires and during regional teleconferences to agree to collect data for all IVL procedures, fill a screening log for all calcified lesions, perform a complete clinical 1 year follow-up of all IVL patients, including collection of source documents for event adjudication. Participation in OCT (optical coherence tomography) or IVUS (Intravascular UltraSound) sub-studies (clinically mandated imaging) will be highly encouraged agreeing to perform documented pull-backs across the calcified treated/stented segment and provide images for off-line analysis from a central core laboratory.

The registry will consist of 3 essential parts: a screening period (patient and lesion selection), a treatment period (PCI with IVL lesion preparation and stent implantation), and a follow-up period (1 year).

Patients will be screened, according to the flowchart and stratified at baseline by angiographic evaluation or intravascular imaging.

Patients will be scheduled to undergo an intracoronary lithotripsy procedure using an appropriately sized Shockwave catheter (Shockwave Medical, Fremont, CA).

All arteries with visible calcium with the appearance of facing lines in at least one view will be included in the registry. In calcified lesions with questionable indications (not too long/thick angiographically) the use of IVUS or OCT will be strongly encouraged, but final selection will be left at the Investigators' preference. IVUS should be used instead of OCT in the presence of CKD (chronic kidney disease) and for very distal or aorto-ostial stenoses, all relative or absolute contraindications for OCT.

Selection of additional devices (Rotablator, IVL, high pressure or cutting/scoring balloons) will also be performed at the Investigators' preference.

Lesions with angiographically severe calcification will be examined with QCA analysis and/or intravascular imaging in order to discriminate between lesions requiring direct treatment with IVL and lesions treatable with balloon pre-dilatation. IVL could be also performed in case of focal balloon under-expansion, defined as the persistence of a focal balloon indentation 28at a pressure of 16-18 Atm, in lesions with angiographically mild to moderate calcifications or no angiographically visible calcifications initially planned for conventional balloon pre-dilatation. Uncrossable lesions will receive RA (Rotablator atherectomy) as default strategy, with an option for IVL in case of suboptimal balloon expansion.

The sample size was estimated by considering the primary endpoint of the study, i.e., the comparison of the late (one year) composite endpoint of CV (cardiovascular) death, lesion-related MI (Myocardial infarction), TLF including clinically driven TLR (Target lesion revascularization), definite and probable ST (stent thrombosis) in IVL treatment compared to other interventions. A Monte Carlo (MC) simulation method was considered for the calculation. According to a sample size up to 2000 patients, a study size of 1900 patients for a 12% event ensures an average confidence interval length of 0.029 (Figure 4). The final sample size is 2000 adjusted for a 5% dropout rate.