Sub-Ischial Socket for Transfemoral Amputation and Lower Mobility

Temperature sensor measures and records temperature and time at variable intervals. The temperature sensor will be retrofit to the liner worn with the usual socket and installed in the liner worn with the sub-ischial socket so that wear time can be monitored for the entire study duration.

A step counter activity monitor is an ankle-worn, microprocessor-controlled, two-dimensional accelerometer that measures step counts and step rates per unit time.

12-item self-report instrument for measuring mobility of adults with lower limb amputation (i.e., the ability to move intentionally and independently from one place to another). Items are rated on a scale from 1-5, with 1 indicating participants are unable to do the task and 5 indicating that participants can do it without any difficulty. Total raw scores range from 12-60. Raw scores are converted to a T-score using a lookup table, and final scores range from 20.3 to 67.7 on the T-score metric. The higher the total score the better the mobility.

16-item self-report measure where individuals rate their balance confidence in performing various activities without losing balance or experiencing a sensation of unsteadiness. Items are rated on a scale from 0-4, with 0 representing no balance confidence and 4 representing complete balance confidence. Total scores are created by averaging across the 16 items, with total scores ranging from 0 to 4. The higher the total score, the better the balance confidence.

6-item self-report measure where individuals rate severity of residual limb issues such as rashes, sores, or sweating. Items are rated on a scale from 0-10, with 0 indicating that a residual limb problem/issue is very bothersome and 10 indicating that it is not at all bothersome. Total score is created by averaging across the 6 items, with possible scores ranging from 0-10. The higher the total score, the better the residual limb health.

24-item self-report questionnaire used to determine the level of disability due to low-back pain. Items are rated as yes or no, with yes indicating that the responder endorses the statement as describing them today. Total score possible is 0-24, with scores indicative of the number of statements endorsed. The higher the total score, the more disabling the low-back pain.

4-item self-report measure to assess satisfaction with one's usual social roles in life's situations and activities. These roles may exist in marital relationships, parental responsibilities, work responsibilities and social activities. Items are rated on a scale of 1-5 with 1 indicating participants always experienced the issue and 5 being never. Total raw score possible is 4-20. The raw score is converted to a t-score that ranges from 27.5 to 64.2 on the T-score metric. A higher score indicates better ability to participate in social roles.

10-item self-report measure used to assess general domains of health and functioning including overall physical health, mental health, social health, pain, fatigue, and overall perceived quality of life. Nine items are rated on a scale of 1-5 with a variety of response options (e.g., poor to excellent or always to never). The lower the score the worse health across all 9 items. One item is rated on a scale of 0-10 with 0 being no pain and 10 being worst imaginable pain. Four of the 10 items are combined to create a global mental health raw score that ranges from 4 to 20. Similarity, four items are combined to create a global physical health raw score that also ranges from 4 to 20. Raw scores are converted to T-scores and higher scores indicate better mental or physical health. The remaining two items are used individually in analyses and are not included in the overall physical or mental health scores.

4-item self-report measure used to assess depression. Items are rated on a scale of 1-5 with 1 indicating participants have never experienced the issue and 5 being always. Total raw scores range from 4-20 and are converted to T-scores using a lookup table. Final T-scores range from 41.0 to 79.4. A lower score indicates less depressive symptoms.

9-item self-report measure to assess satisfaction with device in persons who use prostheses. Items are rated 1-5 with 1 indicating strongly disagree and 5 indicating strongly agree. Total score possible is 9-45. The higher the score the better the satisfaction with device. The raw scores are converted to Rasch Measures.

11-item self-report measure that assesses the presence of common health conditions. Items are rated as yes or no, with yes indicating participants have the health condition. Total score possible is 0-11. The higher the score, the more comorbid conditions the individual has.

Falls will be self-reported by participants at each assessment time point. Participants will be asked if they have fallen in the past 4 weeks. If the participant indicates that they have fallen, they will ask how many times they have fallen in the past 4 weeks, whether the fall resulted in an injury, and if applicable, type of injury and whether they sought medical attention for the fall.