AnxietyNCT05539820
Reiki Effects on the State Test Anxiety Levels and Exam Success
A study testing Reiki in people with Anxiety and Exam Stress, run by Ankara Medipol University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
This study aimed to determine the effect of distant Reiki on first-year nursing students' state test anxiety levels and exam success. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Anxiety, Exam Stress
- What is being tested?
- Reiki
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 71 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 10 Jun 2022to 1 Sep 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Not having a diagnosed current anxiety disorder or any psychiatric problem,
- Not having a current acute or chronic health problem,
- Willingness to participate in Reiki practice,
- Not having received body-mind therapy (yoga, reiki, meditation, etc.) in the last six months
Who cannot join
- Those who were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder or a psychiatric illness during the data collection process and need treatment,
- Being Reiki practitioners or trainers,
- Those who refuse to answer the Reiki application and data collection tools,
- Those who want to leave the research while the research is continuing,
- Those who had previously received energy therapies such as Reiki/therapeutic ouch/healing touch and those who used other complementary health practices were not included in the study.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect of Distant Reiki on the State Test Anxiety Levels and Exam Success of Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Study
This study aimed to determine the effect of distant Reiki on first-year nursing students' state test anxiety levels and exam success.
Read the detailed description
Reiki, an energy-based practice based in Japanese culture, consists of the words "rei" meaning "Spirit" and "ki" meaning "universal life force" and means "spiritual directed life force energy". Reiki, accepted as a complementary and alternative therapy (CAM) by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, is a simple, natural and safe method that everyone can use; It is a holistic healing method that nourishes the body, mind and spirit. The principle of Reiki is based on the principle that in case of a blockage in an energy center, disease occurs and the energy transferred by touching it strengthens and heals the body's ability to heal itself by opening the blockages. Trained Reiki practitioners can perform the application by holding their hands in certain positions on the recipient's body, as well as remotely. It will also be important for Reiki to become widespread as a nursing practice in many countries, especially for nurse candidates to experience the effects of Reiki on reducing stress and anxiety. In the literature, it is emphasized that uncontrollable test anxiety can also affect the academic success of students. For this reason, it is thought that Reiki, whose effectiveness in coping with stress and anxiety has been demonstrated by various studies, may be effective in coping with exam anxiety of nursing students. A study investigating the effect of Reiki on reducing students' anxiety could not be found in the literature. In this context, it will be the first study to examine the effect of Reiki on reducing anxiety in nursing students.
This randomized controlled prospective study was conducted with first-year nursing students between 10-19 June 2022. The data of the study was collected using "Personal Information Form I-II (PIF)" and "State Test Anxiety Scale (STAS)" via online form. Also, the final exam notes were used for assessing the success of the students, the final exam averages were used.
PIF-I and STAS were applied to the students who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study between 10-13 June 2022. Patients were randomized 1:1 into groups by a single therapist according to the block randomization method. There were two arms in the study; Reiki treatment (n=36) and control group (n=35). A second or third-degree Reiki practitioner applied distant Reiki to the students for 20 minutes for four consecutive days (14-17 June 2022) in the Reiki treatment group. In the control group, nothing was done. At 19 June 2022, PIF- II and STAS were applied to all patients.
- Conditions
- Anxiety, Exam Stress
- Being tested
- Reiki
- Keywords
- Reiki, Distant Reiki, State Test Anxiety, Exam Success, Nursing Students
- Medical subject headings
- Anxiety Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ReikiOther
Reiki is based on the belief that disease occurs when an energy center is blocked, and that the energy is transmitted through touch. In distant Reiki, Reiki practitioners followed the traditional Usui Reiki protocol for distant healing. Reiki practitioners first undertake the name of students and then send the healing energy to the students.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Reiki group | Experimental | PIF-I and STAS were administered to the Reiki group through an online questionnaire. After the pretests of the students were completed, between 14-17 June 2022, the distant reiki application was made under the guidance of a researcher with a Usui Reiki Master \&Teacher degree and by the researchers with Reiki -II or Reiki-III degrees. The application was carried out for 20 minutes on four consecutive days. Before the final exams (19 June 2022), the posttests (PIF-II and STAS) were applied to the students through an online questionnaire. Receives: Other: Reiki |
| Control Group | No intervention | PIF-I and STAS were administered to the control group through an online questionnaire. Then before the final exams on 19 June 2022, the posttests (PIF-II and STAS) were applied to the students through an online questionnaire. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Personal Information Form-I
There are 16 questions to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the students (age, gender, marital status, educational status of parents, etc.).
Measured: Baseline.
Change from State Test Anxiety Scale
The scale measured the state test anxiety level of the students. Within the scope of the study, the scale was repeated before the final exams on 19 June 2022. While the minimum score that can be obtained from State Test Anxiety Scale is 22, the maximum score is 88. An increase in the score obtained from the scale means an increase in the level of anxiety.
Measured: Baseline, 1 day before the exam.
Personal Information Form-II
It was made as a post-test, and it includes 6 questions that question the characteristics of students regarding sleep, tea-coffee-cigarette consumption during the exam period.
Measured: 1 day before the exam.
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Sep 2022
- Study start10 Jun 2022
- Primary completion19 Jun 2022
- Study completion1 Sep 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (7)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for AnxietyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 71 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Medipol University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, NURSEMIN UNAL, Ankara Medipol University
- Investigators
- Nursemin Ünal, Principal investigator, Ankara Medipol University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05539820
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 025
- Status last verified
- Sep 2022
- First submitted
- 3 Sep 2022
- Last updated
- 14 Sep 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Hamaideh SH, Al-Omari H, Al-Modallal H. Nursing students' perceived stress and coping behaviors in clinical training in Saudi Arabia. J Ment Health. 2017 Jun;26(3):197-203. doi: 10.3109/09638237.2016.1139067. Epub 2016 Feb 5.
PubMed 26850046Bektas Akpinar N, Ozcan Yuce U, Yurtsever S. The Effect of Distant Reiki on the Stress and Fatigue Levels of Nurses Working in COVID-19 Clinics: A Randomized-Controlled, Single-Blind Study. Holist Nurs Pract. 2024 Mar-Apr 01;38(2):102-108. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000519. Epub 2022 Apr 7.
PubMed 35435859Chen YW, Hung CH. Predictors of Taiwanese baccalaureate nursing students' physio-psycho-social responses during clinical practicum. Nurse Educ Today. 2014 Jan;34(1):73-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.02.021. Epub 2013 Apr 6.
PubMed 23566461Torabizadeh C, Bostani S, Yektatalab S. Comparison between the effects of muscle relaxation and support groups on the anxiety of nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016 Nov;25:106-113. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.09.001. Epub 2016 Sep 7.
PubMed 27863599Cuneo CL, Curtis Cooper MR, Drew CS, Naoum-Heffernan C, Sherman T, Walz K, Weinberg J. The effect of Reiki on work-related stress of the registered nurse. J Holist Nurs. 2011 Mar;29(1):33-43. doi: 10.1177/0898010110377294. Epub 2010 Aug 10.
PubMed 20699431Diaz-Rodriguez L, Arroyo-Morales M, Fernandez-de-las-Penas C, Garcia-Lafuente F, Garcia-Royo C, Tomas-Rojas I. Immediate effects of reiki on heart rate variability, cortisol levels, and body temperature in health care professionals with burnout. Biol Res Nurs. 2011 Oct;13(4):376-82. doi: 10.1177/1099800410389166. Epub 2011 Aug 5.
PubMed 21821642Asturias N, Andrew S, Boardman G, Kerr D. The influence of socio-demographic factors on stress and coping strategies among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2021 Apr;99:104780. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104780. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
PubMed 33516979
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Sep 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Distant Reiki on the State Test Anxiety Levels and Exam Success of Nursing Students: A Randomized Controlled Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05539820
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 025
- Conditions
- Anxiety, Exam Stress
- Keywords
- Reiki, Distant Reiki, State Test Anxiety, Exam Success, Nursing Students
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 71 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ankara Medipol UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Jun 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 19 Jun 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Sep 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Sep 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This study aimed to determine the effect of distant Reiki on first-year nursing students' state test anxiety levels and exam success.
Detailed description
Reiki, an energy-based practice based in Japanese culture, consists of the words "rei" meaning "Spirit" and "ki" meaning "universal life force" and means "spiritual directed life force energy". Reiki, accepted as a complementary and alternative therapy (CAM) by the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, is a simple, natural and safe method that everyone can use; It is a holistic healing method that nourishes the body, mind and spirit. The principle of Reiki is based on the principle that in case of a blockage in an energy center, disease occurs and the energy transferred by touching it strengthens and heals the body's ability to heal itself by opening the blockages. Trained Reiki practitioners can perform the application by holding their hands in certain positions on the recipient's body, as well as remotely. It will also be important for Reiki to become widespread as a nursing practice in many countries, especially for nurse candidates to experience the effects of Reiki on reducing stress and anxiety. In the literature, it is emphasized that uncontrollable test anxiety can also affect the academic success of students. For this reason, it is thought that Reiki, whose effectiveness in coping with stress and anxiety has been demonstrated by various studies, may be effective in coping with exam anxiety of nursing students. A study investigating the effect of Reiki on reducing students' anxiety could not be found in the literature. In this context, it will be the first study to examine the effect of Reiki on reducing anxiety in nursing students.
This randomized controlled prospective study was conducted with first-year nursing students between 10-19 June 2022. The data of the study was collected using "Personal Information Form I-II (PIF)" and "State Test Anxiety Scale (STAS)" via online form. Also, the final exam notes were used for assessing the success of the students, the final exam averages were used.
PIF-I and STAS were applied to the students who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in the study between 10-13 June 2022. Patients were randomized 1:1 into groups by a single therapist according to the block randomization method. There were two arms in the study; Reiki treatment (n=36) and control group (n=35). A second or third-degree Reiki practitioner applied distant Reiki to the students for 20 minutes for four consecutive days (14-17 June 2022) in the Reiki treatment group. In the control group, nothing was done. At 19 June 2022, PIF- II and STAS were applied to all patients.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Reiki group | Experimental | Other: ReikiPIF-I and STAS were administered to the Reiki group through an online questionnaire. After the pretests of the students were completed, between 14-17 June 2022, the distant reiki application was made under the guidance of a researcher with a Usui Reiki Master \&Teacher degree and by the researchers with Reiki -II or Reiki-III degrees. The application was carried out for 20 minutes on four consecutive days. Before the final exams (19 June 2022), the posttests (PIF-II and STAS) were applied to the students through an online questionnaire. |
| Control Group | No intervention | –PIF-I and STAS were administered to the control group through an online questionnaire. Then before the final exams on 19 June 2022, the posttests (PIF-II and STAS) were applied to the students through an online questionnaire. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Not having a diagnosed current anxiety disorder or any psychiatric problem,
- Not having a current acute or chronic health problem,
- Willingness to participate in Reiki practice,
- Not having received body-mind therapy (yoga, reiki, meditation, etc.) in the last six months
Key exclusion criteria (5 listed)
- Those who were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder or a psychiatric illness during the data collection process and need treatment,
- Being Reiki practitioners or trainers,
- Those who refuse to answer the Reiki application and data collection tools,
- Those who want to leave the research while the research is continuing,
- Those who had previously received energy therapies such as Reiki/therapeutic ouch/healing touch and those who used other complementary health practices were not included in the study.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| ReikiReiki is based on the belief that disease occurs when an energy center is blocked, and that the energy is transmitted through touch. In distant Reiki, Reiki practitioners followed the traditional Usui Reiki protocol for distant healing. Reiki practitioners first undertake the name of students and then send the healing energy to the students. | Other | Reiki group |
Primary outcome
Personal Information Form-I
Time frame: Baseline.
There are 16 questions to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the students (age, gender, marital status, educational status of parents, etc.).
Change from State Test Anxiety Scale
Time frame: Baseline, 1 day before the exam.
The scale measured the state test anxiety level of the students. Within the scope of the study, the scale was repeated before the final exams on 19 June 2022. While the minimum score that can be obtained from State Test Anxiety Scale is 22, the maximum score is 88. An increase in the score obtained from the scale means an increase in the level of anxiety.
Personal Information Form-II
Time frame: 1 day before the exam.
It was made as a post-test, and it includes 6 questions that question the characteristics of students regarding sleep, tea-coffee-cigarette consumption during the exam period.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Sep 2022.
- Background: PubMed 26850046Hamaideh SH, Al-Omari H, Al-Modallal H. Nursing students' perceived stress and coping behaviors in clinical training in Saudi Arabia. J Ment Health. 2017 Jun;26(3):197-203. doi: 10.3109/09638237.2016.1139067. Epub 2016 Feb 5.
- Background: PubMed 35435859Bektas Akpinar N, Ozcan Yuce U, Yurtsever S. The Effect of Distant Reiki on the Stress and Fatigue Levels of Nurses Working in COVID-19 Clinics: A Randomized-Controlled, Single-Blind Study. Holist Nurs Pract. 2024 Mar-Apr 01;38(2):102-108. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000519. Epub 2022 Apr 7.
- Background: PubMed 23566461Chen YW, Hung CH. Predictors of Taiwanese baccalaureate nursing students' physio-psycho-social responses during clinical practicum. Nurse Educ Today. 2014 Jan;34(1):73-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2013.02.021. Epub 2013 Apr 6.
- Background: PubMed 27863599Torabizadeh C, Bostani S, Yektatalab S. Comparison between the effects of muscle relaxation and support groups on the anxiety of nursing students: A randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2016 Nov;25:106-113. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2016.09.001. Epub 2016 Sep 7.
- Background: PubMed 20699431Cuneo CL, Curtis Cooper MR, Drew CS, Naoum-Heffernan C, Sherman T, Walz K, Weinberg J. The effect of Reiki on work-related stress of the registered nurse. J Holist Nurs. 2011 Mar;29(1):33-43. doi: 10.1177/0898010110377294. Epub 2010 Aug 10.
- Background: PubMed 21821642Diaz-Rodriguez L, Arroyo-Morales M, Fernandez-de-las-Penas C, Garcia-Lafuente F, Garcia-Royo C, Tomas-Rojas I. Immediate effects of reiki on heart rate variability, cortisol levels, and body temperature in health care professionals with burnout. Biol Res Nurs. 2011 Oct;13(4):376-82. doi: 10.1177/1099800410389166. Epub 2011 Aug 5.
- Background: PubMed 33516979Asturias N, Andrew S, Boardman G, Kerr D. The influence of socio-demographic factors on stress and coping strategies among undergraduate nursing students. Nurse Educ Today. 2021 Apr;99:104780. doi: 10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104780. Epub 2021 Jan 20.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Nursemin Ünal principal investigator
Ankara Medipol University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Reiki in people with Anxiety and Exam Stress, run by Ankara Medipol University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Sep 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Personal Information Form-I (time frame: Baseline.). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05539820, which also lists 7 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Sep 2022.