Pilot Study of a Smartphone-Based Vaping Cessation Program

Participant self report. Difficulty staying quit (DTQ), scale 1-10, higher values indicate greater difficulty staying quit (vape free).

Participant self report. Confidence levels or expected success in quitting (STQ), scale 1-10, higher values indicate greater confidence/greater expected success in quitting.

Desire to quit vaping defined as a participant self-report of "yes" to "Would you like to completely stop vaping/using e-cigarettes?". Answer options include "yes" and "no".

7-day point-prevalence abstinence (PPA) is defined as a participant self-report of no vaping in the past 7 days.

Defined as a self-report of 7-day (or greater) ppa at 12 weeks, self-report of 30-day ppa at 26 weeks, and no. more than 5 vaping sessions since 12 weeks.

Defined as a self-reported continuous abstinence at 26 weeks and self-report of 30-day ppa at 52 weeks.

Defined as a self-report of continuous abstinence at 26 weeks, a self-report of 30-day ppa at 52 weeks, and no more than 5 vaping sessions since 26 weeks.

Tobacco product use is self-reported. Participants are asked about the following products: cigars, cigarillos, little filtered cigars, a regular pipe, cigarettes, hookah or water pipe, smokeless tobacco, chew, and snuff

Number of vape session per day (VSPD) are self-reported

Number of vape session per day (VSPD) are self-reported

Vape juice / e-liquid consumption volume is self-reported in mL/day or mL/week

Vape juice / e-liquid consumption volume is self-reported in mL/day or mL/week

Nicotine concentration is self-reported in mg/mL

Amount of vaping is quantified as volume/day (mL/day) x concentration of nicotine (mg/mL)

Defined as participant answering ≥1 to the following question: "Since you began the study, how many times have you tried to quit vaping where you've gone at least 1 day without vaping, even a single puff?"

Assessed via the Penn State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index, 10 items. Possible scores on the index range from 0-20. Scores from 0-3 indicate no dependence, 4-8 low dependence, 9-12 medium dependence, 13+ high dependence

Specifically regarding set-up and getting started with the program. Participants asked: "How easy or difficult was it to set-up and get started in the Pivot program?". Answered on a range from 1-10; 1 = Very difficult, and 10 = Very easy. A higher score indicates greater ease of program set-up and getting started.

Specifically regarding likelihood to recommend to a friend, Net Promoter Score (NPS). Participants asked: "How likely are you to recommend your study program to a friend or colleague?". Answered on a range from 1-10; 1 = Not at all likely, and 10 = Very likely. A higher score indicates greater user satisfaction and promotion of the program.

Specifically regarding whether the program was useful in helping participants quit vaping. Participants are asked: "Which of the following best describes the Pivot program's ability to help someone quit vaping?". Answer choices include the following: "The program is extremely helpful to quitting vaping"; "The program is helpful to quitting vaping"; "The program does not affect being able to quit vaping"; and "The program makes quitting vaping harder".

Collected via back-end app data collection. Engagement is specifically assessed with number of times the Pivot app was opened (number of app openings), number of days the app was opened, and the number of weeks the app was opened.

Collected via back-end app data collection. Engagement is specifically assessed with the number of days over which the app was opened by participants.

Collected via back-end app data collection. Engagement is specifically assessed with the number of weeks over which the app was opened by participants.

Collected via back-end app data collection. Engagement is specifically assessed with the average duration of app sessions completed by participants. Outcome unit of measure = duration in minutes.

Collected via back-end app data collection. Engagement is specifically assessed with the use of app features (practice quits, challenges, logging vape sessions) by participants. Reported as the number of times each app feature was used.

Collected via back-end app data collection. Engagement is specifically assessed with average number of messages sent by coach to participant per week and average number of messages sent by participant to coach per week.

Collected via back-end app data collection. Specifically, the average number of weeks with at least one message sent from participant to coach.

Participant health is assessed with the following: "Would you say that in general your health is... Select one" And the following choices: "Excellent", "Very good", "Good", "Fair", and "Poor"

Assessed via self-report. Participants are asked about other vaping cessation tools they have used throughout the last 6 months. Tools asked about include: apps (other than Pivot), counseling, medications, acupuncture, hypnotherapy, etc. Participants can report other tools not included in the list provided. Outcome reported as the number of participants who have used each other vaping cessation tool.

Assessed via the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Concise (AUDIT-C) screening questionnaire, 3 items. A score is calculated from a sum of the 3 items. Possible scores on the scale range from 0-12. A score of 0 indicates no alcohol use. Higher scores indicate greater alcohol use behavior, a worse outcome.

Assessed via the Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) screening questionnaire, 10 items. A score is calculated from a sum of the 10 items. Possible scores on the scale range from 0-30. Higher scores indicate greater severity of depressive symptoms, a worse outcome.

Assessed via participant self-report of living with other adults who vape and/or smoke, living with a romantic partner who vapes and/or smokes. Participants asked: "Of the adults you live with, how many smoke cigarettes?" and "Of the adults you live with, how many vape/use e-cigs?". Outcome unit of measure = number of adults.

Assessed via participant self-report of living with a romantic partner who vapes and/or smokes. Participants asked: "Do you live with a romantic partner who smokes cigarettes?" (yes/no) and "Do you live with a romantic partner who vapes/uses e-cigs?" (yes/no). Outcomes measure reported as number of participants who live with a romantic partner that smokes, and number that live with a romantic partner that vapes (participants that answer yes to these questions).

Assessed via participant self-report of the number of their close friends who vape and/or smoke. Participants asked: "How many of your close friends smoke cigarettes?" and "How many of your close friends vape/use e-cigs?". Outcome unit of measure = number of close friends.