Pain, PostoperativePhase 4NCT05608070
IV Oxytocin for Post Operative Pain After Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy
A Phase 4 study testing Oxytocin in people with Pain, Postoperative and Analgesia, run by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
Trial summary
This double-blinded, placebo-control trial clinical trial aims to investigate the effect of IV oxytocin infusion on peri-operative opioid consumption following a minimally invasive hysterectomy under general anesthesia. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 65 years, women only
- Conditions the study is for
- Pain, Postoperative, Analgesia, Postoperative Pain
- What is being tested?
- Oxytocin
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 0 participants
- Where
- No sites listed yet
- Study dates
- 1 Jun 2023to Jun 2025
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 65 years
- Women only
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Women the age of 18-65 years old undergoing elective, minimally invasive hysterectomy under general anesthesia
Who cannot join
- American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Physical Status Classification System Score of 4 or greater
- Additional surgical components including but not limited to: minor laparotomy, omentectomy, cystectomy, and lymph node dissection.
- Allergies to any study medication: acetaminophen, ketorolac, hydromorphone, oxycodone, fentanyl, gabapentin, pregabalin.
- Epidural/Regional anesthesia used for intra-operative or post-operative pain.
About this study
Official title: Intravenous Oxytocin for Post Operative Pain After Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
This double-blinded, placebo-control trial clinical trial aims to investigate the effect of IV oxytocin infusion on peri-operative opioid consumption following a minimally invasive hysterectomy under general anesthesia. The patient population will be women scheduled for an elective, minimally invasive hysterectomy at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
The investigators hypothesize that, compared to a placebo, exposure to intravenous (IV) oxytocin will reduce the amount of opioid consumption for women after a minimally invasive hysterectomy procedure.
Read the detailed description
- Patients will be recruited for participation in this study while they are in pre-operative holding area before surgery.
- Once the patient is recruited and consented the patient, they will be randomized for either the intervention group (IV oxytocin) or control group (0.9% normal saline).
- In the holding area, a pre-operative pain questionnaire, including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) questionnaire and the Daily Pain Catastrophizing Scale (DPCS), will be performed.
- The STAI-6 is a validated, short 6-question form to assess anxiety. It is one of the most frequently used measures of anxiety in applied psychology research and has been used to assess anxiety in perioperative patients and to assess the potential of a patient to have higher postoperative pain and opioid requirements and a greater likelihood to use chronic opioids or develop chronic pain.
- The DPCS is a validated, short questionnaire to assess measure of catastrophizing in the context of actual or anticipated pain. Similar to the STAI-6, it has been shown to predict patients who experience higher postoperative pain and opioid requirements and those with a greater likelihood of using chronic opioids or developing chronic pain.
- Both groups (intervention and control) will be treated pre-operatively with acetaminophen 1000 mg and gabapentin 300 mg orally.
- The Investigational Research Pharmacy will be informed and prepare medication or placebo.
- The primary anesthesiology team receive either the study medication or placebo in 500 ml bag of labeled as "Oxytocin Study Drug for IV infusion".
- A recommended "Intra-Operative Analgesia Management" algorithm will be given to the primary anesthetic team. The recommended algorithm for intra-operative analgesia management will include the following recommendation:
- Fentanyl 100 mcg IV for induction.
- Dexamethasone 8 mg IV after induction but prior to incision.
- Small, titrated doses of Hydromorphone IV boluses (0.2-0.4 mg) during the operation and before emergence according to primary team judgment.
- Ketorolac 30 mg IV at skin closure unless otherwise contraindicated.
- The infusion will be started intra-operative once the uterus is removed and will continue to run until completion of the medication or discharge from PACU criteria are met, whichever occurs first.
- Other aspects of each patient's routine clinical care will continue as per the attending physician under whom the patient is admitted, regardless of treatment arm status.
- The intervention group will be treated with oxytocin 30 IU in 500 ml IV at a rate of 5 IU/h (83.33 ml/h). The control group will be given IV 0.9% saline infusion at the same rate of 83.3 ml/h. The primary care team (anesthesia, surgery and nurses), research team and the patient will all be blinded for the treatment.
- In the PACU, a brief postoperative pain questionnaire will be done, including the Surgical Pain Scales (SPS).
- The SPS is a validated scale that consists of 4 items that measure pain at rest, during normal activities, during work/exercise and quantify the unpleasantness of worst pain. This scale has been validated in a number of different types of postoperative pain, including women after gynecologic surgery.
- Vital signs, NRS pain scores and opioid consumption at PACU will be collected from the patient's medical record.
- Patients whose surgery was converted to open, EBL >500 ml or any other surgical complication that necessitates a hospitalization will be excluded from the trial.
- For secondary outcomes, including total opioid consumption in 24, 48, and 72 hours and pain scores at POD1, 2, and 3, an online survey will be done at POD1, 2, and 3. For patients who do not complete the survey, a phone call from a study staff member will be performed to complete all questions not completed with the online form.
- Being tested
- Oxytocin, Placebo
- Keywords
- Postoperative pain, Oxytocin, Non-opioid analgesia, Multimodal analgesia, Female, Humans
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Postoperative, Agnosia
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
OxytocinDrug
Also called Pitocin
Oxytocin 30 IU in 500 ml IV at a rate of 5 IU/h (83.33 ml/h). The infusion will be started intra-operative once the uterus is removed and will continue to run until completion of the medication or discharge from PACU criteria are met, whichever occurs first.
PlaceboDrug
Also called 0.9% NaCl, Saline
0.9% saline infusion at the rate of 83.3 ml/h.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| IV Oxytocin | Experimental | Not described Receives: Drug: Oxytocin |
| Placebo- NaCl 0.9% | Placebo comparator | Not described Receives: Drug: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Total opioids consumption
Average Opioid Oral Morphine Milligram Equivalent (MME) during intra-operative and post-operative period
Measured: 3 days
Secondary outcomes (5)
Post Operative Pain scores
11-point (0-10) pain scores on Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) in Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU), Post-Operative Day (POD) 0 and POD1.
Measured: 2 days
Anxiety score
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6)
Measured: 3 days
Quality of Recovery Score
Postoperative Quality of Recovery Score (QoR-15)
Measured: 3 days
Catastrophizing Scale
Daily Pain Catastrophizing Scale (DPCS)
Measured: 3 days
Patient-rated Satisfaction
11-point (0-10) patient satisfaction scores on Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) in PACU and POD0
Measured: 1 day
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted8 Nov 2022
- Study start1 Jun 2023
- Primary completionJun 2024 (estimated)
- Study completionJun 2025 (estimated)
Why it stopped: Sponsor declined to fund
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (10)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Pain, PostoperativeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Lauren Peter, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
- Investigators
- John J. Kowalczyk, MD, Principal investigator, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterShiri Savir, MD MPH, Study director, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05608070
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2022P000895
- Status last verified
- Aug 2023
- First submitted
- 1 Nov 2022
- Last updated
- 14 Aug 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Soffin EM, Lee BH, Kumar KK, Wu CL. The prescription opioid crisis: role of the anaesthesiologist in reducing opioid use and misuse. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Jun;122(6):e198-e208. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.11.019. Epub 2018 Dec 28.
PubMed 30915988Brummett CM, Waljee JF, Goesling J, Moser S, Lin P, Englesbe MJ, Bohnert ASB, Kheterpal S, Nallamothu BK. New Persistent Opioid Use After Minor and Major Surgical Procedures in US Adults. JAMA Surg. 2017 Jun 21;152(6):e170504. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0504. Epub 2017 Jun 21.
PubMed 28403427Bae S, Alboog A, Esquivel KS, Abbasi A, Zhou J, Chui J. Efficacy of perioperative pharmacological and regional pain interventions in adult spine surgery: a network meta-analysis and systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Anaesth. 2022 Jan;128(1):98-117. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.034. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
PubMed 34774296Lundeberg T, Uvnas-Moberg K, Agren G, Bruzelius G. Anti-nociceptive effects of oxytocin in rats and mice. Neurosci Lett. 1994 Mar 28;170(1):153-7. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90262-3.
PubMed 8041495Biurrun Manresa JA, Schliessbach J, Vuilleumier PH, Muller M, Musshoff F, Stamer U, Stuber F, Arendt-Nielsen L, Curatolo M. Anti-nociceptive effects of oxytocin receptor modulation in healthy volunteers-A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Pain. 2021 Sep;25(8):1723-1738. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1781. Epub 2021 May 3.
PubMed 33884702Gimpl G, Fahrenholz F. The oxytocin receptor system: structure, function, and regulation. Physiol Rev. 2001 Apr;81(2):629-83. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.629.
PubMed 11274341Baribeau DA, Anagnostou E. Oxytocin and vasopressin: linking pituitary neuropeptides and their receptors to social neurocircuits. Front Neurosci. 2015 Sep 24;9:335. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00335. eCollection 2015.
PubMed 26441508Miranda-Cardenas Y, Rojas-Piloni G, Martinez-Lorenzana G, Rodriguez-Jimenez J, Lopez-Hidalgo M, Freund-Mercier MJ, Condes-Lara M. Oxytocin and electrical stimulation of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus produce antinociceptive effects that are reversed by an oxytocin antagonist. Pain. 2006 May;122(1-2):182-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.029. Epub 2006 Mar 9.
PubMed 16527400Madrazo I, Franco-Bourland RE, Leon-Meza VM, Mena I. Intraventricular somatostatin-14, arginine vasopressin, and oxytocin: analgesic effect in a patient with intractable cancer pain. Appl Neurophysiol. 1987;50(1-6):427-31. doi: 10.1159/000100753.
PubMed 2897190Yang J. Intrathecal administration of oxytocin induces analgesia in low back pain involving the endogenous opiate peptide system. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994 Apr 15;19(8):867-71. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199404150-00001.
PubMed 8009342
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 14 Aug 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Intravenous Oxytocin for Post Operative Pain After Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05608070
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2022P000895
- Keywords
- Postoperative pain, Oxytocin, Non-opioid analgesia, Multimodal analgesia, Female, Humans
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- WithdrawnReason stopped: Sponsor declined to fund
- Enrolment
- 0 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Jun 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Jun 2024 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jun 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 8 Nov 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This double-blinded, placebo-control trial clinical trial aims to investigate the effect of IV oxytocin infusion on peri-operative opioid consumption following a minimally invasive hysterectomy under general anesthesia. The patient population will be women scheduled for an elective, minimally invasive hysterectomy at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
The investigators hypothesize that, compared to a placebo, exposure to intravenous (IV) oxytocin will reduce the amount of opioid consumption for women after a minimally invasive hysterectomy procedure.
Detailed description
- Patients will be recruited for participation in this study while they are in pre-operative holding area before surgery.
- Once the patient is recruited and consented the patient, they will be randomized for either the intervention group (IV oxytocin) or control group (0.9% normal saline).
- In the holding area, a pre-operative pain questionnaire, including the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) questionnaire and the Daily Pain Catastrophizing Scale (DPCS), will be performed.
- The STAI-6 is a validated, short 6-question form to assess anxiety. It is one of the most frequently used measures of anxiety in applied psychology research and has been used to assess anxiety in perioperative patients and to assess the potential of a patient to have higher postoperative pain and opioid requirements and a greater likelihood to use chronic opioids or develop chronic pain.
- The DPCS is a validated, short questionnaire to assess measure of catastrophizing in the context of actual or anticipated pain. Similar to the STAI-6, it has been shown to predict patients who experience higher postoperative pain and opioid requirements and those with a greater likelihood of using chronic opioids or developing chronic pain.
- Both groups (intervention and control) will be treated pre-operatively with acetaminophen 1000 mg and gabapentin 300 mg orally.
- The Investigational Research Pharmacy will be informed and prepare medication or placebo.
- The primary anesthesiology team receive either the study medication or placebo in 500 ml bag of labeled as "Oxytocin Study Drug for IV infusion".
- A recommended "Intra-Operative Analgesia Management" algorithm will be given to the primary anesthetic team. The recommended algorithm for intra-operative analgesia management will include the following recommendation:
- Fentanyl 100 mcg IV for induction.
- Dexamethasone 8 mg IV after induction but prior to incision.
- Small, titrated doses of Hydromorphone IV boluses (0.2-0.4 mg) during the operation and before emergence according to primary team judgment.
- Ketorolac 30 mg IV at skin closure unless otherwise contraindicated.
- The infusion will be started intra-operative once the uterus is removed and will continue to run until completion of the medication or discharge from PACU criteria are met, whichever occurs first.
- Other aspects of each patient's routine clinical care will continue as per the attending physician under whom the patient is admitted, regardless of treatment arm status.
- The intervention group will be treated with oxytocin 30 IU in 500 ml IV at a rate of 5 IU/h (83.33 ml/h). The control group will be given IV 0.9% saline infusion at the same rate of 83.3 ml/h. The primary care team (anesthesia, surgery and nurses), research team and the patient will all be blinded for the treatment.
- In the PACU, a brief postoperative pain questionnaire will be done, including the Surgical Pain Scales (SPS).
- The SPS is a validated scale that consists of 4 items that measure pain at rest, during normal activities, during work/exercise and quantify the unpleasantness of worst pain. This scale has been validated in a number of different types of postoperative pain, including women after gynecologic surgery.
- Vital signs, NRS pain scores and opioid consumption at PACU will be collected from the patient's medical record.
- Patients whose surgery was converted to open, EBL >500 ml or any other surgical complication that necessitates a hospitalization will be excluded from the trial.
- For secondary outcomes, including total opioid consumption in 24, 48, and 72 hours and pain scores at POD1, 2, and 3, an online survey will be done at POD1, 2, and 3. For patients who do not complete the survey, a phone call from a study staff member will be performed to complete all questions not completed with the online form.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| IV Oxytocin | Experimental | Drug: Oxytocin |
| Placebo- NaCl 0.9% | Placebo comparator | Drug: Placebo |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 65 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Women the age of 18-65 years old undergoing elective, minimally invasive hysterectomy under general anesthesia
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) Physical Status Classification System Score of 4 or greater
- Additional surgical components including but not limited to: minor laparotomy, omentectomy, cystectomy, and lymph node dissection.
- Allergies to any study medication: acetaminophen, ketorolac, hydromorphone, oxycodone, fentanyl, gabapentin, pregabalin.
- Epidural/Regional anesthesia used for intra-operative or post-operative pain.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| OxytocinAlso: PitocinOxytocin 30 IU in 500 ml IV at a rate of 5 IU/h (83.33 ml/h). The infusion will be started intra-operative once the uterus is removed and will continue to run until completion of the medication or discharge from PACU criteria are met, whichever occurs first. | Drug | IV Oxytocin |
| PlaceboAlso: 0.9% NaCl, Saline0.9% saline infusion at the rate of 83.3 ml/h. | Drug | Placebo- NaCl 0.9% |
Primary outcome
Total opioids consumption
Time frame: 3 days
Average Opioid Oral Morphine Milligram Equivalent (MME) during intra-operative and post-operative period
5 secondary outcomes
Post Operative Pain scores
Time frame: 2 days
Anxiety score
Time frame: 3 days
Quality of Recovery Score
Time frame: 3 days
Catastrophizing Scale
Time frame: 3 days
Patient-rated Satisfaction
Time frame: 1 day
Results and safety
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 14 Aug 2023.
- Background: PubMed 30915988Soffin EM, Lee BH, Kumar KK, Wu CL. The prescription opioid crisis: role of the anaesthesiologist in reducing opioid use and misuse. Br J Anaesth. 2019 Jun;122(6):e198-e208. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.11.019. Epub 2018 Dec 28.
- Background: PubMed 28403427Brummett CM, Waljee JF, Goesling J, Moser S, Lin P, Englesbe MJ, Bohnert ASB, Kheterpal S, Nallamothu BK. New Persistent Opioid Use After Minor and Major Surgical Procedures in US Adults. JAMA Surg. 2017 Jun 21;152(6):e170504. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.0504. Epub 2017 Jun 21.
- Background: PubMed 34774296Bae S, Alboog A, Esquivel KS, Abbasi A, Zhou J, Chui J. Efficacy of perioperative pharmacological and regional pain interventions in adult spine surgery: a network meta-analysis and systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Anaesth. 2022 Jan;128(1):98-117. doi: 10.1016/j.bja.2021.08.034. Epub 2021 Nov 10.
- Background: PubMed 8041495Lundeberg T, Uvnas-Moberg K, Agren G, Bruzelius G. Anti-nociceptive effects of oxytocin in rats and mice. Neurosci Lett. 1994 Mar 28;170(1):153-7. doi: 10.1016/0304-3940(94)90262-3.
- Background: PubMed 33884702Biurrun Manresa JA, Schliessbach J, Vuilleumier PH, Muller M, Musshoff F, Stamer U, Stuber F, Arendt-Nielsen L, Curatolo M. Anti-nociceptive effects of oxytocin receptor modulation in healthy volunteers-A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. Eur J Pain. 2021 Sep;25(8):1723-1738. doi: 10.1002/ejp.1781. Epub 2021 May 3.
- Background: PubMed 11274341Gimpl G, Fahrenholz F. The oxytocin receptor system: structure, function, and regulation. Physiol Rev. 2001 Apr;81(2):629-83. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.2.629.
- Background: PubMed 26441508Baribeau DA, Anagnostou E. Oxytocin and vasopressin: linking pituitary neuropeptides and their receptors to social neurocircuits. Front Neurosci. 2015 Sep 24;9:335. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00335. eCollection 2015.
- Background: PubMed 16527400Miranda-Cardenas Y, Rojas-Piloni G, Martinez-Lorenzana G, Rodriguez-Jimenez J, Lopez-Hidalgo M, Freund-Mercier MJ, Condes-Lara M. Oxytocin and electrical stimulation of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus produce antinociceptive effects that are reversed by an oxytocin antagonist. Pain. 2006 May;122(1-2):182-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2006.01.029. Epub 2006 Mar 9.
- Background: PubMed 2897190Madrazo I, Franco-Bourland RE, Leon-Meza VM, Mena I. Intraventricular somatostatin-14, arginine vasopressin, and oxytocin: analgesic effect in a patient with intractable cancer pain. Appl Neurophysiol. 1987;50(1-6):427-31. doi: 10.1159/000100753.
- Background: PubMed 8009342Yang J. Intrathecal administration of oxytocin induces analgesia in low back pain involving the endogenous opiate peptide system. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994 Apr 15;19(8):867-71. doi: 10.1097/00007632-199404150-00001.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
John J. Kowalczyk, MD principal investigator
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Shiri Savir, MD MPH study director
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Oxytocin in people with Pain, Postoperative and Analgesia, run by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: withdrawn, as of the sponsor's last update on 14 Aug 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study was withdrawn before enrolling participants, so there are no results.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Total opioids consumption (time frame: 3 days). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05608070, which also lists 10 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 14 Aug 2023.