AnxietyNCT05480033
The Effect of Imagery Technique on Self-Effectiveness-Efficacy and Anxiety Levels of Nursing Students
A study testing Imagery Technique in people with Anxiety and Self Efficacy, run by Bozok University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
To determine the effect of the imagery technique used in the Nursing Fundamentals course on the self-effectiveness-efficacy and anxiety levels of students. This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Anxiety, Self Efficacy, Nurse's Role
- What is being tested?
- Imagery Technique
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 90 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Feb 2020to 1 Jun 2020
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Students who volunteered to participate in the study,
Who cannot join
- Who do not participate in the entire application, Students who did not focus on the study were not included.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
To determine the effect of the imagery technique used in the Nursing Fundamentals course on the self-effectiveness-efficacy and anxiety levels of students. This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. The research was completed with a total of 85 students, 40 of which were in the intervention group and 45 in the control group. The imagery technique was applied to the intervention group once a week for 4 weeks before the laboratory practice lesson. This study are self-efficacy-sufficiecy and state and trait anxiety levels obtained from the questionnaire before and after the application. While there was no difference in the mean scores of self-efficacy-sufficiecy and trait anxiety of the students before and after the application of the imagery technique (p=0.515, p=0.456), it was determined that the mean score of state anxiety of the students in the intervention group decreased significantly after the application (p=0.044). Academic nurses should work on increasing self-efficacy and reducing the level of trait anxiety, in addition to the supportive imagery technique during training.
Read the detailed description
Nursing students need to be prepared and supported to tackle problems that they are likely to experience in the future. With this in mind, this research was conducted to determine the effect of imagery technique applied in practical courses on the self-effectiveness-efficacy and anxiety levels of the nursing students.
This research was designed as a randomised controlled experimental study. The research included intervention (40 students) and control (45 students) groups, and a pre-test and post-test was applied.
The research was conducted between February 2021 and May 2021 with second-year students in the Nursing Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of a state university in Turkey.
Interventions: The students were informed about the purpose and scope of the study and the intervention. Students who volunteered to participate in the study were randomised into groups. Afterwards, 'Personal Information Form', 'Self-Effectiveness-Efficacy Scale' and 'State-Trait Anxiety Inventory' were distributed to all students as the pre-test.
Intervention group: The imagery technique was applied to the students in this group on the day of the laboratory practice, before the lesson, once a week for 4 weeks. The laboratory practice consisted of 6 weeks. Pre-test was performed on the first week, followed by 4 weeks of imagery technique, and the pre-test was performed on the final week. In each application of the imagery technique, four scenarios that could be encountered in clinical practice that required skill practice were used for 30 minutes (Table 1).
The imagery technique was applied by the second author who had expertise and training in nursing and imagery technique. The stages of the imagery technique included preparation of a suitable environment, preparation of the students, setting the background music (ney sound), relaxation, focusing on the technique, visualising the situation to be imagined, loading positive and constructive expressions on the individual, distracting the student from the imagined situation, relaxation and ending the session.
Control group: No intervention was performed on the students in this group. After the post-test, students in the control group were shown a video on imagery technique so that they would not feel excluded and less competent and also to reduce the possible bias among the students.
This study are self-efficacy-sufficiecy and state and trait anxiety levels obtained from the questionnaire before and after the application. While there was no difference in the mean scores of self-efficacy-sufficiecy and trait anxiety of the students before and after the application of the imagery technique (p=0.515, p=0.456), it was determined that the mean score of state anxiety of the students in the intervention group decreased significantly after the application (p=0.044).
The results of this study show that the imagery technique resulted in a significant decrease in the state anxiety levels of the nursing students, while the trait anxiety and self-effectiveness-efficacy levels were not affected. There are only limited studies in the literature evaluating the effectiveness of imagery technique in basic skill practice training of the nursing students. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to contribute to the nursing profession.
- Conditions
- Anxiety, Self Efficacy, Nurse's Role
- Being tested
- Imagery Technique
- Keywords
- Anxiety, Self Efficacy, Nursing students
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Imagery TechniqueBehavioural
The stages of the imagery technique included preparation of a suitable environment, preparation of the students, setting the background music (ney sound), relaxation, focusing on the technique, visualising the situation to be imagined, loading positive and constructive expressions on the individual, distracting the student from the imagined situation, relaxation and ending the session.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | The imagery technique was applied to the students in this group on the day of the laboratory practice, before the lesson, once a week for 4 weeks. The laboratory practice consisted of 6 weeks. Pre-test was performed on the first week, followed by 4 weeks of imagery technique, and the pre-test was performed on the final week. In each application of the imagery technique, four scenarios that could be encountered in clinical practice that required skill practice were used for 30 minutes. The imagery technique was applied by the second author who had expertise and training in nursing and imagery technique. The stages of the imagery technique included preparation of a suitable environment, preparation of the students, setting the background music (ney sound), relaxation, focusing on the technique, visualising the situation to be imagined, loading positive and constructive expressions on the individual, distracting the student from the imagined situation, relaxation and ending the session. Receives: Behavioral: Imagery Technique |
| Control group | No intervention | No intervention was performed on the students in this group. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Self-Effectiveness-Efficacy Scale
self-confidence
Measured: 3 MONTHS
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
stress levels
Measured: 3 MONTHS
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted29 Jul 2022
- Study start1 Feb 2020
- Primary completion1 May 2020
- Study completion1 Jun 2020
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for AnxietyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Imagination is linked to human creativity. Imagery is how we animate and design an object, situation and/or entity by redefining it and concretising it in our minds. In other words, imagery is the ability to create an idea or image in our minds.
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Bozok University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- GÜLAY YILMAZ, BETÜL KUŞ
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Ozlem Sahin Akboga, Bozok University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05480033
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- Imagery
- Status last verified
- Jul 2022
- First submitted
- 27 Jul 2022
- Last updated
- 29 Jul 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Jul 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Imagery Technique on Self-Effectiveness-Efficacy and Anxiety Levels of Nursing Students
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05480033
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- Imagery
- Conditions
- Anxiety, Self Efficacy, Nurse's Role
- Keywords
- Anxiety, Self Efficacy, Nursing students
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 90 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Bozok UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Collaborators
- GÜLAY YILMAZ, BETÜL KUŞ
- Study start
- 1 Feb 2020 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Jun 2020 (actual)
- First posted
- 29 Jul 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
To determine the effect of the imagery technique used in the Nursing Fundamentals course on the self-effectiveness-efficacy and anxiety levels of students. This study was designed as a randomized controlled trial. The research was completed with a total of 85 students, 40 of which were in the intervention group and 45 in the control group. The imagery technique was applied to the intervention group once a week for 4 weeks before the laboratory practice lesson. This study are self-efficacy-sufficiecy and state and trait anxiety levels obtained from the questionnaire before and after the application. While there was no difference in the mean scores of self-efficacy-sufficiecy and trait anxiety of the students before and after the application of the imagery technique (p=0.515, p=0.456), it was determined that the mean score of state anxiety of the students in the intervention group decreased significantly after the application (p=0.044). Academic nurses should work on increasing self-efficacy and reducing the level of trait anxiety, in addition to the supportive imagery technique during training.
Detailed description
Nursing students need to be prepared and supported to tackle problems that they are likely to experience in the future. With this in mind, this research was conducted to determine the effect of imagery technique applied in practical courses on the self-effectiveness-efficacy and anxiety levels of the nursing students.
This research was designed as a randomised controlled experimental study. The research included intervention (40 students) and control (45 students) groups, and a pre-test and post-test was applied.
The research was conducted between February 2021 and May 2021 with second-year students in the Nursing Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of a state university in Turkey.
Interventions: The students were informed about the purpose and scope of the study and the intervention. Students who volunteered to participate in the study were randomised into groups. Afterwards, 'Personal Information Form', 'Self-Effectiveness-Efficacy Scale' and 'State-Trait Anxiety Inventory' were distributed to all students as the pre-test.
Intervention group: The imagery technique was applied to the students in this group on the day of the laboratory practice, before the lesson, once a week for 4 weeks. The laboratory practice consisted of 6 weeks. Pre-test was performed on the first week, followed by 4 weeks of imagery technique, and the pre-test was performed on the final week. In each application of the imagery technique, four scenarios that could be encountered in clinical practice that required skill practice were used for 30 minutes (Table 1).
The imagery technique was applied by the second author who had expertise and training in nursing and imagery technique. The stages of the imagery technique included preparation of a suitable environment, preparation of the students, setting the background music (ney sound), relaxation, focusing on the technique, visualising the situation to be imagined, loading positive and constructive expressions on the individual, distracting the student from the imagined situation, relaxation and ending the session.
Control group: No intervention was performed on the students in this group. After the post-test, students in the control group were shown a video on imagery technique so that they would not feel excluded and less competent and also to reduce the possible bias among the students.
This study are self-efficacy-sufficiecy and state and trait anxiety levels obtained from the questionnaire before and after the application. While there was no difference in the mean scores of self-efficacy-sufficiecy and trait anxiety of the students before and after the application of the imagery technique (p=0.515, p=0.456), it was determined that the mean score of state anxiety of the students in the intervention group decreased significantly after the application (p=0.044).
The results of this study show that the imagery technique resulted in a significant decrease in the state anxiety levels of the nursing students, while the trait anxiety and self-effectiveness-efficacy levels were not affected. There are only limited studies in the literature evaluating the effectiveness of imagery technique in basic skill practice training of the nursing students. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to contribute to the nursing profession.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- Imagination is linked to human creativity. Imagery is how we animate and design an object, situation and/or entity by redefining it and concretising it in our minds. In other words, imagery is the ability to create an idea or image in our minds.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Intervention group | Experimental | Behavioral: Imagery TechniqueThe imagery technique was applied to the students in this group on the day of the laboratory practice, before the lesson, once a week for 4 weeks. The laboratory practice consisted of 6 weeks. Pre-test was performed on the first week, followed by 4 weeks of imagery technique, and the pre-test was performed on the final week. In each application of the imagery technique, four scenarios that could be encountered in clinical practice that required skill practice were used for 30 minutes. The imagery technique was applied by the second author who had expertise and training in nursing and imagery technique. The stages of the imagery technique included preparation of a suitable environment, preparation of the students, setting the background music (ney sound), relaxation, focusing on the technique, visualising the situation to be imagined, loading positive and constructive expressions on the individual, distracting the student from the imagined situation, relaxation and ending the session. |
| Control group | No intervention | –No intervention was performed on the students in this group. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Students who volunteered to participate in the study,
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Who do not participate in the entire application, Students who did not focus on the study were not included.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Imagery TechniqueThe stages of the imagery technique included preparation of a suitable environment, preparation of the students, setting the background music (ney sound), relaxation, focusing on the technique, visualising the situation to be imagined, loading positive and constructive expressions on the individual, distracting the student from the imagined situation, relaxation and ending the session. | Behavioural | Intervention group |
Primary outcome
Self-Effectiveness-Efficacy Scale
Time frame: 3 MONTHS
self-confidence
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory
Time frame: 3 MONTHS
stress levels
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Jul 2022.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Imagery Technique in people with Anxiety and Self Efficacy, run by Bozok University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Jul 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Self-Effectiveness-Efficacy Scale (time frame: 3 MONTHS). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Jul 2022.