Athletic InjuriesNCT05484778
Analysis of Balance and Functional Hop Tests in Athletes With Lower Extremity Injuries by Dual Task Study
A study testing Dual tasking paradigm in people with Athletic Injuries and Knee Injuries, run by Istanbul University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Functional Hop tests and balance measurements are frequently used to decide on returning to sports after lower extremity injuries. Although the athletes show proficiency in these tests and measurements, re-injuries occur when returning to sports. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 14 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Athletic Injuries, Knee Injuries, Ankle Injuries
- What is being tested?
- Dual tasking paradigm
- Type of treatment
- Surgery or procedure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 39 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 28 Sep 2022to 30 Sep 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 14 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Having a history of injury to only one lower extremity before
- Having to stay away from sports activities for at least 1 week and maximum 6 weeks after the injury.
- Not having a lower extremity injury in the last 6 months
- Age range of 14-30 and still being active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jumping physically
Who cannot join
- Bilateral lower extremity injury history
- Pregnancy
- Vestibular, respiratory and visual disturbances
- Diabetes
- Auditory or cognitive deficit
- Use of drugs that affect balance, cognition and attention
Show all 10Show fewer
- Pain in the affected lower extremity (at least 2/10 according to the VAS -Visual Analogue Scale-)
- Lower extremity or waist operation history
- Conditions or neurological disorders that may affect balance
- Head trauma or symptoms related to head trauma
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Functional Hop tests and balance measurements are frequently used to decide on returning to sports after lower extremity injuries. Although the athletes show proficiency in these tests and measurements, re-injuries occur when returning to sports. The causes of these re-injuries are mostly functional deficiencies such as inadequate neuromuscular control and stability.
In the competition or sports environment, especially in team games, the athlete also shows cognitive performance, such as communication with teammates and following the game, which are included in the game setup, as well as the physical performance. Performing many tasks or performances at the same time divides the focus of attention on the activities performed, and if the person cannot adequately meet the attention demands, the quality of one or more of the tasks performed will deteriorate. As the level of expertise in the sport increases, the athlete tends to manage his posture, balance and movement with automatic postural control and can focus his attention on a new task.
Read more
The concept of focus of attention has been evaluated from different perspectives over time. If it is examined in terms of direction; It is divided into two as the internal focus of attention, which is used by focusing on body movements during the performance of the person, and the external focus of attention, which is used by focusing on the effect of the movement during the performance of the person. As the investigators planned in this study, a second cognitive task assigned to the participant simultaneously during his or her physical performance acts as an external focus of attention, allowing movement control during performance to be carried out by unconscious or automatic processes.
The investigators's aim; It is to examine the balance and functional hop tests that the investigator will apply in athletes by combining them with a simultaneous dual cognitive task that will reflect the field conditions more realistically. In the meantime, investigators think that with the sharing of our results with the literature, it can contribute to both the decision-making processes to return to sports after injury and preventive rehabilitation programs.
Read the detailed description
As a result of this study, the possible changes in balance and functional jump performances of athletes who have previously had unilateral lower extremity injuries will be examined with the dual-task paradigm. In line with these results, it will be possible to comment on the balance and functional hop test performances of the athletes together with the cognitive task. Balance measurements and functional performance evaluations are used in the decision to return to sports after previous injuries. After the measurements, the affected and unaffected side are compared and an evaluation is made. However, even with these tests and evaluations, athletes are injured again when they return to sports. One of the reasons for this may be that the protective and controlled environment applied during rehabilitation is less challenging and requires less attention when compared to the competitive and sports environment in which the person is involved. For this reason, the investigator think that the evaluations and tests used in the decision to return to sports include both cognitive and physical performance by forcing the attention demands of the person, and it may be more effective in determining the real performance of the person. Thus, the use of physical assessments applied with simultaneous cognitive tasks can be used in the evaluation of the athletes during the return to sports by calculating the possible measurement differences between the affected and unaffected sides compared to the classical procedure, and in the planning of preventive rehabilitation programs of the athletes if there is a decrease in performance in the measurements applied as a dual task. It also contributes to studies that examine performance together with the dual task previously applied to athletes. Secondly, by examining the relationship between balance and functional hop test parameters, it will be determined how effective the independent variables are on each other. If the performance of individuals who have had a previous injury change with the dual task and the mechanisms of these possible changes are known, protective and performance-enhancing strategies can be developed, the cognitive and physical preparation of the athletes for the sports environment can be accelerated, and the risks of re-injury of the athletes can be reduced, as a result of which medical costs can be reduced.
- Conditions
- Athletic Injuries, Knee Injuries, Ankle Injuries, Hip Injuries, Ankle Sprains, Reinjuries
- Being tested
- Dual tasking paradigm
- Keywords
- dual-task paradigm
- Medical subject headings
- Athletic Injuries, Knee Injuries, Ankle Injuries, Hip Injuries, Reinjuries
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Dual tasking paradigmProcedure or surgery
The dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Case Group | Other | This group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. Receives: Procedure: Dual tasking paradigm |
| Control Group | Other | This group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. Receives: Procedure: Dual tasking paradigm |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded.
The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Measured: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement (APSI-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded.
The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Measured: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement (MLSI-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded.
The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Measured: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-noninjured/Better Side-Single Task)
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded.
The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Measured: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement (APSI-noninjured/Better Side- Single Task)
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded.
The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Measured: day 1
Balance Measurement Performance (MLSI-noninjured/Better Side-Single Task)
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded.
The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test (THD-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)
Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).
The results of this measurement method have certain cut-off values depending on gender and age. In this study, the performance was not compared according to the cut-off values, but between the groups.
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test (CHD-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)
Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).
The results of this measurement method have certain cut-off values depending on gender and age. In this study, the performance was not compared according to the cut-off values, but between the groups.
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test (6MHT-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)
6m hop for timed-6MTH: The participant was asked to jump on one leg as fast as possible from the marked start point to the finish point, which is 6 meters away from the marked start point. The time from the start to the end of 6 meters was recorded.
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test(THD-noninjured/Better Side- Single Task)
Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test(CHD-noninjured/Better Side-Single Task)
Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test(6MHT-noninjured/Better Side-Single Task)
6m hop for timed-6MTH: The participant was asked to jump on one leg as fast as possible from the marked start point to the finish point, which is 6 meters away from the marked start point. The time from the start to the end of 6 meters was recorded.
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test THD LSI-Single Task
The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test CHD LSI-Single Task
The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test 6MHT LSI-Single Task
The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.
Measured: day 1
Secondary outcomes (15)
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded.
The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Measured: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement (APSI-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded.
The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Measured: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement (MLSI-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded.
The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Measured: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-noninjured/Better Side- Dual Task)
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded.
The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Measured: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement(APSI-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded.
The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Measured: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement(MLSI-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded.
The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test(THD-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)
Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test (CHD-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)
Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test (6MHT-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)
6m hop for timed-6MTH: The participant was asked to jump on one leg as fast as possible from the marked start point to the finish point, which is 6 meters away from the marked start point. The time from the start to the end of 6 meters was recorded.
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test(THD-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)
Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test(CHD-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)
Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test(6MHT-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test THD LSI-Dual Task
The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test CHD LSI-Dual Task
The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.
Measured: day 1
Functional Hop Test 6MHT LSI-Dual Task
The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.
Measured: day 1
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted2 Aug 2022
- Study start28 Sep 2022
- Primary completion28 Sep 2022
- Study completion30 Sep 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, outcome measures and adverse events reported by the sponsor.
- Other trials for Athletic InjuriesStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Istanbul UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Screening
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 39 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Aysen Elif Yılmaz, Istanbul University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05484778
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- IU-ELIF-001
- Status last verified
- Aug 2025
- First submitted
- 4 Jul 2022
- Last updated
- 13 Aug 2025
- Results posted
- Yes, on ClinicalTrials.gov
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 13 Aug 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Analysis of Balance and Functional Hop Tests in Athletes With Lower Extremity Injuries by Dual Task Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05484778
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- IU-ELIF-001
- Conditions
- Athletic Injuries, Knee Injuries, Ankle Injuries, Hip Injuries, Ankle Sprains, Reinjuries
- Keywords
- dual-task paradigm
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 39 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Istanbul UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 28 Sep 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 28 Sep 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Sep 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 2 Aug 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Posted 13 Aug 2025
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Functional Hop tests and balance measurements are frequently used to decide on returning to sports after lower extremity injuries. Although the athletes show proficiency in these tests and measurements, re-injuries occur when returning to sports. The causes of these re-injuries are mostly functional deficiencies such as inadequate neuromuscular control and stability.
In the competition or sports environment, especially in team games, the athlete also shows cognitive performance, such as communication with teammates and following the game, which are included in the game setup, as well as the physical performance. Performing many tasks or performances at the same time divides the focus of attention on the activities performed, and if the person cannot adequately meet the attention demands, the quality of one or more of the tasks performed will deteriorate. As the level of expertise in the sport increases, the athlete tends to manage his posture, balance and movement with automatic postural control and can focus his attention on a new task.
The concept of focus of attention has been evaluated from different perspectives over time. If it is examined in terms of direction; It is divided into two as the internal focus of attention, which is used by focusing on body movements during the performance of the person, and the external focus of attention, which is used by focusing on the effect of the movement during the performance of the person. As the investigators planned in this study, a second cognitive task assigned to the participant simultaneously during his or her physical performance acts as an external focus of attention, allowing movement control during performance to be carried out by unconscious or automatic processes.
The investigators's aim; It is to examine the balance and functional hop tests that the investigator will apply in athletes by combining them with a simultaneous dual cognitive task that will reflect the field conditions more realistically. In the meantime, investigators think that with the sharing of our results with the literature, it can contribute to both the decision-making processes to return to sports after injury and preventive rehabilitation programs.
Detailed description
As a result of this study, the possible changes in balance and functional jump performances of athletes who have previously had unilateral lower extremity injuries will be examined with the dual-task paradigm. In line with these results, it will be possible to comment on the balance and functional hop test performances of the athletes together with the cognitive task. Balance measurements and functional performance evaluations are used in the decision to return to sports after previous injuries. After the measurements, the affected and unaffected side are compared and an evaluation is made. However, even with these tests and evaluations, athletes are injured again when they return to sports. One of the reasons for this may be that the protective and controlled environment applied during rehabilitation is less challenging and requires less attention when compared to the competitive and sports environment in which the person is involved. For this reason, the investigator think that the evaluations and tests used in the decision to return to sports include both cognitive and physical performance by forcing the attention demands of the person, and it may be more effective in determining the real performance of the person. Thus, the use of physical assessments applied with simultaneous cognitive tasks can be used in the evaluation of the athletes during the return to sports by calculating the possible measurement differences between the affected and unaffected sides compared to the classical procedure, and in the planning of preventive rehabilitation programs of the athletes if there is a decrease in performance in the measurements applied as a dual task. It also contributes to studies that examine performance together with the dual task previously applied to athletes. Secondly, by examining the relationship between balance and functional hop test parameters, it will be determined how effective the independent variables are on each other. If the performance of individuals who have had a previous injury change with the dual task and the mechanisms of these possible changes are known, protective and performance-enhancing strategies can be developed, the cognitive and physical preparation of the athletes for the sports environment can be accelerated, and the risks of re-injury of the athletes can be reduced, as a result of which medical costs can be reduced.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Screening
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Case Group | Other | Procedure: Dual tasking paradigmThis group consists of athletes whose are between the ages of 14-30 and are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who have a history of injury to only one lower extremity before. |
| Control Group | Other | Procedure: Dual tasking paradigmThis group consists of athletes whose age range is 14-30, and who are still active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jump physically and who do not have a history of lower extremity injuries. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 14 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Having a history of injury to only one lower extremity before
- Having to stay away from sports activities for at least 1 week and maximum 6 weeks after the injury.
- Not having a lower extremity injury in the last 6 months
- Age range of 14-30 and still being active at high school or university level in sports involving sudden changes of direction and jumping physically
Key exclusion criteria (10 listed)
- Bilateral lower extremity injury history
- Pregnancy
- Vestibular, respiratory and visual disturbances
- Diabetes
- Auditory or cognitive deficit
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Dual tasking paradigmThe dual task methodology is a testing model that requires one person to perform two tasks at the same time. The dual task is divided into two as motor-motor or motor-cognitive. Dual tasks provide an opportunity to examine the attention demands of both tasks and allow possible interference to be observed. The idea behind this design is that central processing capacity has a limit and must be distributed among concurrent tasks. | Procedure or surgery | Case Group, Control Group |
Primary outcome
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)
Time frame: day 1
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Balance Performance Measurement (APSI-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)
Time frame: day 1
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Balance Performance Measurement (MLSI-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)
Time frame: day 1
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-noninjured/Better Side-Single Task)
Time frame: day 1
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Balance Performance Measurement (APSI-noninjured/Better Side- Single Task)
Time frame: day 1
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Balance Measurement Performance (MLSI-noninjured/Better Side-Single Task)
Time frame: day 1
For balance measurement, Athlete Single Leg Stability, one of the test modes in the Biodex Balance System SD balance device, was preferred. The participant took a position with her/his eyes open, the foot of the untested leg resting on the back of the ankle of the tested leg, her arms crossed over her chest, and the balance center in the middle of the platform most comfortably. The analysis protocol was applied at 5 level, consisting of 20 seconds, 1 sample and 3 test repetitions, with a 10-second rest between repetitions. General stability index (OSI), anterior/posterior stability index (APSI), medial/lateral stability index (MLSI) were recorded. The unit of data obtained in this device is the balance index. And values close to 0 indicate high stability.
Functional Hop Test (THD-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)
Time frame: day 1
Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m). The results of this measurement method have certain cut-off values depending on gender and age. In this study, the performance was not compared according to the cut-off values, but between the groups.
Functional Hop Test (CHD-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)
Time frame: day 1
Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m). The results of this measurement method have certain cut-off values depending on gender and age. In this study, the performance was not compared according to the cut-off values, but between the groups.
Functional Hop Test (6MHT-injured/Worse Side-Single Task)
Time frame: day 1
6m hop for timed-6MTH: The participant was asked to jump on one leg as fast as possible from the marked start point to the finish point, which is 6 meters away from the marked start point. The time from the start to the end of 6 meters was recorded.
Functional Hop Test(THD-noninjured/Better Side- Single Task)
Time frame: day 1
Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).
Functional Hop Test(CHD-noninjured/Better Side-Single Task)
Time frame: day 1
Triple hop for distance ,Crossover hop for distance-CHD -In these two tests, the distance between the starting line and the heel line in step 3 was measured. Normalization was done by dividing this distance (m) by the athlete's height (m).
Functional Hop Test(6MHT-noninjured/Better Side-Single Task)
Time frame: day 1
6m hop for timed-6MTH: The participant was asked to jump on one leg as fast as possible from the marked start point to the finish point, which is 6 meters away from the marked start point. The time from the start to the end of 6 meters was recorded.
Functional Hop Test THD LSI-Single Task
Time frame: day 1
The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.
Functional Hop Test CHD LSI-Single Task
Time frame: day 1
The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.
Functional Hop Test 6MHT LSI-Single Task
Time frame: day 1
The limb symmetry index (LSI) was calculated to evaluate the difference between the two legs in all functional tests. Calculation for the case group; LSI = Affected leg score ÷ Unaffected leg score × 100 This calculation for the control group; LSI= Worse score ÷ Better score × 100.
15 secondary outcomes
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)
Time frame: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement (APSI-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)
Time frame: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement (MLSI-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)
Time frame: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-noninjured/Better Side- Dual Task)
Time frame: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement(APSI-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)
Time frame: day 1
Balance Performance Measurement(MLSI-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)
Time frame: day 1
Functional Hop Test(THD-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)
Time frame: day 1
Functional Hop Test (CHD-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)
Time frame: day 1
Functional Hop Test (6MHT-injured/Worse Side-Dual Task)
Time frame: day 1
Functional Hop Test(THD-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)
Time frame: day 1
Functional Hop Test(CHD-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)
Time frame: day 1
Functional Hop Test(6MHT-noninjured/Better Side-Dual Task)
Time frame: day 1
Functional Hop Test THD LSI-Dual Task
Time frame: day 1
Functional Hop Test CHD LSI-Dual Task
Time frame: day 1
Functional Hop Test 6MHT LSI-Dual Task
Time frame: day 1
Results and safety
Loading the posted results from ClinicalTrials.gov…
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 13 Aug 2025.
- Posted resultsParticipant flow, baseline, all outcome measures and adverse events.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Dual tasking paradigm in people with Athletic Injuries and Knee Injuries, run by Istanbul University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 13 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 13 Aug 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Balance Performance Measurement (OSI-injured/Worse Side-Single Task) (time frame: day 1). The study lists 15 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 13 Aug 2025.