Pain, PostoperativeNCT05692193
The Effect of Pain Education on Pain and Comfort
A study testing pain education in people with Pain, Postoperative, run by Okan University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
The study was planned as quasi-experimental to determine the effect of pain training given to patients who will undergo surgery for anorectal diseases on postoperative pain and comfort. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Pain, Postoperative
- What is being tested?
- pain education
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 80 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 1 Nov 2021to 1 Nov 2022
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Being over 18 years old, literate, having surgery for anorectal diseases, having surgery under spinal anesthesia and volunteering to participate in the research.
Who cannot join
- using analgesia, mentally ill
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: The Effect Of Pre-Surgery Paın Educatıon On Postoperatıve Paın And Comfort In Anorectal Dıseases
The study was planned as quasi-experimental to determine the effect of pain training given to patients who will undergo surgery for anorectal diseases on postoperative pain and comfort. The research was carried out in Istanbul Taksim Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic between November 2021 and November 2022. Data were collected with the "Patient Introduction Education Leaflet", "Patient Pain Education Leaflet", "Numeric Pain Scale", "Brief Pain Inventory" and "Perianesthesia Comfort Scale". The data were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods using the SPSS 25.0 package program.
In the study, the difference between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics and life histories of the patients was insignificant and showed a homogeneous distribution (p>0.05). When the measurements of the patients in the experimental and control groups were compared; It was determined that the patients in the experimental group had lower pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate and body temperature, and the mean SPO2 was higher than the patients in the control group (p<0.05). When the evaluations between the groups are examined; It was found that the mean pain scores evaluated with the Numerical Pain Scale and Brief Pain Inventory scales in the patients included in the experimental group were lower than the patients included in the control group; The comfort level evaluated with the Perianesthesia Comfort Scale was found to be higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05).
Read more
Hypothesis 1: Pain education given to experimental group patients who will undergo surgery for anorectal diseases has an effect on postoperative pain.
Hypothesis 2: Pain education given to patients in the experimental group who will undergo surgery for anorectal diseases has an effect on the comfort level after surgery.
Read the detailed description
Type of research: The research was planned as quasi-experimental. Location: The study is planned to be carried out with patients who were planned for anorectal surgery and hospitalized in Taksim Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic in Beyoğlu district of Istanbul.
Population, sampling method and number: The population of the study will consist of patients who will undergo hemorrhoid, anal abscess, anal fissure or anal fistula surgery in the General Surgery Clinic in Taksim Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul.
There are different methods to determine the sample size in the literature. In this study, the sample size for repeated ANOVA measures will be calculated using the medium effect size standardized by Cohen. Sample calculation will be done with G-power 3.1 package program. The sample of the study will be determined as at least 36 patients in each of the case and control groups, with an effect size of 0.25 and a power of 0.90. Considering that there may be case losses due to any reason and cases that can be excluded from the sample in terms of homogeneity of the groups, it will be planned to include 40 patients in the study and control groups by increasing it by 10%. Being over 18 years old, being literate, having surgery for anorectal diseases, having surgery under spinal anesthesia and volunteering to participate in the study will be determined as inclusion criteria.
Dependent Variables: Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, body temperature, blood pressure, pain score constitute the dependent variables.
Independent Variables: Gender, age, weight, height, occupation, income level and previous surgeries constitute the independent variables.
Statistical analysis methods to be used: The data obtained from the research will be transferred to the electronic environment and evaluated in the SPSS 25.0 package program. Number, percentage, mean and standard deviation will be used as descriptive statistical methods in the evaluation of the data. Before the data analysis, normality test will be done to test the compliance with the parametric test methods. In order to test the normal distribution condition, Kolmogorov Smirnov Z test will be applied. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests will be applied to determine the homogeneity of the groups. In line with the results, the data will be analyzed with the related tests. The findings will be evaluated at the 95% confidence interval and at the 5% significance level.
In order to obtain the data of the study, "Patient Identification Form", "Patient Pain Education Brochure", "Numerical Pain Scale" , "Short Pain Inventory" prepared by the researcher by scanning the literature., "Perianesthesia Comfort Scale" will be used. In the quasi-experimental study, the patients will be divided into two groups as the experimental and control group by simple random method. The patients in the experimental group will be given the "Patient Pain Education Brochure" prepared one day before the surgery, taking into account the individual and pandemic measures, and at the same time, the training will be given verbally and in writing for an average of 20-30 minutes in the patient's own room. With the patient's vital signs at the time of admission to the ward before the training, immediately after the training and at the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th minutes, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th, and 24th hours after the operation, to the intervention group that was trained. "Numerical Pain Scale", "Brief Pain Inventory" , "Perianesthesia Comfort Scale" will be applied at the 24th hour. Patients in the control group will not be given pain training, and vital signs of the patient during their hospitalization, one day before the operation and at the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th minutes, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th, 24th hours after the operation. "Numerical Pain Scale" , "Brief Pain Inventory" , "Perianesthesia Comfort Scale" will be applied at the 24th hour. The patients will be informed about the purpose of the research, benefits, duration of education, scale forms and evaluation periods by the researcher, and an "Informed Consent" will be obtained by explaining that their individual rights will be protected and their personal information will be kept confidential. The patient education brochure will be submitted to the expert opinion of 10 people for content evaluation. The brochure will be finalized according to the suggestions of the experts. The prepared training will be applied to 10 patients for content and language validity.
- Conditions
- Pain, Postoperative
- Being tested
- pain education
- Keywords
- Anorectal diseases, pain, confort, Pain education
- Medical subject headings
- Pain, Postoperative, Rectal Diseases, Pain
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
pain educationBehavioural
Pain education was given to the experimental group for 20-30 minutes on the day of hospitalization.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| experimental group | Experimental | * A 'Patient Pain Education Brochure', which was prepared the day before the surgery, was given, and at the same time, the training was given verbally and in writing for an average of 20-30 minutes in the patient's own room.
* Vital sessions and pain assessment were performed during admission to the ward before the training.
* Pain was evaluated together with the patient's vital signs at the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th minutes, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th, and 24th hours after the surgery.
* Comfort assessment was performed at the 24th hour after surgery. Receives: Behavioral: pain education |
| control group | No intervention | * One day before the operation, vital signs and pain were evaluated during hospitalization. * Pain was evaluated together with the patient's vital signs at the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th minutes, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th, and 24th hours after the surgery. * Comfort assessment was performed at the 24th hour after surgery. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pain score
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Measured: Hospitalization day (0. minute)
Pain Score
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Measured: 15 minutes after surgery
Pain Score
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Measured: 30 minutes after surgery
Pain Score
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Measured: 45 minutes after surgery
Pain Score
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Measured: 60 minutes after surgery
Pain Score
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Measured: 120 minutes after surgery
Pain Score
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Measured: 4. hours after surgery
Pain Score
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Measured: 6. hours after surgery
Pain Score
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Measured: 12. hours after surgery
Pain Score
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Measured: 24. hours after surgery
Secondary outcomes (1)
Comfort level
The Perianesthesia Comfort Scale is a one-dimensional scale consisting of 24 items that reflects the individual's thought process before and after surgery and questions his feelings. Each statement in the scale is scored on a Likert type ranging from 1 to 6, from 'strongly disagree' to 'strongly agree'. Accordingly, a high score (6 points) for positive items indicates high comfort, a low score (1 point) indicates low comfort, and a low score (1 point) for negative items indicates high comfort, and a high score (6 points) indicates low comfort. The highest total score that can be obtained on the scale is 144, and the lowest total score is 24. The average value is determined by dividing the total score obtained by the number of scale items, and the result is indicated in the 1-6 distribution. A low score indicates poor comfort, while a high score indicates good comfort.
Measured: 24. hours after surgery
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted20 Jan 2023
- Study start1 Nov 2021
- Primary completion1 May 2022
- Study completion1 Nov 2022
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Pain, PostoperativeStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Okan University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Muhsin UYSAL, Okan University
- Investigators
- Muhsin Uysal, Researcher, Principal investigator, Istanbul Taksim Training and Research Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05692193
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2022/11
- Status last verified
- Jan 2023
- First submitted
- 6 Jan 2023
- Last updated
- 20 Jan 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Jan 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect Of Pre-Surgery Paın Educatıon On Postoperatıve Paın And Comfort In Anorectal Dıseases
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05692193
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2022/11
- Conditions
- Pain, Postoperative
- Keywords
- Anorectal diseases, pain, confort, Pain education
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 80 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Okan UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Nov 2021 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 May 2022 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Nov 2022 (actual)
- First posted
- 20 Jan 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The study was planned as quasi-experimental to determine the effect of pain training given to patients who will undergo surgery for anorectal diseases on postoperative pain and comfort. The research was carried out in Istanbul Taksim Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic between November 2021 and November 2022. Data were collected with the "Patient Introduction Education Leaflet", "Patient Pain Education Leaflet", "Numeric Pain Scale", "Brief Pain Inventory" and "Perianesthesia Comfort Scale". The data were analyzed with appropriate statistical methods using the SPSS 25.0 package program.
In the study, the difference between the groups in terms of demographic characteristics and life histories of the patients was insignificant and showed a homogeneous distribution (p>0.05). When the measurements of the patients in the experimental and control groups were compared; It was determined that the patients in the experimental group had lower pulse, blood pressure, respiratory rate and body temperature, and the mean SPO2 was higher than the patients in the control group (p<0.05). When the evaluations between the groups are examined; It was found that the mean pain scores evaluated with the Numerical Pain Scale and Brief Pain Inventory scales in the patients included in the experimental group were lower than the patients included in the control group; The comfort level evaluated with the Perianesthesia Comfort Scale was found to be higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05).
Hypothesis 1: Pain education given to experimental group patients who will undergo surgery for anorectal diseases has an effect on postoperative pain.
Hypothesis 2: Pain education given to patients in the experimental group who will undergo surgery for anorectal diseases has an effect on the comfort level after surgery.
Detailed description
Type of research: The research was planned as quasi-experimental. Location: The study is planned to be carried out with patients who were planned for anorectal surgery and hospitalized in Taksim Training and Research Hospital General Surgery Clinic in Beyoğlu district of Istanbul.
Population, sampling method and number: The population of the study will consist of patients who will undergo hemorrhoid, anal abscess, anal fissure or anal fistula surgery in the General Surgery Clinic in Taksim Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul.
There are different methods to determine the sample size in the literature. In this study, the sample size for repeated ANOVA measures will be calculated using the medium effect size standardized by Cohen. Sample calculation will be done with G-power 3.1 package program. The sample of the study will be determined as at least 36 patients in each of the case and control groups, with an effect size of 0.25 and a power of 0.90. Considering that there may be case losses due to any reason and cases that can be excluded from the sample in terms of homogeneity of the groups, it will be planned to include 40 patients in the study and control groups by increasing it by 10%. Being over 18 years old, being literate, having surgery for anorectal diseases, having surgery under spinal anesthesia and volunteering to participate in the study will be determined as inclusion criteria.
Dependent Variables: Heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, body temperature, blood pressure, pain score constitute the dependent variables.
Independent Variables: Gender, age, weight, height, occupation, income level and previous surgeries constitute the independent variables.
Statistical analysis methods to be used: The data obtained from the research will be transferred to the electronic environment and evaluated in the SPSS 25.0 package program. Number, percentage, mean and standard deviation will be used as descriptive statistical methods in the evaluation of the data. Before the data analysis, normality test will be done to test the compliance with the parametric test methods. In order to test the normal distribution condition, Kolmogorov Smirnov Z test will be applied. Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests will be applied to determine the homogeneity of the groups. In line with the results, the data will be analyzed with the related tests. The findings will be evaluated at the 95% confidence interval and at the 5% significance level.
In order to obtain the data of the study, "Patient Identification Form", "Patient Pain Education Brochure", "Numerical Pain Scale" , "Short Pain Inventory" prepared by the researcher by scanning the literature., "Perianesthesia Comfort Scale" will be used. In the quasi-experimental study, the patients will be divided into two groups as the experimental and control group by simple random method. The patients in the experimental group will be given the "Patient Pain Education Brochure" prepared one day before the surgery, taking into account the individual and pandemic measures, and at the same time, the training will be given verbally and in writing for an average of 20-30 minutes in the patient's own room. With the patient's vital signs at the time of admission to the ward before the training, immediately after the training and at the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th minutes, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th, and 24th hours after the operation, to the intervention group that was trained. "Numerical Pain Scale", "Brief Pain Inventory" , "Perianesthesia Comfort Scale" will be applied at the 24th hour. Patients in the control group will not be given pain training, and vital signs of the patient during their hospitalization, one day before the operation and at the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th minutes, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th, 24th hours after the operation. "Numerical Pain Scale" , "Brief Pain Inventory" , "Perianesthesia Comfort Scale" will be applied at the 24th hour. The patients will be informed about the purpose of the research, benefits, duration of education, scale forms and evaluation periods by the researcher, and an "Informed Consent" will be obtained by explaining that their individual rights will be protected and their personal information will be kept confidential. The patient education brochure will be submitted to the expert opinion of 10 people for content evaluation. The brochure will be finalized according to the suggestions of the experts. The prepared training will be applied to 10 patients for content and language validity.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Prevention
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| experimental group | Experimental | Behavioral: pain education* A 'Patient Pain Education Brochure', which was prepared the day before the surgery, was given, and at the same time, the training was given verbally and in writing for an average of 20-30 minutes in the patient's own room. * Vital sessions and pain assessment were performed during admission to the ward before the training. * Pain was evaluated together with the patient's vital signs at the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th minutes, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th, and 24th hours after the surgery. * Comfort assessment was performed at the 24th hour after surgery. |
| control group | No intervention | –* One day before the operation, vital signs and pain were evaluated during hospitalization. * Pain was evaluated together with the patient's vital signs at the 15th, 30th, 45th, 60th minutes, 2nd, 4th, 6th, 12th, and 24th hours after the surgery. * Comfort assessment was performed at the 24th hour after surgery. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Being over 18 years old, literate, having surgery for anorectal diseases, having surgery under spinal anesthesia and volunteering to participate in the research.
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- using analgesia, mentally ill
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| pain educationPain education was given to the experimental group for 20-30 minutes on the day of hospitalization. | Behavioural | experimental group |
Primary outcome
Pain score
Time frame: Hospitalization day (0. minute)
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Pain Score
Time frame: 15 minutes after surgery
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Pain Score
Time frame: 30 minutes after surgery
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Pain Score
Time frame: 45 minutes after surgery
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Pain Score
Time frame: 60 minutes after surgery
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Pain Score
Time frame: 120 minutes after surgery
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Pain Score
Time frame: 4. hours after surgery
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Pain Score
Time frame: 6. hours after surgery
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Pain Score
Time frame: 12. hours after surgery
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
Pain Score
Time frame: 24. hours after surgery
Pain intensity is measured as a numerical pain scale (0 = no pain, 10 = excruciating pain). The degree of pain expressed by the individual measures the general activity state caused by the pain in the last 24 hours, emotional state, relationships with other people, ability to walk, exercise, sleep, and enjoyment of life. Each item is evaluated as a numerical pain scale from 0 to 10 (0 = not affected at all, 10 = completely affected). The patient can mark the area where he feels pain on the picture, which method or drugs are used to provide analgesia, and the level of describing the pain in the last 24 hours is evaluated with percentages. In the brief pain inventory, pain is defined as 1-4 mild pain, 5-6 moderate and 7-10 severe pain.
1 secondary outcome
Comfort level
Time frame: 24. hours after surgery
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Jan 2023.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Muhsin Uysal, Researcher principal investigator
Istanbul Taksim Training and Research Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing pain education in people with Pain, Postoperative, run by Okan University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Jan 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pain score (time frame: Hospitalization day (0. minute)). The study lists 10 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Jan 2023.