Glucose Test Site BleedingNCT05668702
Blood Glucose Measurement in Terms Ofg Pain and Result Consistency
A study testing crossover design in people with Glucose Test Site Bleeding, run by Melek Sahin at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Abstract Background: Capillary blood glucose measurement is one of the invasive procedures frequently used in clinics, hospitals and home. Aim: To determine the consistency of pain and results between the palm and fingertip in obtaining blood sample with the intention of monitoring capillary blood glucose. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Glucose Test Site Bleeding
- What is being tested?
- crossover design
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 130 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Aug 2018to 30 Nov 2018
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Individuals with Type 2 diabetes
- who fasted at least 8-12 hours before blood sampling,
- who were 18 years and older,
- volunteered to participate in the study
Who cannot join
- with mental problems,
- communication problems,
- vision problems,
- upper extremity amputations,
- peripheral neuropathy or decreased sensation in their hands,
- the ones in whom blood samples cannot be obtained from the arm veins due to plaster etc.,
- those who could not make the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) correctly
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Turkey (Türkiye)1 site
Fethiye Goverment Hospital
Muğla, Fethiye, 48300
About this study
Official title: A Comparison of Two Regions Used in Capillary Blood Glucose Test in Terms of Pain and Result Consistency
Abstract Background: Capillary blood glucose measurement is one of the invasive procedures frequently used in clinics, hospitals and home.
Aim: To determine the consistency of pain and results between the palm and fingertip in obtaining blood sample with the intention of monitoring capillary blood glucose.
Read more
Design: This study is a crossover design designated. Settings: The research was carried out Diabetes Polyclinic Participants: One hundred thirty Type 2 diabetes patients who went to Diabetes Polyclinic Methods: The research was carried out with 130 Type 2 diabetes patients who went to Diabetes Polyclinic between August and November, 2018. During the data collection, the researcher took venous blood sample in a tube from each patient and according to the list of order determined via randomization scheme formed on the computer, the patients' glucose levels were measured by taking a capillary blood sample from the side of the middle fingertip and palm of the dominant hand with the glucometer. Before the study, the patient's pain assessment at the end of each measurement was carried out by a nurse who was trained by the researcher about the use of Visual Analog Scale.
Keywords: capillary blood sampling; fingertip; glucose; pain; palm
Read the detailed description
Avoid duplicating information that will be entered elsewhere, such as Eligibility Criteria or Outcome Measures.
The data were collected by the researcher in the diabetes outpatient clinic where there is a sink for handwashing and a suitable area and equipment for blood collection. The researcher interviewed the patients who applied to the diabetes outpatient clinic, informed them about the study and obtained their written consents. After obtaining their written consents, the information of the patients was recorded in the Patient Identification Form. Then, the patients were informed about the use of the Visual Analog Scale. First, venous blood samples of the patients were collected into a tube by the researcher, and then their capillary blood samples were taken. A randomization scheme was created via the website https://www.randomizer.org/ in order to prevent bias during the evaluation of the pain felt due to drawing of capillary blood. According to this randomization order, patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. For capillary blood glucose measurement, two regions, fingertip and palm were used in every patient. In the first group, capillary blood glucose samples were taken first from the fingertip and then from the palm, and in the second group the capillary blood sample was first obtained from the palm and then the fingertip, and blood glucose measurements were made with the glucometer. The patient washed his/her hands with warm water and soap and dried them with a paper towel. Prior to capillary blood collection, the patient washed his/her hands with warm water, kept his hand below the level of the heart, waved downwards and gently massaged his/her fingertips in order to obtain appropriate amount of blood. The dominant hands of the patients were used to collect capillary blood samples. In order not to affect the research results, the same glucometer device was used for all capillary glucose measurements and a new 28G sterile lancet was used in each application. Between capillary blood glucose measurements, an average of 5 minutes was waited for pain assessment with VAS. In order to ensure the objectivity of the study, the nurse, who was trained by the researcher on the use of VAS before the study, evaluated the patient's pain at the end of each capillary blood glucose measurement by using VAS.
- Conditions
- Glucose Test Site Bleeding
- Being tested
- crossover design
- Keywords
- pain, capillary blood sampling, fingertip, glucose
- Medical subject headings
- Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
crossover designOther
Also called capillary blood glucose measurement, venous blood glucose measurement, pain assessment
The researcher took venous blood sample in a tube from each patient and according to the list of order determined via randomization scheme formed on the computer, the patients' glucose levels were measured by taking a capillary blood sample from the side of the middle fingertip and palm of the dominant hand with the glucometer. Before the study, the patient's pain assessment at the end of each measurement was carried out by a nurse who was trained by the researcher about the use of Visual Analog Scale.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| capillary blood glucose measurement | Experimental | the researcher took venous blood sample in a tube from each patient and according to the list of order determined via randomization scheme formed on the computer, the patients' glucose levels were measured by taking a capillary blood sample from the side of the middle fingertip and palm of the dominant hand with the glucometer. Before the study, the patient's pain assessment at the end of each measurement was carried out by a nurse who was trained by the researcher about the use of Visual Analog Scale. Receives: Other: crossover design |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
venous blood samples
Venous blood samples of the patients were collected into a tube by the researcher.
Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Capillary blood glucose measurement
For capillary blood glucose measurement, two regions, fingertip and palm were used in every patient. The patient washed his/her hands with warm water and soap and dried them with a paper towel. Prior to capillary blood collection, the patient washed his/her hands with warm water, kept his hand below the level of the heart, waved downwards and gently massaged his/her fingertips in order to obtain appropriate amount of blood. The dominant hands of the patients were used to collect capillary blood samples. In order not to affect the research results, the same glucometer device was used for all capillary glucose measurements and a new 28G sterile lancet was used in each application.
Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Secondary outcomes (1)
Visual Analog scale (VAS)
At the end of each capillary blood glucose measurement, the patient's pain was assessed using the VAS.
Visual Analog scale (VAS) is a one-dimensional scale used to measure pain. The scale consists of a 100 mm long line, with the words "painlessness" on one end and "the most severe pain" on the other end. "0" denotes painlessness, "100" denotes the most severe pain. The scale can be used horizontally or vertically. In this study, VAS was used horizontally.
Measured: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted30 Dec 2022
- Study start1 Aug 2018
- Primary completion30 Nov 2018
- Study completion30 Nov 2018
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Glucose Test Site BleedingStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Screening
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Model description
- crossover design
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 130 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Melek Sahin
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor-investigator, Melek Sahin, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University
- Investigators
- Eylem Ergün, RN, Study director, +905302373049
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05668702
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 05.04.2018 04/I
- Status last verified
- Dec 2022
- First submitted
- 4 Dec 2022
- Last updated
- 30 Dec 2022
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Publications
Bijur PE, Silver W, Gallagher EJ. Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2001 Dec;8(12):1153-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01132.x.
PubMed 11733293Chlebowy DO, Hood S, LaJoie AS. Facilitators and barriers to self-management of type 2 diabetes among urban African American adults: focus group findings. Diabetes Educ. 2010 Nov-Dec;36(6):897-905. doi: 10.1177/0145721710385579. Epub 2010 Oct 25.
PubMed 20974906Anitha Pavithran A, Ramamoorthy L, Bs S, Murugesan R, Mj K. Comparison of Fingertip vs Palm Site Sampling on Pain Perception, and Variation in Capillary Blood Glucose Level among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. J Caring Sci. 2020 Dec 1;9(4):182-187. doi: 10.34172/jcs.2020.028. eCollection 2020 Dec.
PubMed 33409161Anzalone P. Equivalence of earlobe site blood glucose testing with finger stick. Clin Nurs Res. 2008 Nov;17(4):251-61. doi: 10.1177/1054773808325050.
PubMed 18927259Bina DM, Anderson RL, Johnson ML, Bergenstal RM, Kendall DM. Clinical impact of prandial state, exercise, and site preparation on the equivalence of alternative-site blood glucose testing. Diabetes Care. 2003 Apr;26(4):981-5. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.4.981.
PubMed 12663560Chan HY, Lau TS, Ho SY, Leung DY, Lee DT. The accuracy and acceptability of performing capillary blood glucose measurements at the earlobe. J Adv Nurs. 2016 Aug;72(8):1766-73. doi: 10.1111/jan.12944. Epub 2016 Mar 1.
PubMed 27380764Ergin E, Zaybak A. Effects of Different Methods Used to Take Blood Samples on Blood Glucose Measurements. Clin Nurs Res. 2022 Jan;31(1):29-38. doi: 10.1177/10547738211024782. Epub 2021 Jul 5.
PubMed 34218680Farmer L, Winfield C, Quatrara B, Letzkus L, Schenck P, Finneran P, Pollak D, McCaskill C, Nealy R, Conaway M. Does Site Matter? Comparing Accuracy and Patient Comfort of Blood Glucose Samples Taken From the Finger and Palm of the Perioperative Patient. J Perianesth Nurs. 2017 Dec;32(6):573-577. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2016.10.006. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
PubMed 29157763Guo J, Long Q, Li J, Wang X, Li Y, Jiang S, Sun M, Wiley J, Chen JL. Barriers and facilitators of self-monitoring of blood glucose engagement among women with gestational diabetes mellitus in China: A mixed-methods study. Midwifery. 2020 Nov;90:102797. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102797. Epub 2020 Jul 18.
PubMed 32755742
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 30 Dec 2022. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Comparison of Two Regions Used in Capillary Blood Glucose Test in Terms of Pain and Result Consistency
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05668702
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 05.04.2018 04/I
- Conditions
- Glucose Test Site Bleeding
- Keywords
- pain, capillary blood sampling, fingertip, glucose
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 130 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Melek SahinUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Aug 2018 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Nov 2018 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Nov 2018 (actual)
- First posted
- 30 Dec 2022 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Abstract Background: Capillary blood glucose measurement is one of the invasive procedures frequently used in clinics, hospitals and home.
Aim: To determine the consistency of pain and results between the palm and fingertip in obtaining blood sample with the intention of monitoring capillary blood glucose.
Design: This study is a crossover design designated. Settings: The research was carried out Diabetes Polyclinic Participants: One hundred thirty Type 2 diabetes patients who went to Diabetes Polyclinic Methods: The research was carried out with 130 Type 2 diabetes patients who went to Diabetes Polyclinic between August and November, 2018. During the data collection, the researcher took venous blood sample in a tube from each patient and according to the list of order determined via randomization scheme formed on the computer, the patients' glucose levels were measured by taking a capillary blood sample from the side of the middle fingertip and palm of the dominant hand with the glucometer. Before the study, the patient's pain assessment at the end of each measurement was carried out by a nurse who was trained by the researcher about the use of Visual Analog Scale.
Keywords: capillary blood sampling; fingertip; glucose; pain; palm
Detailed description
Avoid duplicating information that will be entered elsewhere, such as Eligibility Criteria or Outcome Measures.
The data were collected by the researcher in the diabetes outpatient clinic where there is a sink for handwashing and a suitable area and equipment for blood collection. The researcher interviewed the patients who applied to the diabetes outpatient clinic, informed them about the study and obtained their written consents. After obtaining their written consents, the information of the patients was recorded in the Patient Identification Form. Then, the patients were informed about the use of the Visual Analog Scale. First, venous blood samples of the patients were collected into a tube by the researcher, and then their capillary blood samples were taken. A randomization scheme was created via the website https://www.randomizer.org/ in order to prevent bias during the evaluation of the pain felt due to drawing of capillary blood. According to this randomization order, patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups. For capillary blood glucose measurement, two regions, fingertip and palm were used in every patient. In the first group, capillary blood glucose samples were taken first from the fingertip and then from the palm, and in the second group the capillary blood sample was first obtained from the palm and then the fingertip, and blood glucose measurements were made with the glucometer. The patient washed his/her hands with warm water and soap and dried them with a paper towel. Prior to capillary blood collection, the patient washed his/her hands with warm water, kept his hand below the level of the heart, waved downwards and gently massaged his/her fingertips in order to obtain appropriate amount of blood. The dominant hands of the patients were used to collect capillary blood samples. In order not to affect the research results, the same glucometer device was used for all capillary glucose measurements and a new 28G sterile lancet was used in each application. Between capillary blood glucose measurements, an average of 5 minutes was waited for pain assessment with VAS. In order to ensure the objectivity of the study, the nurse, who was trained by the researcher on the use of VAS before the study, evaluated the patient's pain at the end of each capillary blood glucose measurement by using VAS.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Screening
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
- Model description
- crossover design
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| capillary blood glucose measurement | Experimental | Other: crossover designthe researcher took venous blood sample in a tube from each patient and according to the list of order determined via randomization scheme formed on the computer, the patients' glucose levels were measured by taking a capillary blood sample from the side of the middle fingertip and palm of the dominant hand with the glucometer. Before the study, the patient's pain assessment at the end of each measurement was carried out by a nurse who was trained by the researcher about the use of Visual Analog Scale. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Individuals with Type 2 diabetes
- who fasted at least 8-12 hours before blood sampling,
- who were 18 years and older,
- volunteered to participate in the study
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- with mental problems,
- communication problems,
- vision problems,
- upper extremity amputations,
- peripheral neuropathy or decreased sensation in their hands,
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| crossover designAlso: capillary blood glucose measurement, venous blood glucose measurement, pain assessmentThe researcher took venous blood sample in a tube from each patient and according to the list of order determined via randomization scheme formed on the computer, the patients' glucose levels were measured by taking a capillary blood sample from the side of the middle fingertip and palm of the dominant hand with the glucometer. Before the study, the patient's pain assessment at the end of each measurement was carried out by a nurse who was trained by the researcher about the use of Visual Analog Scale. | Other | capillary blood glucose measurement |
Primary outcome
venous blood samples
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Venous blood samples of the patients were collected into a tube by the researcher.
Capillary blood glucose measurement
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
For capillary blood glucose measurement, two regions, fingertip and palm were used in every patient. The patient washed his/her hands with warm water and soap and dried them with a paper towel. Prior to capillary blood collection, the patient washed his/her hands with warm water, kept his hand below the level of the heart, waved downwards and gently massaged his/her fingertips in order to obtain appropriate amount of blood. The dominant hands of the patients were used to collect capillary blood samples. In order not to affect the research results, the same glucometer device was used for all capillary glucose measurements and a new 28G sterile lancet was used in each application.
1 secondary outcome
Visual Analog scale (VAS)
Time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 30 Dec 2022.
- Background: PubMed 11733293Bijur PE, Silver W, Gallagher EJ. Reliability of the visual analog scale for measurement of acute pain. Acad Emerg Med. 2001 Dec;8(12):1153-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2001.tb01132.x.
- Background: PubMed 20974906Chlebowy DO, Hood S, LaJoie AS. Facilitators and barriers to self-management of type 2 diabetes among urban African American adults: focus group findings. Diabetes Educ. 2010 Nov-Dec;36(6):897-905. doi: 10.1177/0145721710385579. Epub 2010 Oct 25.
- Results publication: PubMed 33409161Anitha Pavithran A, Ramamoorthy L, Bs S, Murugesan R, Mj K. Comparison of Fingertip vs Palm Site Sampling on Pain Perception, and Variation in Capillary Blood Glucose Level among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. J Caring Sci. 2020 Dec 1;9(4):182-187. doi: 10.34172/jcs.2020.028. eCollection 2020 Dec.
- Results publication: PubMed 18927259Anzalone P. Equivalence of earlobe site blood glucose testing with finger stick. Clin Nurs Res. 2008 Nov;17(4):251-61. doi: 10.1177/1054773808325050.
- Results publication: PubMed 12663560Bina DM, Anderson RL, Johnson ML, Bergenstal RM, Kendall DM. Clinical impact of prandial state, exercise, and site preparation on the equivalence of alternative-site blood glucose testing. Diabetes Care. 2003 Apr;26(4):981-5. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.4.981.
- Results publication: PubMed 27380764Chan HY, Lau TS, Ho SY, Leung DY, Lee DT. The accuracy and acceptability of performing capillary blood glucose measurements at the earlobe. J Adv Nurs. 2016 Aug;72(8):1766-73. doi: 10.1111/jan.12944. Epub 2016 Mar 1.
- Results publication: PubMed 34218680Ergin E, Zaybak A. Effects of Different Methods Used to Take Blood Samples on Blood Glucose Measurements. Clin Nurs Res. 2022 Jan;31(1):29-38. doi: 10.1177/10547738211024782. Epub 2021 Jul 5.
- Results publication: PubMed 29157763Farmer L, Winfield C, Quatrara B, Letzkus L, Schenck P, Finneran P, Pollak D, McCaskill C, Nealy R, Conaway M. Does Site Matter? Comparing Accuracy and Patient Comfort of Blood Glucose Samples Taken From the Finger and Palm of the Perioperative Patient. J Perianesth Nurs. 2017 Dec;32(6):573-577. doi: 10.1016/j.jopan.2016.10.006. Epub 2017 Mar 22.
- Results publication: PubMed 32755742Guo J, Long Q, Li J, Wang X, Li Y, Jiang S, Sun M, Wiley J, Chen JL. Barriers and facilitators of self-monitoring of blood glucose engagement among women with gestational diabetes mellitus in China: A mixed-methods study. Midwifery. 2020 Nov;90:102797. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2020.102797. Epub 2020 Jul 18.
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Eylem Ergün, RN study director
+905302373049
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing crossover design in people with Glucose Test Site Bleeding, run by Melek Sahin at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 30 Dec 2022. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
venous blood samples (time frame: through study completion, an average of 1 year). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05668702, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 30 Dec 2022; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.