Epilepsy IntractablePhase 2CLIOKIDNCT05727943
Add-on Clioquinol in Drug-resistant Childhood Epilepsy: an Exploratory Study
A Phase 2 study testing Clioquinol in people with Epilepsy Intractable, run by KU Leuven at 1 site in Belgium.
Trial summary
In this exploratory trial, the potential anti-seizure activity of clioquinol in a small cohort of adolescents with drug-resistant epilepsy will be examined. Subjects will be exposed to clioquinol add-on for a period of maximum 8 weeks (2 weeks low dose, 6 weeks higher dose). Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 12 to 18 years
- Conditions the study is for
- Epilepsy Intractable
- What is being tested?
- Clioquinol
- Type of treatment
- Pill or oral medicine
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 10 participants
- Where
- 1 siteBelgium
- Study dates
- 1 Mar 2022to 1 Oct 2026
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 12 to 18 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Participants eligible for inclusion in this Trial must meet all of the following criteria:
- Voluntary written informed consent of the participant or their legally authorized representative has been obtained prior to any screening procedures
- In females with child bearing potential: negative pregnancy test or use of highly effective methods of birth control; defined as those that, alone or in combination, result in low failure rate (i.e., less than 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly; such as implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptives, some intra-uterine devices, true sexual abstinence (i.e. refraining from heterosexual intercourse during the entire period of risk associated with the Trial treatment(s)) or commitment to a vasectomized partner
- Age ≥ 12 years and < 18 years at time of inclusion
- Weight ≥ 20 kg at time of inclusion
- Well defined epilepsy history with convulsive seizures (with observable and countable motor component)
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- Drug-resistant epilepsy: before inclusion failure of at least 2 AEDs
- Drug-resistant epilepsy: ≥ 4 seizures in the 2 week prospective period (baseline) before visit 2, not all (4) seizures observed in 1 of the 2 weeks. Baseline period can be extended with 1 or 2 weeks.
- The patient is at the moment of inclusion on max 3 anti-epileptic drugs (VNS and ketogenic diet not included)
Who cannot join
- Participant has a history of liver or kidney disease. Children with a co-existing active neuropathy (such as neuritis optica, transverse myelitis)
- Asian ethnicity
- Abnormal low blood level of vitamin B12 or Zn
- Patients with hypothyroidism
- Any disorder, which in the Investigator's opinion might jeopardize the participant's safety or compliance with the protocol
- Any prior or concomitant treatment(s) that might jeopardize the participant's safety or that would compromise the integrity of the Trial
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- Exposure to clioquinol before the trial
- Female who is pregnant, breast-feeding or intends to become pregnant or is of child-bearing potential and not using an adequate, highly effective contraceptive
- Participation in an interventional Trial with an IMP or device
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
In this exploratory trial, the potential anti-seizure activity of clioquinol in a small cohort of adolescents with drug-resistant epilepsy will be examined. Subjects will be exposed to clioquinol add-on for a period of maximum 8 weeks (2 weeks low dose, 6 weeks higher dose). The main hypothesis of the study is that 30% of the included subjects will be responders and that the median seizure frequency reduction will be at least 30%.
Read the detailed description
In this exploratory phase 2 trial, adolescents with DRE will be exposed to clioquinol add-on for a period of maximum 8 weeks (2 weeks low dose, 6 weeks higher dose). During the trial concomitant anti-epileptic medication will be kept stable, so that only the add-on effect of clioquinol will be assessed. During a prospective baseline of 2 weeks, the number of seizures will be counted. The effect of first low dose (1mg/kg/day) and later higher dose (4mg/kg/day) of clioquinol on seizure frequency will be calculated using the typical epilepsy trial outcome measures: percent reduction of seizure frequency and number of patients with a >50% seizure frequency reduction ('responders').
PK samples will be collected in the first 4 patients pre-dose and 2, 4 and 8 hours post-dose, both at initiation of the lower dose (1mg/kg/day) and the higher dose (4mg/kg/day) and on visit 4. The obtained PK data will be compared with the available literature data. Since we cannot define 'absolute' PK values (yet), we use a relative stopping rule in this first phase. If >1 of the first 4 patients show a PK pattern which is more than 50% different (max PK values 50% above literature max values), the study will be ended in these 4 patients. If the dosages need to be changed for the following patients, a protocol amendment will be provided to the FAGG and the EC. In the following subjects, a simplified PK study will be done at both dosages to examine whether they follow the findings in the 4 exploratory patients. Here also, a stopping rule when the PK data is more than 50% higher than the PK data obtained in the first 4 patients will be used.
Not only the effect of the drug on seizure frequency will be calculated, but also the effect on seizure severity, overall impact of seizures, medication side effects, comorbidities, and overall QoL, using standardized questionnaires (NHS3 and PIES) (1, 2).
The main hypothesis of the study is that 30% of the included patients will be responders and that the median seizure frequency reduction will be at least 30%. These numbers are based on very similar trial results with new anti-epileptic drugs in drug-resistant childhood epilepsy.
- Conditions
- Epilepsy Intractable
- Being tested
- Clioquinol
- Medical subject headings
- Drug Resistant Epilepsy
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
ClioquinolDrug
add on clioquinol to concomitant ASM
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| add - on clioquinol | Experimental | Add-on clioquinol to concomitant anti seizure medications.
Clioquinol - magistral suspension preparation (100mg/ml) - oral intake Exposure 2 weeks to low dose: 1 mg/kg/day Exposure 6 weeks to higher dose: 4 mg/kg/day Receives: Drug: Clioquinol |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Responder rate : seizure frequency reduction
Percentage of 50% responders after 2 weeks and 6 weeks exposure to low (1mg/kg/day) and higher doses (4mg/kg/day) of clioquinol respectively
Measured: 8 weeks intervention
Secondary outcomes (1)
safety and Quality of Life assessment
Safety during trial (systematic recording of adverse events)
.
Measured: 8 weeks intervention
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted14 Feb 2023
- Study start1 Mar 2022
- Primary completion1 Oct 2026
- Study completion1 Oct 2026
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Epilepsy IntractableStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by KU LeuvenThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Enrolment
- 10 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- KU Leuven
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Lieven Lagae, KU Leuven
- Investigators
- Lieven Lagae, MD PhD, Principal investigator, University Hospitals, University of Leuven
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05727943
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- S 64647
- Acronym
- CLIOKID
- Status last verified
- Oct 2026
- First submitted
- 23 Dec 2022
- Last updated
- 20 Oct 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 20 Oct 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Add-on Clioquinol in Drug-resistant Childhood Epilepsy: an Exploratory Study
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05727943
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- CLIOKID / S 64647
- Conditions
- Epilepsy Intractable
- Phase
- Phase 2
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 10 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- KU LeuvenUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 1 Mar 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 1 Oct 2026 (actual)
- Study completion
- 1 Oct 2026 (actual)
- First posted
- 14 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
In this exploratory trial, the potential anti-seizure activity of clioquinol in a small cohort of adolescents with drug-resistant epilepsy will be examined. Subjects will be exposed to clioquinol add-on for a period of maximum 8 weeks (2 weeks low dose, 6 weeks higher dose). The main hypothesis of the study is that 30% of the included subjects will be responders and that the median seizure frequency reduction will be at least 30%.
Detailed description
In this exploratory phase 2 trial, adolescents with DRE will be exposed to clioquinol add-on for a period of maximum 8 weeks (2 weeks low dose, 6 weeks higher dose). During the trial concomitant anti-epileptic medication will be kept stable, so that only the add-on effect of clioquinol will be assessed. During a prospective baseline of 2 weeks, the number of seizures will be counted. The effect of first low dose (1mg/kg/day) and later higher dose (4mg/kg/day) of clioquinol on seizure frequency will be calculated using the typical epilepsy trial outcome measures: percent reduction of seizure frequency and number of patients with a >50% seizure frequency reduction ('responders').
PK samples will be collected in the first 4 patients pre-dose and 2, 4 and 8 hours post-dose, both at initiation of the lower dose (1mg/kg/day) and the higher dose (4mg/kg/day) and on visit 4. The obtained PK data will be compared with the available literature data. Since we cannot define 'absolute' PK values (yet), we use a relative stopping rule in this first phase. If >1 of the first 4 patients show a PK pattern which is more than 50% different (max PK values 50% above literature max values), the study will be ended in these 4 patients. If the dosages need to be changed for the following patients, a protocol amendment will be provided to the FAGG and the EC. In the following subjects, a simplified PK study will be done at both dosages to examine whether they follow the findings in the 4 exploratory patients. Here also, a stopping rule when the PK data is more than 50% higher than the PK data obtained in the first 4 patients will be used.
Not only the effect of the drug on seizure frequency will be calculated, but also the effect on seizure severity, overall impact of seizures, medication side effects, comorbidities, and overall QoL, using standardized questionnaires (NHS3 and PIES) (1, 2).
The main hypothesis of the study is that 30% of the included patients will be responders and that the median seizure frequency reduction will be at least 30%. These numbers are based on very similar trial results with new anti-epileptic drugs in drug-resistant childhood epilepsy.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Not applicable
- Intervention model
- Single group
- Masking
- None (open label)
- Number of arms
- 1
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| add - on clioquinol | Experimental | Drug: ClioquinolAdd-on clioquinol to concomitant anti seizure medications. Clioquinol - magistral suspension preparation (100mg/ml) - oral intake Exposure 2 weeks to low dose: 1 mg/kg/day Exposure 6 weeks to higher dose: 4 mg/kg/day |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 12 to 18 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Participants eligible for inclusion in this Trial must meet all of the following criteria:
- Voluntary written informed consent of the participant or their legally authorized representative has been obtained prior to any screening procedures
- In females with child bearing potential: negative pregnancy test or use of highly effective methods of birth control; defined as those that, alone or in combination, result in low failure rate (i.e., less than 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly; such as implants, injectables, combined oral contraceptives, some intra-uterine devices, true sexual abstinence (i.e. refraining from heterosexual intercourse during the entire period of risk associated with the Trial treatment(s)) or commitment to a vasectomized partner
- Age ≥ 12 years and < 18 years at time of inclusion
- Weight ≥ 20 kg at time of inclusion
Key exclusion criteria (9 listed)
- Participant has a history of liver or kidney disease. Children with a co-existing active neuropathy (such as neuritis optica, transverse myelitis)
- Asian ethnicity
- Abnormal low blood level of vitamin B12 or Zn
- Patients with hypothyroidism
- Any disorder, which in the Investigator's opinion might jeopardize the participant's safety or compliance with the protocol
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Clioquinoladd on clioquinol to concomitant ASM | Drug | add - on clioquinol |
Primary outcome
Responder rate : seizure frequency reduction
Time frame: 8 weeks intervention
Percentage of 50% responders after 2 weeks and 6 weeks exposure to low (1mg/kg/day) and higher doses (4mg/kg/day) of clioquinol respectively
1 secondary outcome
safety and Quality of Life assessment
Time frame: 8 weeks intervention
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 20 Oct 2026.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Lieven Lagae, MD PhD principal investigator
University Hospitals, University of Leuven
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 2 study testing Clioquinol in people with Epilepsy Intractable, run by KU Leuven at 1 site in Belgium.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 9 inclusion and 9 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 20 Oct 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Belgium. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 2 studies give the treatment to a larger group to see whether it has the intended effect and to keep checking safety.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Responder rate : seizure frequency reduction (time frame: 8 weeks intervention). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 20 Oct 2026.