AzTrials
AzTrials

InterventionNCT05500781

Online Program for Coaching Girls: Coaching HER

A study testing Coaching HER in people with Intervention and Waitlist Control, run by University of Minnesota at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

Despite the numerous physical and psychological benefits of taking part in sport, studies consistently show that only 15% of adolescent girls globally meet the recommended daily exercise guidelines (Guthold et al., 2018). Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Intervention, Waitlist Control
What is being tested?
Coaching HER
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
55 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
1 May 2022to 31 Aug 2022
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Current Coaches of adolescent girls
  • English speaking
  • U.S. resident

Who cannot join

  • Participants under 18 years of age
  • Coaches outside of the US
  • Coaches who only coach adult women or men/boys

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site

  • University of Minnesota

    Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Coaching HER: Eliminating Gender Stereotypes in Sport Coaching

Despite the numerous physical and psychological benefits of taking part in sport, studies consistently show that only 15% of adolescent girls globally meet the recommended daily exercise guidelines (Guthold et al., 2018). The team climate, created by coaches, has been identified as a critical factor in both girls' participation in, and enjoyment of, sport and movement (CITE). Research indicates that girls disengage from sport because of body image concerns, uncomfortable and objectifying uniforms, appearance-related teasing from peers and coaches, untrained coaches, and negative team cultures (Murray et al., 2021; Vani et al., 2021).

help coaching girls books as another form of media that produces "commonsense proof" of girls' sport inferiority, essentializes gender differences, reifies the gender binary (Kane, 1995), and marginalizes the sport participation of girls.

Read more

The beliefs, values and expectations of significant adults can positively or negatively influence self-perceptions, motivation, experiences, and behaviors of children (Fredricks \& Eccles, 2005; Brustad et al., 2001) and also directly influence the coaching behaviors of adults (Cassidy et al., 2005).

The 'coaching girls' books examined for this study were formulaic products written from a perspective of difference, "despite extensive evidence from meta-analysis research of gender differences which supports the gender similarity hypothesis" (Hyde, 2005, p.590).

ambivalent and primarily non-research based messages contained within the books trivialize, misrepresent, distort, and marginalize girls' emotions, thoughts, relationships, skills and behaviors in sport contexts (Birrell \& Theberge, 1994), while upholding coaching boys as normative praxis. Coaching girls books appear to "help" coaches of female athletes, while simultaneously reifying gender stereotypes that undermine female empowerment that can occur in and through sports.

Praxis based on gendered beliefs of inherent difference is dangerous as it can undermine male-female relationships as well as beliefs of equality, and deprive all children of the opportunity to develop their full human potential (Barnett \& Rivers, 2004). Coaches must be aware that coaching is a gendered practice in which beliefs and values are enacted, sometimes in ways that limit the experiences of their athletes.

On the other hand, sport participation can improve girls' self perceptions and lead to accrual of health and development assets if the coach and adults in the context are aware of the gendered nature of sport, and strive to eliminate deleterious effects (LaVoi, 2018).

This study will test an educational program for coaches aimed at reducing gender essentialist beliefs and gender stereotypes of coaches, to improve the sport experience for girls.

Being tested
Coaching HER
Keywords
Athletes, Girls, Coaches, Web-based, Coach Education, Gender Stereotypes

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Coaching HERBehavioural

    The CoachingHER coach education program is a six-module online program aimed at upskilling coaches in [the effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of the Coaching HER; the first online program aimed at reducing gender stereotypes for coaches]. Each module will take approximately 20 minutes to complete and consists of educational content, interactive elements (quizzes, checklists, opinion polls, reflective exercises), and additional resources.

Study groups in NCT05500781
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Coaching HERExperimentalParticipants in the interventional condition will take part in an online program consisting of 6 modules over 2 weeks
Receives: Behavioral: Coaching HER
Waitlist ControlNo interventionParticipants will not be explicitly told their study condition, although they will be made aware of the assessment time points and whether they receive the intervention between T1 and T2 (intervention) or after T2 (waitlist control). Following completion of post-intervention assessments (T2), the control condition will participate in the intervention; but, they will not be monitored or assessed.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Change in coaches' self-efficacy in tackling gender stereotypes

    Change in coaches' self-efficacy in tackling gender stereotypes assessed via the Coach Confidence: Gender Stereotypes In Sport (modified from Vaughan et al., 2004)

    Measured: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention (2 weeks later)

Secondary outcomes (2)

  1. Change in coaches' self-efficacy in tackling gender essentialist beliefs

    Process Outcome

    Measured: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention (2 weeks later)

  2. Total feasibility, acceptability, and adherence of the intervention (assessed via a self-report questionnaire)

    Assess the feasibility, acceptability, and adherence of the CoachingHER coach education program

    Measured: Immediately after the intervention

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted15 Aug 2022
  2. Study start1 May 2022
  3. Primary completion31 Aug 2022
  4. Study completion31 Aug 2022

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
Triple blind
Who is masked
Participant, Care provider, Outcomes assessor
Enrolment
55 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05500781
Sponsor's protocol ID
STUDY00015642
Status last verified
Sep 2022
First submitted
11 Aug 2022
Last updated
14 Sep 2022
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Barnett, R., & Rivers, C. (2004). Same difference: How gender myths are hurting our relationships, our children, and our jobs. New York: Basic Books.

  • Birrell, S., & Theberge, N. (1994). Ideological control of women in sport. In D.M. Costa & S.R. Guthrie (Eds.), Women and sport: Interdisciplinary perspectives (pp. 341-359). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics

  • Brustad, R.J., Babkes, M.L., Smith (2001). Youth in sport: Psychological considerations (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons

  • Cassidy, T., Jones, R., & Potrac, P. (2005). Understanding sports coaching: The social, cultural and pedagogical foundations of coaching practice. New York: Routledge.

  • Fredricks, J.A, & Eccles, J.S. (2005). Family socialization, gender, and sport motivation and involvement. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 27, 3-31. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.27.1.3

  • Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1.9 million participants. Lancet Glob Health. 2018 Oct;6(10):e1077-e1086. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7. Epub 2018 Sep 4.

    PubMed 30193830

  • Hyde JS. The gender similarities hypothesis. Am Psychol. 2005 Sep;60(6):581-592. doi: 10.1037/0003-066X.60.6.581.

    PubMed 16173891

  • Kane, M. J. (1995). Resistance/transformation of the oppositional binary: Exposing sport as a continuum. Journal of Sport and Social Issues, 19(2), 191-218. https://doi.org/10.1177/019372395019002006

  • LaVoi, N.M. (2018). Girls' physical activity participation: A best practices model and summary. In N.M. LaVoi (Ed.) The 2018 Tucker Center research report, developing physically active girls: An evidence-based multidisciplinary approach (pp. 197-213). Minneapolis, MN

  • Murray, R. M., Sabiston, C. M., Coffee, P., & Kowalski, K. C. (2021). Strengthening the relationship between physical activity and physical self-concept: The moderating effect of controllable attributions. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 52, 101828.

  • Vani, M. F., Murray, R. M., & Sabiston, C. M. (2021). Body image and physical activity. Essentials of exercise and sport psychology: An open access textbook, 150-175.

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Coaching HER in people with Intervention and Waitlist Control, run by University of Minnesota at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Sep 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Change in coaches' self-efficacy in tackling gender stereotypes (time frame: Baseline, pre-intervention; immediately after the intervention (2 weeks later)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05500781, which also lists 11 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Sep 2022.

AzTrials uses cookies for analytics and advertising. You can accept or reject them; the site works either way. Privacy Policy.

Free account

Keep searching with a free account

You’ve used your 3 free searches for this session. Log in or create a free AzTrials account to keep searching clinical trials and save the ones you want to follow.

Create a free accountLog in