Physical InactivityNCT05657509
Effects of Functional Training on Field Hockey Players Physical Fitness, Hockey Skills and Functional Movement
A study testing Functional training in people with Physical Inactivity, run by Universiti Putra Malaysia at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
Functional training is an exercise modality that emphasizes functional, multi-joint movements that can be modified to any fitness level and elicit greater muscle recruitment. This training refers to an exercise program that is characterized by relatively short bursts of vigorous activity, interspersed by periods of… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 19 to 23 years, men onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Physical Inactivity
- What is being tested?
- Functional training
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 46 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 2 Jan 2023to 28 Mar 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 19 to 23 years
- Men only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- The population must be elite male hockey players between the ages of 19 to 23
- Able to perform all tests and be Physically active (no previous experience performing functional training)
- Only players who understand the study purposes and procedures and can complete this training requirement can be included in the research data
Who cannot join
- Female field hockey players should be excluded from this study
- On medication that may affect body composition and muscles activity
- Presently engaged in regular functional training programs
- Players who are consistently late or absent from training sessions will eventually be excluded
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Functional Training on Physical Fitness, Hockey Skills and Functional Movement Among Elite Male Field Hockey Players in Pakistan
Functional training is an exercise modality that emphasizes functional, multi-joint movements that can be modified to any fitness level and elicit greater muscle recruitment. This training refers to an exercise program that is characterized by relatively short bursts of vigorous activity, interspersed by periods of rest or low-intensity exercise for recovery. Even though this type of training has been used among athletes since the later part of the 20th century, it recently has gained momentum among fitness enthusiasts and has been identified as a "Top 10 Fitness Trend" in 2018. However, recent work shows that the magnitude of these effects on body structures and functions may be rather modest in nature with potentially differing directions. Furthermore, players' ability to create actions at a very fast pace has a significant impact on the course and result of the game. Finally, to evaluate that functional training can improve male field hockey players' physical fitness, hockey skill and functional movements.
Read the detailed description
This study included two groups, namely the control and functional training groups. The sample is 19-23-year-old Pakistani elite male hockey players who do not do functional training exercises. Based on the literature review, the training frequency of this experiment was arranged three (3) times/week, the total training duration will be 12 weeks, and the time of each training session will be changed over two weeks. The 12 weeks of exercise last 60 minutes, excluding 10-minute warm-up and a 10-minute cool-down. Training intensity ranges from 60 to 95%. Teach all sports techniques before the intervention. In contrast, the control group discussed with their coaches and will continue the 12-week traditional type of regular exercise.
Content of Experimental Group: Week 1-2: Introduces the classification of Functional training, starting from the plank and movement exercises; Week 3-4: exercises to improve physical fitness lateral bridging with alternating leg, flexion and leg extension exercises ; 5-6 Week : Reviewed the basic hockey skills, introduced the exercises, high knee run drill, two-foot lateral hops in and out basic step, One lower limb up and side plank, Incline push-ups, Lateral pull-up, feet on Swissball, Straddle squat hops; 7-8 Week: Learn the exercises, jumping jack variations drill, diamond push up, medicine ball rebound lateral toss, prone press up wall sit bilateral reach, icky Shuffle, Crunches; 9-10 Week: Review the lateral bridging with hip abduction (90 knee angle), cross limbs up and one leg up side plank, active leg lowering to bolster, Prone kneeling, Double step icky shuffle, 5-10-5 cone agility drills; 11-12 Week: Review physical fitness, hockey skills and functional movement screening, exercises with medicine ball curl up chest, lateral hope explosive medicine ball, One arm push-up with Swiss ball, clapping push-ups, standing pull ups, Squats chops, 5-10-5 cone agility drills.
- Conditions
- Physical Inactivity
- Being tested
- Functional training, No intervention
- Keywords
- Physical fitness components, Hockey skills, Functional movement screen
- Medical subject headings
- Sedentary Behavior
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Functional trainingOther
Functional training Length: 12 weeks; Training duration: 60 minutes; Intensity: 60 to 95%; 3 days per week. The intensity of the training is increasing in the first 20 minutes, and the intensity is gradually decreasing in the next 5 minutes; Rest: 30 seconds rest between exercises and 1-2 minute rest between sets.
No interventionOther
The Control group continues regular traditional training exercises for 12 weeks with a training duration of 60 minutes and three days per week.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Male field hockey players of Functional training | Experimental | Functional training exercises focus on improving physical fitness and movement skills performance. Functional training targets the neuromuscular system through engagements of muscle groups as well as nerve function to optimize movements. The present study applied functional training to elite male field hockey players to assess fitness level as well as skill performance. Post-test 1 will be after 6 weeks, and post-test 2 after 12 weeks to measure performance. Receives: Other: Functional training |
| Male field hockey players of traditional regular type of training exercises | Active comparator | The traditional training method involves exercises to increase the strength and durability of a certain muscle. Male field hockey players will be continuing their regular traditional type training exercises for 12 weeks. Receives: Other: No intervention |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Speed performance of field hockey players
30-meter sprint test use to monitor the speed of the individual. Previous research demonstrated that the 20m sprint test measurement also has a high reliability.
Measured: 2 weeks
Agility performance of field hockey players
The Illinois Agility measure the participants agility. Then participants sprinted up to the second 10-meter cone, turned around, and made their way back to the finish cone. The best time of two attempts will be recorded. Previous research demonstrated that the Illinois Agility test measurement also has a high reliability value 0.96 (95% CI, 0.85 - 0.98).
Measured: 3 weeks
Flexibility of field hockey players
Flexibility will be assessed through Sit and Reach test. The maximal reach distance will record in centimeters for all 3 trials. The purpose of this test is to assess the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring. Previous research showed the intra-class correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability for the sit and reach test was 0.93.
Measured: 4 weeks
Muscular strength of field hockey players
Muscular strength will be assessed through 1RM test. According to the previous studies test-retest ICCs ranged from 0.64 to 0.99 (median ICC = 0.97), where 92% of ICCs were ≥ 0.90, and 97% of ICCs were ≥ 0.80. It can be concluded that the 1RM test generally has good to excellent test-retest reliability, part of the body assessed (upper vs. lower body) of participants.
Measured: 6 weeks
Functional movement screen of field hockey players
Functional movement screen using the standard 0-3 ordinal system. A score of 3 will be given for performing the specific movement perfectly, a 2 given when the movement complete with some compensatory movements observe, a score of 1 given when the subject could not complete the movement, and a score of 0 associate with pain being present during the movement. Functional movement assesses through the FMS Kit.
Measured: 8 weeks
Dribbling skill performance of field hockey players
The slalom sprint and dribble test will be use as the criterion standard for measuring construct validity. Previous research demonstrated that the test-retest reliability (ICC) of the single-task dribble test is 0.78; suggesting that this is a reliable test.
Measured: 10 weeks
Shooting skill performance of field hockey players
Shooting accuracy valuate by placing a hockey ball at five positions in the goal scoring area ("D"). This test will carry out within the goal area. Each player had eight shots executed from five different positions, previously established, in the direction of the goal; four shots were hit from positions 1 to 4, two were pushed from positions 2 and 3, and two flick shots were taken from position 5. Each shot made was given 1 point, and failed shots were given 0, ranging from 0 to 8 points.
Measured: 12 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Dec 2022
- Study start2 Jan 2023
- Primary completion12 Feb 2023
- Study completion28 Mar 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (4)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Physical InactivityStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- In this experiment, the experimental group will continue functional training exercises and the control group will exercise traditional type with coaches' guidelines. Each group has equally male players.
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 46 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Marrium Bashir, Universiti Putra Malaysia
- Investigators
- Marrium Bashir, PhD, Principal investigator, Universiti Putra Malaysia
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05657509
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- GS61096
- Status last verified
- Jul 2024
- First submitted
- 18 Nov 2022
- Last updated
- 5 Jul 2024
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: Since this is my doctoral thesis experiment, I won't share it until I graduate.
Publications
Yildiz S, Pinar S, Gelen E. Effects of 8-Week Functional vs. Traditional Training on Athletic Performance and Functional Movement on Prepubertal Tennis Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Mar;33(3):651-661. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002956.
PubMed 30431536Sander A, Keiner M, Schlumberger A, Wirth K, Schmidtbleicher D. Effects of functional exercises in the warm-up on sprint performances. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Apr;27(4):995-1001. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318260ec5e.
PubMed 22692105Keiner M, Kadlubowski B, Sander A, Hartmann H, Wirth K. Effects of 10 Months of Speed, Functional, and Traditional Strength Training on Strength, Linear Sprint, Change of Direction, and Jump Performance in Trained Adolescent Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Aug 1;36(8):2236-2246. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003807. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
PubMed 32868678Baron J, Bieniec A, Swinarew AS, Gabrys T, Stanula A. Effect of 12-Week Functional Training Intervention on the Speed of Young Footballers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 24;17(1):160. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010160.
PubMed 31878326
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Jul 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Functional Training on Physical Fitness, Hockey Skills and Functional Movement Among Elite Male Field Hockey Players in Pakistan
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05657509
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- GS61096
- Conditions
- Physical Inactivity
- Keywords
- Physical fitness components, Hockey skills, Functional movement screen
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 46 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Universiti Putra MalaysiaUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Jan 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 12 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 28 Mar 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Functional training is an exercise modality that emphasizes functional, multi-joint movements that can be modified to any fitness level and elicit greater muscle recruitment. This training refers to an exercise program that is characterized by relatively short bursts of vigorous activity, interspersed by periods of rest or low-intensity exercise for recovery. Even though this type of training has been used among athletes since the later part of the 20th century, it recently has gained momentum among fitness enthusiasts and has been identified as a "Top 10 Fitness Trend" in 2018. However, recent work shows that the magnitude of these effects on body structures and functions may be rather modest in nature with potentially differing directions. Furthermore, players' ability to create actions at a very fast pace has a significant impact on the course and result of the game. Finally, to evaluate that functional training can improve male field hockey players' physical fitness, hockey skill and functional movements.
Detailed description
This study included two groups, namely the control and functional training groups. The sample is 19-23-year-old Pakistani elite male hockey players who do not do functional training exercises. Based on the literature review, the training frequency of this experiment was arranged three (3) times/week, the total training duration will be 12 weeks, and the time of each training session will be changed over two weeks. The 12 weeks of exercise last 60 minutes, excluding 10-minute warm-up and a 10-minute cool-down. Training intensity ranges from 60 to 95%. Teach all sports techniques before the intervention. In contrast, the control group discussed with their coaches and will continue the 12-week traditional type of regular exercise.
Content of Experimental Group: Week 1-2: Introduces the classification of Functional training, starting from the plank and movement exercises; Week 3-4: exercises to improve physical fitness lateral bridging with alternating leg, flexion and leg extension exercises ; 5-6 Week : Reviewed the basic hockey skills, introduced the exercises, high knee run drill, two-foot lateral hops in and out basic step, One lower limb up and side plank, Incline push-ups, Lateral pull-up, feet on Swissball, Straddle squat hops; 7-8 Week: Learn the exercises, jumping jack variations drill, diamond push up, medicine ball rebound lateral toss, prone press up wall sit bilateral reach, icky Shuffle, Crunches; 9-10 Week: Review the lateral bridging with hip abduction (90 knee angle), cross limbs up and one leg up side plank, active leg lowering to bolster, Prone kneeling, Double step icky shuffle, 5-10-5 cone agility drills; 11-12 Week: Review physical fitness, hockey skills and functional movement screening, exercises with medicine ball curl up chest, lateral hope explosive medicine ball, One arm push-up with Swiss ball, clapping push-ups, standing pull ups, Squats chops, 5-10-5 cone agility drills.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Basic science
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- In this experiment, the experimental group will continue functional training exercises and the control group will exercise traditional type with coaches' guidelines. Each group has equally male players.
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Male field hockey players of Functional training | Experimental | Other: Functional trainingFunctional training exercises focus on improving physical fitness and movement skills performance. Functional training targets the neuromuscular system through engagements of muscle groups as well as nerve function to optimize movements. The present study applied functional training to elite male field hockey players to assess fitness level as well as skill performance. Post-test 1 will be after 6 weeks, and post-test 2 after 12 weeks to measure performance. |
| Male field hockey players of traditional regular type of training exercises | Active comparator | Other: No interventionThe traditional training method involves exercises to increase the strength and durability of a certain muscle. Male field hockey players will be continuing their regular traditional type training exercises for 12 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 19 to 23 years
- Sex
- Male only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (3 listed)
- The population must be elite male hockey players between the ages of 19 to 23
- Able to perform all tests and be Physically active (no previous experience performing functional training)
- Only players who understand the study purposes and procedures and can complete this training requirement can be included in the research data
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Female field hockey players should be excluded from this study
- On medication that may affect body composition and muscles activity
- Presently engaged in regular functional training programs
- Players who are consistently late or absent from training sessions will eventually be excluded
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Functional trainingFunctional training Length: 12 weeks; Training duration: 60 minutes; Intensity: 60 to 95%; 3 days per week. The intensity of the training is increasing in the first 20 minutes, and the intensity is gradually decreasing in the next 5 minutes; Rest: 30 seconds rest between exercises and 1-2 minute rest between sets. | Other | Male field hockey players of Functional training |
| No interventionThe Control group continues regular traditional training exercises for 12 weeks with a training duration of 60 minutes and three days per week. | Other | Male field hockey players of traditional regular type of training exercises |
Primary outcome
Speed performance of field hockey players
Time frame: 2 weeks
30-meter sprint test use to monitor the speed of the individual. Previous research demonstrated that the 20m sprint test measurement also has a high reliability.
Agility performance of field hockey players
Time frame: 3 weeks
The Illinois Agility measure the participants agility. Then participants sprinted up to the second 10-meter cone, turned around, and made their way back to the finish cone. The best time of two attempts will be recorded. Previous research demonstrated that the Illinois Agility test measurement also has a high reliability value 0.96 (95% CI, 0.85 - 0.98).
Flexibility of field hockey players
Time frame: 4 weeks
Flexibility will be assessed through Sit and Reach test. The maximal reach distance will record in centimeters for all 3 trials. The purpose of this test is to assess the flexibility of the lower back and hamstring. Previous research showed the intra-class correlation coefficient for test-retest reliability for the sit and reach test was 0.93.
Muscular strength of field hockey players
Time frame: 6 weeks
Muscular strength will be assessed through 1RM test. According to the previous studies test-retest ICCs ranged from 0.64 to 0.99 (median ICC = 0.97), where 92% of ICCs were ≥ 0.90, and 97% of ICCs were ≥ 0.80. It can be concluded that the 1RM test generally has good to excellent test-retest reliability, part of the body assessed (upper vs. lower body) of participants.
Functional movement screen of field hockey players
Time frame: 8 weeks
Functional movement screen using the standard 0-3 ordinal system. A score of 3 will be given for performing the specific movement perfectly, a 2 given when the movement complete with some compensatory movements observe, a score of 1 given when the subject could not complete the movement, and a score of 0 associate with pain being present during the movement. Functional movement assesses through the FMS Kit.
Dribbling skill performance of field hockey players
Time frame: 10 weeks
The slalom sprint and dribble test will be use as the criterion standard for measuring construct validity. Previous research demonstrated that the test-retest reliability (ICC) of the single-task dribble test is 0.78; suggesting that this is a reliable test.
Shooting skill performance of field hockey players
Time frame: 12 weeks
Shooting accuracy valuate by placing a hockey ball at five positions in the goal scoring area ("D"). This test will carry out within the goal area. Each player had eight shots executed from five different positions, previously established, in the direction of the goal; four shots were hit from positions 1 to 4, two were pushed from positions 2 and 3, and two flick shots were taken from position 5. Each shot made was given 1 point, and failed shots were given 0, ranging from 0 to 8 points.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Jul 2024.
- Background: PubMed 30431536Yildiz S, Pinar S, Gelen E. Effects of 8-Week Functional vs. Traditional Training on Athletic Performance and Functional Movement on Prepubertal Tennis Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Mar;33(3):651-661. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002956.
- Background: PubMed 22692105Sander A, Keiner M, Schlumberger A, Wirth K, Schmidtbleicher D. Effects of functional exercises in the warm-up on sprint performances. J Strength Cond Res. 2013 Apr;27(4):995-1001. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318260ec5e.
- Background: PubMed 32868678Keiner M, Kadlubowski B, Sander A, Hartmann H, Wirth K. Effects of 10 Months of Speed, Functional, and Traditional Strength Training on Strength, Linear Sprint, Change of Direction, and Jump Performance in Trained Adolescent Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2022 Aug 1;36(8):2236-2246. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003807. Epub 2020 Aug 27.
- Background: PubMed 31878326Baron J, Bieniec A, Swinarew AS, Gabrys T, Stanula A. Effect of 12-Week Functional Training Intervention on the Speed of Young Footballers. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019 Dec 24;17(1):160. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17010160.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. Since this is my doctoral thesis experiment, I won't share it until I graduate.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Marrium Bashir, PhD principal investigator
Universiti Putra Malaysia
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Functional training in people with Physical Inactivity, run by Universiti Putra Malaysia at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 3 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Jul 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Speed performance of field hockey players (time frame: 2 weeks). The study lists 7 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05657509, which also lists 4 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Jul 2024.