Scapular DyskinesisNCT05714163
Effects of Ai Chi on Scapular Muscle Activation in Overhead Athletes With Scapular Dyskinesis
An observational study of Scapular Dyskinesis and Athletic Injuries, run by National Taiwan University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is common in overhead athletes and negatively influence the athletes' performance, increasing the risk of shoulder injury. The kinetic chain (KC) exercises for SD rehabilitation that emphasize importance of core strength and scapula stability during skillful performance. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 20 to 99 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Scapular Dyskinesis, Athletic Injuries, Muscle Weakness
- How many people
- 21 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 16 Oct 2022to 23 Feb 2023
- Phase
- Observational
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 20 to 99 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Study population: The participants are overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis (SD) who played overhead sports activities at least 3 hours/week.
Who may be able to join
- The participants are overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis (SD) who played overhead sports activities at least 3 hours/week.
Who cannot join
- the individuals who have shoulder/neck pain in recent 3 months (VAS >7/10)
- severe shoulder trauma (the collision shoulder, shoulder sprains or strains)
- severe scoliosis (Cobb angle > 25 degrees)
- surgery of upper extremity (the shoulder, cervical spine and elbow) or cervical spine
- peripheral nerve injury or neurological disease (impaired sensation or motor function: numbness, tingle, muscle weakness)
- body mass index (BMI) >25
- infectious disease (upper respiratory tract infection, skin infection, etc.)
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is common in overhead athletes and negatively influence the athletes' performance, increasing the risk of shoulder injury. The kinetic chain (KC) exercises for SD rehabilitation that emphasize importance of core strength and scapula stability during skillful performance. Ai Chi, the aquatic exercises performed in functional positions, which are adequate for power transfer of KC. This study will investigate the effect of KC-based water exercises, Ai Chi, on scapular muscles in overhead athletes with SD.
Read the detailed description
The purpose of this study is to investigate muscle activations of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), latissimus dorsi (LD), and muscle balance ratios of UT/LT, UT/SA I in overhead athletes with SD via KC-based exercise in water and on land. KC-based exercises including the movement patterns of Ai Chi which consist of shoulder flexion/ extension, horizontal abduction/ adduction, internal and external rotation, scapular protraction/retraction combined with spinal rotation.
- Keywords
- Ai Chi, Hydrotherapy, Scapular dyskinesis, Overhead athletes, muscle balance, kinetic chain
- Medical subject headings
- Athletic Injuries, Muscle Weakness, Cumulative Trauma Disorders
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction of upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), latissimus dorsi (LD)
The muscle activity of UT, LT, SA and LD of the dominant hand will be recorded for 3 trials of each exercises with 3-seconds concentric phase and 3-seconds eccentric phase. There is a 3-second rest between trails and one-minute rest between exercises.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 10 months
Secondary outcomes (2)
Muscle balance ratio of UT/SA
The muscle balance ratio will be calculated to represent the conditions of these force couples in scapular region.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 10 months
Muscle balance ratio of UT/LT
The muscle balance ratio will be calculated to represent the conditions of these force couples in scapular region.
Measured: Through study completion, an average of 10 months
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 Feb 2023
- Study start16 Oct 2022
- Primary completion23 Feb 2023
- Study completion23 Feb 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Scapular DyskinesisStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by National Taiwan University HospitalThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Observational
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
- Enrolment
- 21 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan University Hospital
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jiu-Jenq Lin, Principal investigator, National Taiwan University Hospital
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05714163
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 202208053RINA
- Status last verified
- Jan 2026
- First submitted
- 12 Oct 2022
- Last updated
- 15 Jan 2026
- Results posted
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- Undecided
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 15 Jan 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Ai Chi on Scapular Muscle Activation in Overhead Athletes With Scapular Dyskinesis
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05714163
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 202208053RINA
- Keywords
- Ai Chi, Hydrotherapy, Scapular dyskinesis, Overhead athletes, muscle balance, kinetic chain
- Study type
- Observational
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 21 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Taiwan University HospitalUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 16 Oct 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 23 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 23 Feb 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Scapular dyskinesis (SD) is common in overhead athletes and negatively influence the athletes' performance, increasing the risk of shoulder injury. The kinetic chain (KC) exercises for SD rehabilitation that emphasize importance of core strength and scapula stability during skillful performance. Ai Chi, the aquatic exercises performed in functional positions, which are adequate for power transfer of KC. This study will investigate the effect of KC-based water exercises, Ai Chi, on scapular muscles in overhead athletes with SD.
Detailed description
The purpose of this study is to investigate muscle activations of the upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), latissimus dorsi (LD), and muscle balance ratios of UT/LT, UT/SA I in overhead athletes with SD via KC-based exercise in water and on land. KC-based exercises including the movement patterns of Ai Chi which consist of shoulder flexion/ extension, horizontal abduction/ adduction, internal and external rotation, scapular protraction/retraction combined with spinal rotation.
Study design
- Observational model
- Other
- Time perspective
- Cross-sectional
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 20 to 99 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
- Study population
- The participants are overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis (SD) who played overhead sports activities at least 3 hours/week.
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- The participants are overhead athletes with scapular dyskinesis (SD) who played overhead sports activities at least 3 hours/week.
Key exclusion criteria (7 listed)
- the individuals who have shoulder/neck pain in recent 3 months (VAS >7/10)
- severe shoulder trauma (the collision shoulder, shoulder sprains or strains)
- severe scoliosis (Cobb angle > 25 degrees)
- surgery of upper extremity (the shoulder, cervical spine and elbow) or cervical spine
- peripheral nerve injury or neurological disease (impaired sensation or motor function: numbness, tingle, muscle weakness)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Primary outcome
Percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction of upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), latissimus dorsi (LD)
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 10 months
The muscle activity of UT, LT, SA and LD of the dominant hand will be recorded for 3 trials of each exercises with 3-seconds concentric phase and 3-seconds eccentric phase. There is a 3-second rest between trails and one-minute rest between exercises.
2 secondary outcomes
Muscle balance ratio of UT/SA
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 10 months
Muscle balance ratio of UT/LT
Time frame: Through study completion, an average of 10 months
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 15 Jan 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: Undecided
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jiu-Jenq Lin principal investigator
National Taiwan University Hospital
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
An observational study of Scapular Dyskinesis and Athletic Injuries, run by National Taiwan University Hospital at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 7 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 15 Jan 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction of upper trapezius (UT), lower trapezius (LT), serratus anterior (SA), latissimus dorsi (LD) (time frame: Through study completion, an average of 10 months). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 15 Jan 2026.