Symptomatic Neurogenic Orthostatic HypotensionPhase 3CYPRESSNCT05696717
Phase 3 Efficacy and Durability of Ampreloxetine for the Treatment of Symptomatic nOH in Participants With Multiple System Atrophy
A Phase 3 study testing Ampreloxetine in people with Symptomatic Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension and MSA - Multiple System Atrophy, run by Theravance Biopharma at 79 sites in 20 countries.
Trial summary
This is a Phase 3, multi-center, randomized withdrawal study to evaluate the efficacy and durability of ampreloxetine in participants with MSA and symptomatic nOH after 20 weeks of treatment. This study includes 4 periods: Screening, open label, randomized withdrawal, and long-term treatment extension (LTE). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 30 years and older
- Conditions the study is for
- Symptomatic Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension, MSA - Multiple System Atrophy
- What is being tested?
- Ampreloxetine
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 102 participants
- Where
- 79 sitesin 20 countries
- Study dates
- 27 Jun 2023to Jan 2028
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Are there results?
- Not yet: the study is under way
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 30 years and older
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Participant is male or female and at least 30 years old.
- Participant has a diagnosis of possible or probable MSA of the Parkinsonian subtype (MSA-P) or cerebellar subtype (MSA-C) according to The Gilman Criteria (2008).
- Participant has a diagnosis of possible or probable MSA of the Parkinsonian subtype (MSA-P) or cerebellar subtype (MSA-C) confirmed by the Enrollment Steering Committee (ESC).
- Participant must meet the diagnostic criteria of nOH, as demonstrated by a sustained reduction in BP of ≥20 mmHg (systolic) or ≥10 mmHg (diastolic) within 3 min of standing as part of orthostatic standing test or being tilted up ≥60o from a supine position as determined by a tilt-table test.
- Participant must score ≤4 on UMSARS Part IV at Visit 1 (Screening).
- Participant must score at least a 4 on the OHSA item 1 at Visit 2 (Day 1).
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- Participant must be willing to not take any prohibited medications during the study.
- If participant is female, the participant must not be pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning a pregnancy during the course of the study. A woman of childbearing potential must have a documented negative pregnancy test at screening.
- During the study and for 30 days after receiving the last dose of the study drug, females of childbearing potential or males capable of fathering children must agree to use highly effective birth control measures (failure rate <1% when used consistently and correctly) or agree to abstain from sexual intercourse.
- Participant is willing and able to provide signed and dated written informed consent to -participate prior to initiation of any study related procedures.
- Participant is able to communicate well with the Investigator and clinic staff, understands the expectations of the study and is able to comply with the study procedures, requirements, and restrictions.
Who cannot join
- Participant has a systemic illness known to produce autonomic neuropathy, including, but not limited to, amyloidosis and autoimmune neuropathies. Participant with diabetes mellitus (DM) will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by the medical monitor and considered ineligible unless they meet all of the following criteria:
- Well controlled type-2 DM in treatment with only oral medications and diet
- HbA1C of ≤7.5% performed during screening or up to 12 weeks before screening
- No clinically evident peripheral neuropathy (e.g., normal sensory examination on peripheral extremities)
- No known retinopathy (e.g., annual ophthalmic exam is sufficient)
- No nephropathy (e.g., absence of albuminuria and GFR >60).
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- Participant has a known intolerance to other NRIs or SNRIs.
- Participant currently uses concomitant antihypertensive medication for the treatment of essential hypertension.
- Participant has used strong CYP1A2 inhibitors or inducers within 7 days or 5 half lives, whichever is longer, prior to Visit 2 (Day 1) or requires concomitant use until the Safety follow-up Visit.
- Participant has changed dose, frequency, or type of prescribed medication for orthostatic hypotension within 7 days prior to Visit 2 (Day 1).
- Midodrine and droxidopa (if applicable) must be tapered off and stopped at least 7 days prior to Visit 2 (Day 1).
- Participant has known or suspected alcohol or substance abuse within the past 12 months (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision [DSM IV TR®] definition of alcohol or substance abuse).
- Participant has clinically unstable coronary artery disease or had a major cardiovascular event (e.g., myocardial infarction) in the past 6 months.
- Participant has significant uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia, history of complete heart block, or significant QTc prolongation (≥450 msec for males and ≥470 msec for females).
- Participant has a new onset of a neurological event (i.e., seizures, confusion, altered levels of consciousness, etc.) in the past 6 months.
- Participant has used any monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) within 14 days prior to Visit 2 (Day 1).
- Participant has a history of untreated closed angle glaucoma, or treated closed angle glaucoma that, in the opinion of an ophthalmologist, might result in an increased risk to the participant.
- Participant has a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) <21.
- Participant is unable or unwilling to complete all protocol specified procedures including questionnaires.
- Participant has known congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association [NYHA] Class 3 or 4).
- Participant has had any malignant disease, other than carcinoma in situ of the cervix or basal cell carcinoma, within the past 2 years prior to Screening.
- Participant has a known gastrointestinal (GI) condition, which in the Investigator's judgment, may affect the absorption of study medication (e.g., ulcerative colitis, gastric bypass).
- Participant has psychiatric, neurological, or behavioral disorders that may interfere with the cognitive ability of the participant to give informed consent, understand and comply with study procedures, or interfere with the conduct of the study.
- Participant is currently receiving any investigational drug or has received an investigational drug within 30 days of dosing. An investigational drug is defined as a drug that is not approved by a regulatory agency (e.g., Food and Drug Administration [FDA]).
- Participant has a clinically significant abnormal laboratory finding(s) (e.g., alanine aminotransferase [ALT] or aspartate aminotransferase [AST] ≥3.0 x upper limit of normal [ULN]; blood bilirubin [total] ≥3.0 x ULN; estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/1.73 m2, or any abnormal laboratory value that could interfere with safety of the participant).
- Participant has demonstrated lifetime suicidal ideation and/or suicidal behavior, as outlined by the C-SSRS (Baseline/Screening Version). Participant should be assessed by the rater for risk of suicide and the participant's appropriateness for inclusion in the study.
- Participant has a concurrent disease or condition (e.g., COVID-19), or recent surgery, that in the opinion of the Investigator, would confound or interfere with study participation or evaluation of safety, tolerability, or absorption of the study drug.
- Participant has known hypersensitivity to ampreloxetine (ampreloxetine hydrochloride), or any excipients in the formulation.
- Major surgery (i.e., procedures involving higher risk for infection and extended recovery period, such as, joint replacement, gastric bypass, open heart surgery, organ transplant, etc.) occurring less than 4 weeks prior to enrollment.
Trial locations and contacts
79 sites in 20 countries.
79 sites in 20 countries
United States26 sites
Emory University
Atlanta, Georgia, 30329
Parkinson's Disease And Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton
Boca Raton, Florida, 33486
SFM Clinical Research, LLC
Boca Raton, Florida, 33487
Brigham and Women's Hospital (Neuromuscular Division)
Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
Rush University Medical Center
Chicago, Illinois, 60612
University of Cincinnati Medical Center
Cincinnati, Ohio, 45219
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Dallas, Texas, 75390
Quest Research Institute
Farmington Hills, Michigan, 48334
The Parkinson's and Movement Disorder Institute
Fountain Valley, California, 92708
Northshore University Health System
Glenview, Illinois, 60026-1339
Hawaii Pacific Neuroscience
Honolulu, Hawaii, 96817
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston, Texas, 77030
University of Kansas Medical Center Research Institute, Inc.
Kansas City, Kansas, 66160
UC San Diego Movement Disorder Center
La Jolla, California, 92037
David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA
Los Angeles, California, 90095
Aqualane Clinical Research
Naples, Florida, 34105
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
NYU Langone Health NYU Dysautonomia Center
New York, New York, 10016
The Neurological Institute at Columbia University Medical Center
New York, New York, 10032
Stanford Neuroscience Health Center
Palo Alto, California, 94304
Neurostudies, Inc
Port Charlotte, Florida, 33952
Movement Disorders and Autonomic Disorders Clinic; University of Utah
Salt Lake City, Utah, 84108
Movement Disorders Center of Arizona
Scottsdale, Arizona, 85258
University of South Florida Ataxia Research Center
Tampa, Florida, 33612
Medstar Georgetown University Hospital
Washington D.C., District of Columbia, 20007
Massachusetts Chan Medical School
Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655
Italy8 sites
IRCCS Istituto de Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna (ISNB)
Bologna, 40139
Parkinson's Centre of Ospedale CTO
Milan, 20126
Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Policlinico Tor Vergata
Rome, 00133
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
Rome, 00168
AOU San Giovanni di Dio e Ruggi d'Aragona, Salerno
Salerno, 84131
Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni
Terni, I-05100
Santa Chiara Hospital
Trento, 38122
Pia Fond. Cardinale Giovanni Panico Azienda Ospedaliera
Tricase, 73039
Argentina6 sites
INEBA Instituto Neurociencias Buenos Aires
CABA, Buenos Aires F.D., C1192AAW
Instituto Fleni
CABA, Buenos Aires F.D., C1428AQK
Médico/Hospital de la Policía Federal Churruca Visca
CABA, Buenos Aires F.D., C1437JCP
Hospital General de Agudos Jose Maria Ramos Mejía
CABA, C1221ADC
Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires
CABA, C1280AEB
Fundación Scherbovsky
Mendoza, M5500
Spain5 sites
Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Department of Neurology
Barakaldo, Bizkaia, 48903
Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Biocruces
Barakaldo, Bizkaia, 48903
Hospital Universitario de La Princesa
Madrid, 28006
Hospital Universitario Infante Sofia Paseo Europa
Madrid, 28702
Fundació Assistencial Mutua de Terrassa
Terrassa, Barcelona, 08222
Brazil4 sites
Hospital de Clínicas - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (HC - UFMG)
Belo Horizonte, 30130-100
Instituto de Neurologia de Curitiba S\C LTDA
Curitiba, Paraná, 81210-310
Centro de Pesquisa Clínica (CPC) do Hospital das Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)
Porto Alegre, 90035-903
Hospital São Lucas - PUCRS
Porto Alegre, 90610-000
Poland4 sites
Neurocentrum-Miwomed
Gdansk, 80-207
Neuro-Care Sp. z o.o. Sp. Komandytowa
Katowice, 40-749
Krakowska Akademia Neurologii Sp.zo.o.
Krakow, 31-505
Instytut Zdrowia dr Boczarska-Jedynak Sp. z o.o., Sp.k.
Oświęcim, 32-600
United Kingdom4 sites
University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust
Birmingham, B15 2GW
Barts Health
London, EC1M 6BQ
Autonomic Unit, National Hospital for Neurology & Neurosurgery
London, WC1N 3BG
Salford Royal Hospital
Salford, M6 8HD
Australia3 sites
Monash Health
Clayton, Victoria, 3168
The Alfred Hospital
Melbourne, Victoria, 3168
Theravance Biopharma Investigative Site
Parkville, Victoria, 3050
France3 sites
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Bordeaux Health
Bordeaux, 33076
Hopital Caremeau
Nîmes, Occitanie, Cedex 9
Centre d'Investigation Clinique Hôpital Pierre Paul Rique
Toulouse, 31059 Cedex
Germany3 sites
Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin- Campus Mitte
Berlin, 10117
Charite Universitaetsmedizin Berlin
Berlin, 12203
Praxis Dr. Oehlwein, Outpatient Clinic
Gera, Thuringia, 07551
Austria2 sites
Medical University of Innsbruck
Innsbruck, A-6020
Universitatsklinikum Tulln
Tulln
Estonia2 sites
Astra Clinic (Clinic4U)
Tallinn, 11315
Tartu University Hospital
Tartu, 30029
New Zealand2 sites
Theravance Biopharma Investigative Site
Christchurch, 8011
Auckland City Hospital
Grafton, Auckland, 1023
Canada1 site
University of Calgary - Health Sciences Centre
Calgary, Alberta, T2N 4Z6
About this study
Official title: A Phase 3, Multi-center, Randomized Withdrawal and Long Term Extension Study of Ampreloxetine for the Treatment of Symptomatic Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension in Participants With Multiple System Atrophy
This is a Phase 3, multi-center, randomized withdrawal study to evaluate the efficacy and durability of ampreloxetine in participants with MSA and symptomatic nOH after 20 weeks of treatment. This study includes 4 periods: Screening, open label, randomized withdrawal, and long-term treatment extension (LTE).
- Being tested
- Ampreloxetine, Placebo
- Medical subject headings
- Shy-Drager Syndrome
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
AmpreloxetineDrug
Also called TD-9855
Oral tablet, QD
PlaceboDrug
Oral tablet, QD
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Ampreloxetine (Open Label) | Active comparator | Participants will receive ampreloxetine as a single, oral, daily dose of active drug for 12 weeks. Receives: Drug: Ampreloxetine |
| Ampreloxetine (Randomized Withdrawal) | Placebo comparator | After completing the open label, participants are randomized to either ampreloxetine or placebo receiving a single, oral, daily dose of active drug or placebo for a further 8 weeks. Receives: Drug: Ampreloxetine; Drug: Placebo |
| Long-Term Extension Period | Active comparator | Participants will receive ampreloxetine as a single, oral, daily dose of active drug for 104 weeks. Receives: Drug: Ampreloxetine |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Change in OHSA composite score at Week 8 during the double-blind RW period
Score change from baseline on the composite of Questions 1 - 6 of the Orthostatic Hypotension Symptom Assessment (OHSA).
Measured: 8-week randomized withdrawal period (Week 12 to Week 20)
Secondary outcomes (2)
Change from baseline in OHDAS item 1 (activities that require standing for a short time) at Week 8 post randomization
Orthostatic Hypotension Daily Activities Scale (OHDAS) is an assessment of how low blood pressure symptoms affect daily life.
Measured: 8-week randomized withdrawal period (Week 12 to Week 20)
Change from baseline in OHDAS item 3 (activities that require walking for a short time) at Week 8 post randomization
Orthostatic Hypotension Daily Activities Scale (OHDAS) is an assessment of how low blood pressure symptoms affect daily life.
Measured: 8-week randomized withdrawal period (Week 12 to Week 20)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 Jan 2023
- Study start27 Jun 2023
- Primary completionJan 2026 (estimated)
- Study completionJan 2028 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Symptomatic Neurogenic Orthostatic HypotensionStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- Open Label followed by Randomized Parallel Assignment
- Masking
- Quadruple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 102 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Theravance Biopharma
- Sponsor type
- Industry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05696717
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2022-003903-14
- Acronym
- CYPRESS
- Status last verified
- Nov 2024
- First submitted
- 13 Jan 2023
- Last updated
- 5 Sep 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 5 Sep 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- A Phase 3, Multi-center, Randomized Withdrawal and Long Term Extension Study of Ampreloxetine for the Treatment of Symptomatic Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension in Participants With Multiple System Atrophy
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05696717
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CYPRESS / 2022-003903-14
- Phase
- Phase 3
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Active, not recruiting
- Enrolment
- 102 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Theravance BiopharmaIndustry (pharma, biotech, devices)
- Study start
- 27 Jun 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- Jan 2026 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jan 2028 (estimated)
- First posted
- 25 Jan 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
This is a Phase 3, multi-center, randomized withdrawal study to evaluate the efficacy and durability of ampreloxetine in participants with MSA and symptomatic nOH after 20 weeks of treatment. This study includes 4 periods: Screening, open label, randomized withdrawal, and long-term treatment extension (LTE).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Quadruple blind (participant, care provider, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 3
- Model description
- Open Label followed by Randomized Parallel Assignment
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Ampreloxetine (Open Label) | Active comparator | Drug: AmpreloxetineParticipants will receive ampreloxetine as a single, oral, daily dose of active drug for 12 weeks. |
| Ampreloxetine (Randomized Withdrawal) | Placebo comparator | Drug: Ampreloxetine, Drug: PlaceboAfter completing the open label, participants are randomized to either ampreloxetine or placebo receiving a single, oral, daily dose of active drug or placebo for a further 8 weeks. |
| Long-Term Extension Period | Active comparator | Drug: AmpreloxetineParticipants will receive ampreloxetine as a single, oral, daily dose of active drug for 104 weeks. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 30 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (11 listed)
- Participant is male or female and at least 30 years old.
- Participant has a diagnosis of possible or probable MSA of the Parkinsonian subtype (MSA-P) or cerebellar subtype (MSA-C) according to The Gilman Criteria (2008).
- Participant has a diagnosis of possible or probable MSA of the Parkinsonian subtype (MSA-P) or cerebellar subtype (MSA-C) confirmed by the Enrollment Steering Committee (ESC).
- Participant must meet the diagnostic criteria of nOH, as demonstrated by a sustained reduction in BP of ≥20 mmHg (systolic) or ≥10 mmHg (diastolic) within 3 min of standing as part of orthostatic standing test or being tilted up ≥60o from a supine position as determined by a tilt-table test.
- Participant must score ≤4 on UMSARS Part IV at Visit 1 (Screening).
Key exclusion criteria (29 listed)
- Participant has a systemic illness known to produce autonomic neuropathy, including, but not limited to, amyloidosis and autoimmune neuropathies. Participant with diabetes mellitus (DM) will be evaluated on a case-by-case basis by the medical monitor and considered ineligible unless they meet all of the following criteria:
- Participant has a known intolerance to other NRIs or SNRIs.
- Participant currently uses concomitant antihypertensive medication for the treatment of essential hypertension.
- Participant has used strong CYP1A2 inhibitors or inducers within 7 days or 5 half lives, whichever is longer, prior to Visit 2 (Day 1) or requires concomitant use until the Safety follow-up Visit.
- Participant has changed dose, frequency, or type of prescribed medication for orthostatic hypotension within 7 days prior to Visit 2 (Day 1).
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| AmpreloxetineAlso: TD-9855Oral tablet, QD | Drug | Ampreloxetine (Open Label), Ampreloxetine (Randomized Withdrawal), Long-Term Extension Period |
| PlaceboOral tablet, QD | Drug | Ampreloxetine (Randomized Withdrawal) |
Primary outcome
Change in OHSA composite score at Week 8 during the double-blind RW period
Time frame: 8-week randomized withdrawal period (Week 12 to Week 20)
Score change from baseline on the composite of Questions 1 - 6 of the Orthostatic Hypotension Symptom Assessment (OHSA).
2 secondary outcomes
Change from baseline in OHDAS item 1 (activities that require standing for a short time) at Week 8 post randomization
Time frame: 8-week randomized withdrawal period (Week 12 to Week 20)
Change from baseline in OHDAS item 3 (activities that require walking for a short time) at Week 8 post randomization
Time frame: 8-week randomized withdrawal period (Week 12 to Week 20)
Results and safety
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 5 Sep 2025.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
The record lists no contact. Use the official record to reach the sponsor.
79 sites in 20 countries: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 3 study testing Ampreloxetine in people with Symptomatic Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension and MSA - Multiple System Atrophy, run by Theravance Biopharma at 79 sites in 20 countries.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 11 inclusion and 29 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: under way, not looking for participants, as of the sponsor's last update on 5 Sep 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 79 sites in United States, Italy, Argentina, Spain, Brazil and 15 more countries. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 3 studies compare the treatment with the current standard treatment or a placebo in a large group, to confirm how well it works and watch for side effects.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
This study is still under way. Results are not available in the source record yet.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Change in OHSA composite score at Week 8 during the double-blind RW period (time frame: 8-week randomized withdrawal period (Week 12 to Week 20)). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 5 Sep 2025; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.