COVID-19REMEDYNCT05732571
Post COVID-19 REspiratory Mechanisms and the Efficacy of a Breathing Exercise Intervention for DYsregulated Breathing
A study testing Breathing techniques over 12 sessions / 6 weeks inc yoga in people with COVID-19 and Respiratory Disease, run by University of Nottingham at 1 site in United Kingdom.
Trial summary
A pilot Study To investigate the efficacy of a breathing intervention for improving persistent breathlessness due to dysregulated breathing following COVID-19 when compared to usual care. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- Conditions the study is for
- COVID-19, Respiratory Disease
- What is being tested?
- Breathing techniques over 12 sessions / 6 weeks inc yoga
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 40 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited Kingdom
- Study dates
- 10 Feb 2023to 30 Nov 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- No healthy volunteers
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Either hospitalised or non-hospitalised with confirmed COVID-19 acute infection.
- Received a comprehensive clinical respiratory assessment
- Persisting (>12 weeks) self-reported breathlessness (on CRQ-D) following COVID-19 and confirmed dysregulated breathing (Nijmegen Questionnaire score NQ >23)
- Age 18 - 80 years of age
- Ability to give informed consent
- Able to understand and speak English language
Who cannot join
- Severe mood disturbance that limits engagement with the intervention and study outcomes
- No access to online delivery and/or IT illiterate
- Significant diagnosed Myalgic Encephalitis/Fibromyalgia/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome prior to developing COVID-19
- Severe asthma or other chronic lung disease prior to COVID-19
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United Kingdom1 site
Nottingham University Hospitals Trust
Nottingham, Notts, NG5 1PB
About this study
Official title: Post COVID REspiratory Mechanisms and the Efficacy of a Breathing Exercise Intervention for DYsregulated Breathing (REMEDY): COVID-19
A pilot Study
To investigate the efficacy of a breathing intervention for improving persistent breathlessness due to dysregulated breathing following COVID-19 when compared to usual care.
Read the detailed description
Pilot RCT for upto 60 subjects across 2 arms
Intervention A 12 session/six week, twice a week online group-based intervention based on breathing techniques including yoga practice directed by a specialist. Each group will aim for between 3- 6 participants.
Each online session will be circa 40-50 minutes in length. This will include an Introduction and warm up; Breathing practice including yogic breathing and a final cool down and relaxation.
Sessions will run at set times to ensure efficient use of resources but will try to accommodate different time points periods of the day when patients might be functioning best.
Comparator A six week non-intervention (usual care) period will be recruited to, allowing a comparison to the intervention.
Primary co-outcomes
Change in
- Breathlessness: Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire-Dyspnoea domain (CRQ-D)
- Functional measure: 5 repetition chair to stand (5RCTS)
Secondary measures include other measures of breathlessness, function, adherence and completion (see full text for detail).
- Conditions
- COVID-19, Respiratory Disease
- Being tested
- Breathing techniques over 12 sessions / 6 weeks inc yoga
- Medical subject headings
- COVID-19, Respiration Disorders
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Breathing techniques over 12 sessions / 6 weeks inc yogaOther
as above
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Breathing Techniques Intervention | Active comparator | A 12 session/six week, twice a week online group-based intervention based on breathing techniques including yoga practice directed by a specialist. Each group will aim for between 3- 6 participants. Receives: Other: Breathing techniques over 12 sessions / 6 weeks inc yoga |
| Usual Care | No intervention | A six week non-intervention (usual care) period will be recruited to, allowing a comparison to the intervention. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Breathlessness.
Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire - Dyspnoea Domain Range 1-7 with lower - worse
Measured: 7 weeks
Function
5 repetition chair to stand. Range 0-120 seconds with longer worse
Measured: 7 weeks
Secondary outcomes (10)
Dyspnoea-12 Questionnaire
SOB questionnaire. Range 0-36, Greater, worse
Measured: 7 weeks
Nijmegen Questionnaire
Measure of dysregulated breathing. 0-64. Greater worse
Measured: 7 weeks
Borg Scale of Breathlessness
Measure of breathlessness. Range 0-10. Greater worse
Measured: 7 weeks
Four metre Gait speed
field test of physical performance. Range 0-60seconds. Greater worse
Measured: 7 weeks
Modified Minnesota Physical Activity
Questionnaire. Range 0-100. Greater better.
Measured: 7 weeks
Capnography - in some volunteers
End tidal CO2 measure in breath - at rest. Range N/A
Measured: 7 weeks
Chalder Fatigue Score
Questionnaire. Range 0-33. Greater worse
Measured: 7 weeks
EQ5D Quality of Life score
Questionnaire. VAS 0-100. Greater is better.
Measured: 7 weeks
Adherence
Recorded from number of potential sessions. Range 0-12. Greater better.
Measured: 7 weeks
Breath hold, Respiratory rate
Observational measures at rest. Breath hold - 0-45. Greater better. RR. Range 0-30. Greater worse
Measured: 7 weeks
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted17 Feb 2023
- Study start10 Feb 2023
- Primary completion31 Dec 2023
- Study completion30 Nov 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for COVID-19Studies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by University of NottinghamThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Model description
- A single site, pilot RCT of intervention compared to usual care
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- University of Nottingham
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Charlotte Bolton, Principal investigator, University of Nottingham
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05732571
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 22023
- Other IDs
- Post COVID-19 REMEDY
- Acronym
- REMEDY
- Status last verified
- Jun 2024
- First submitted
- 20 May 2022
- Last updated
- 4 May 2026
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No: This is pilot to generate a more formal plan
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 4 May 2026. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Post COVID REspiratory Mechanisms and the Efficacy of a Breathing Exercise Intervention for DYsregulated Breathing (REMEDY): COVID-19
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05732571
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REMEDY / 22023
- Conditions
- COVID-19, Respiratory Disease
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 40 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- University of NottinghamUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 10 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 31 Dec 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 30 Nov 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 17 Feb 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
A pilot Study
To investigate the efficacy of a breathing intervention for improving persistent breathlessness due to dysregulated breathing following COVID-19 when compared to usual care.
Detailed description
Pilot RCT for upto 60 subjects across 2 arms
Intervention A 12 session/six week, twice a week online group-based intervention based on breathing techniques including yoga practice directed by a specialist. Each group will aim for between 3- 6 participants.
Each online session will be circa 40-50 minutes in length. This will include an Introduction and warm up; Breathing practice including yogic breathing and a final cool down and relaxation.
Sessions will run at set times to ensure efficient use of resources but will try to accommodate different time points periods of the day when patients might be functioning best.
Comparator A six week non-intervention (usual care) period will be recruited to, allowing a comparison to the intervention.
Primary co-outcomes
Change in
- Breathlessness: Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire-Dyspnoea domain (CRQ-D)
- Functional measure: 5 repetition chair to stand (5RCTS)
Secondary measures include other measures of breathlessness, function, adherence and completion (see full text for detail).
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
- Model description
- A single site, pilot RCT of intervention compared to usual care
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Breathing Techniques Intervention | Active comparator | Other: Breathing techniques over 12 sessions / 6 weeks inc yogaA 12 session/six week, twice a week online group-based intervention based on breathing techniques including yoga practice directed by a specialist. Each group will aim for between 3- 6 participants. |
| Usual Care | No intervention | –A six week non-intervention (usual care) period will be recruited to, allowing a comparison to the intervention. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Not accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Either hospitalised or non-hospitalised with confirmed COVID-19 acute infection.
- Received a comprehensive clinical respiratory assessment
- Persisting (>12 weeks) self-reported breathlessness (on CRQ-D) following COVID-19 and confirmed dysregulated breathing (Nijmegen Questionnaire score NQ >23)
- Age 18 - 80 years of age
- Ability to give informed consent
Key exclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Severe mood disturbance that limits engagement with the intervention and study outcomes
- No access to online delivery and/or IT illiterate
- Significant diagnosed Myalgic Encephalitis/Fibromyalgia/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome prior to developing COVID-19
- Severe asthma or other chronic lung disease prior to COVID-19
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Breathing techniques over 12 sessions / 6 weeks inc yogaas above | Other | Breathing Techniques Intervention |
Primary outcome
Breathlessness.
Time frame: 7 weeks
Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire - Dyspnoea Domain Range 1-7 with lower - worse
Function
Time frame: 7 weeks
5 repetition chair to stand. Range 0-120 seconds with longer worse
10 secondary outcomes
Dyspnoea-12 Questionnaire
Time frame: 7 weeks
Nijmegen Questionnaire
Time frame: 7 weeks
Borg Scale of Breathlessness
Time frame: 7 weeks
Four metre Gait speed
Time frame: 7 weeks
Modified Minnesota Physical Activity
Time frame: 7 weeks
Capnography - in some volunteers
Time frame: 7 weeks
Chalder Fatigue Score
Time frame: 7 weeks
EQ5D Quality of Life score
Time frame: 7 weeks
Adherence
Time frame: 7 weeks
Breath hold, Respiratory rate
Time frame: 7 weeks
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 4 May 2026.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No. This is pilot to generate a more formal plan
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Charlotte Bolton principal investigator
University of Nottingham
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Breathing techniques over 12 sessions / 6 weeks inc yoga in people with COVID-19 and Respiratory Disease, run by University of Nottingham at 1 site in United Kingdom.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 6 inclusion and 4 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 4 May 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United Kingdom. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Breathlessness. (time frame: 7 weeks). The study lists 2 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 4 May 2026; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 8 Nov 2026.