Community-dwelling Older AdultsNCT05779371
Effects of the Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program on Resilience in Community-dwelling Older Adults
A study testing Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program in people with Community-dwelling Older Adults, run by National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences at 1 site in Taiwan.
Trial summary
Laughter programs are safe, affordable, and age-appropriate activities. Few studies have utilized mixed study designs to look at the impact on resilience in and experiences of participants in such activities. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 65 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Community-dwelling Older Adults
- What is being tested?
- Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program
- Type of treatment
- Lifestyle or therapy programme
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 39 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTaiwan
- Study dates
- 2 Jul 2019to 31 Jul 2021
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 65 years and older
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Older adult
Who may be able to join
- age of ≧ 65 years, (2) ability to travel to the location of the activities on their own (independent or partially dependent people with daily activities), and (3) willingness to participate in this activity intervention
Who cannot join
- Severe hearing or sensory deficits that cause communication barriers, (2) diagnosis of depression, and (3) hospitalization plans in the next three months.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
Taiwan1 site
National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
Taipei, 112303
About this study
Official title: Effects of the Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program on Resilience in Community-dwelling Older Adults: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method
Laughter programs are safe, affordable, and age-appropriate activities. Few studies have utilized mixed study designs to look at the impact on resilience in and experiences of participants in such activities.
Read the detailed description
A high level of resilience can also help to mitigate the negative effects of stress and promote personal adaptation. According to a prior study, the resilience scale can be used to screen and identify maladaptive people before they cause problems, allowing for the development of preventive interventions (Wells, 2012). Some researchers have used cross talk and laughter therapy in patients with depression and reported that the negative symptoms of their mental health were alleviated (Yoshikawa et al., 2019), and laughter therapy for disabled adolescents improved their resilience (Shinde, \& Kotekar, 2022). Another researcher discovered through interviews that older adults who laugh can maintain their personal health and age successfully (Lewis, 2021), but there is currently little research on how laughter affects the resilience of older adults.
Previous research applied laughter as a mental health-promoting activity, called the Laughter Qigong program, to promote mental health and generate positive effects on both physical and mental well-being (Hsieh et al., 2015). According to Kuru Alc, Zorba Bahceli, and Emirolu (2018), laughter intervention is risk-free, inexpensive, and beneficial for promoting the mental health of older adults. It has been used successfully with these people in long-term care facilities (Hsieh et al, 2015). The IB-LQP was administered twice weekly for four weeks to older adults living in institutions. It was discovered to have a positive impact on stress cortisol levels (Hsieh et al., 2015), as well as the ability to lessen death fear and enhance loneliness (Kuru Alc, Zorba Bahceli, \& Emirolu, 2018). The research on laughter-based interventions for community senior citizens is still in its early stages, and more research is needed to fully understand how senior citizens participate in locally tailored activities.
- Conditions
- Community-dwelling Older Adults
- Being tested
- Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program
- Keywords
- resilience, Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Integrated-based Laughing Qigong ProgramBehavioural
The protocol of the Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program (IB-LQP) combined laughter intervention and mental health promotion courses. It was a two-hour community activity held twice a week for six weeks. The content was 50-60 minutes of a laughter practice program and 50 minutes of mental health lectures, separated by a 10-minute break.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Active comparator | Experiment group A accepted the Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program (IB-LQP) During the intervention, the participants formed a standing circle and could make eye contact. The time was divided into 10 minutes of warm-up (deep breathing, stretching of muscles, expressing various emotions on the face, stretching of limbs) and 30-40 minutes of main exercise (Breathing and Laughing Qigong practice). The main exercise included using the natural breath of laughter to activate the body, turning a fake smile into a real smile and laughter, using different body movements at the same time, producing a variety of types of laughter, and conducting self-emotional awareness and emotional transformation drills to reduce the backlog. Receives: Behavioral: Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program |
| control group | No intervention | The control group received no intervention and was asked to maintain their current lifestyle for 6 weeks following the baseline test. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Chinese Version of the Resilience Scale
The content of the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale includes five levels: a meaningful life, a peaceful mind, self-confidence, an indomitable spirit, and acceptance of the loneliness of existence. The highest score is 7 points (extremely satisfied), and the lowest score is 1 point (extremely dissatisfied). A higher score indicates greater resilience (Ahern, Kiehl, Sole, and Byers, 2006). Psychometric assessment of this scale has supported its internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity as good, and many studies have confirmed that the scale is applicable to samples of all ages and races (Ahern, Kiehl, Sole, Byers, 2006). The Cronbach's α for internal consistency in this study was .91.
Measured: Pre-intervention(T0)
The Face Scale
The face scale is a nonverbal emotion scale used to evaluate students' participation in courses (Lorish and Maisiak, 1986). It has seven faces, with number one representing the happiest and number seven representing the saddest. Before and after taking the " IB-LQP " course, the participants chose the facial scale that best represented their mood. This scale is appropriate for assessing emotions after older adults participate in activities and has high reliability (Hsieh et al., 2015).
Measured: Pre-intervention(T0)
Chinese Version of the Resilience Scale
The content of the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale includes five levels: a meaningful life, a peaceful mind, self-confidence, an indomitable spirit, and acceptance of the loneliness of existence. The highest score is 7 points (extremely satisfied), and the lowest score is 1 point (extremely dissatisfied). A higher score indicates greater resilience (Ahern, Kiehl, Sole, and Byers, 2006). Psychometric assessment of this scale has supported its internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity as good, and many studies have confirmed that the scale is applicable to samples of all ages and races (Ahern, Kiehl, Sole, Byers, 2006). The Cronbach's α for internal consistency in this study was .91
Measured: 6-week after intervention (T1)
The Face Scale
The face scale is a nonverbal emotion scale used to evaluate students' participation in courses (Lorish and Maisiak, 1986). It has seven faces, with number one representing the happiest and number seven representing the saddest. Before and after taking the " IB-LQP " course, the participants chose the facial scale that best represented their mood. This scale is appropriate for assessing emotions after older adults participate in activities and has high reliability (Hsieh et al., 2015).
Measured: 6-week after intervention (T1)
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted22 Mar 2023
- Study start2 Jul 2019
- Primary completion30 Dec 2020
- Study completion31 Jul 2021
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (20)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for Community-dwelling Older AdultsStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Investigator, Outcomes assessor
- Enrolment
- 39 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Chia Jung Hsieh, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
- Investigators
- Chia Jung Hsieh, Principal investigator, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05779371
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- FJU-IRB C106177
- Status last verified
- Mar 2023
- First submitted
- 9 Mar 2023
- Last updated
- 22 Mar 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- No
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Bath PA, Deeg D. Social engagement and health outcomes among older people: introduction to a special section. Eur J Ageing. 2005 Mar;2(1):24-30. doi: 10.1007/s10433-005-0019-4. Epub 2005 Mar 9. No abstract available.
PubMed 28794713Ahern NR, Kiehl EM, Sole ML, Byers J. A review of instruments measuring resilience. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2006 Apr-Jun;29(2):103-25. doi: 10.1080/01460860600677643.
PubMed 16772239Bahari, K., & Lorica, J. D. 2019. The effects of laughter therapy on mental health: An integrative literature review. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN), 10(3), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2019.v10i03.008
Crane MF, Searle BJ, Kangas M, Nwiran Y. How resilience is strengthened by exposure to stressors: the systematic self-reflection model of resilience strengthening. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2019 Jan;32(1):1-17. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2018.1506640. Epub 2018 Aug 1.
PubMed 30067067Dyer JG, McGuinness TM. Resilience: analysis of the concept. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1996 Oct;10(5):276-82. doi: 10.1016/s0883-9417(96)80036-7.
PubMed 8897710Ellis JM, Ben-Moshe R, Teshuva K. Laughter yoga activities for older people living in residential aged care homes: A feasibility study. Australas J Ageing. 2017 Sep;36(3):E28-E31. doi: 10.1111/ajag.12447. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
PubMed 28699684Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91. doi: 10.3758/bf03193146.
PubMed 17695343Fetters MD, Curry LA, Creswell JW. Achieving integration in mixed methods designs-principles and practices. Health Serv Res. 2013 Dec;48(6 Pt 2):2134-56. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12117. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
PubMed 24279835Fontes AP, Neri AL. Resilience in aging: literature review. Cien Saude Colet. 2015 May;20(5):1475-95. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232015205.00502014. English, Portuguese.
PubMed 26017950Hsieh CJ, Chang C, Tsai G, Wu HF. Empirical study of the influence of a Laughing Qigong Program on long-term care residents. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2015 Feb;15(2):165-73. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12244. Epub 2014 Feb 18.
PubMed 24533887Ketefian S. Ethical considerations in research. Focus on vulnerable groups. Invest Educ Enferm. 2015;33(1):164-72. doi: 10.17533/udea.iee.v33n1a19.
PubMed 26148168Kilpatrick LA, Siddarth P, Milillo MM, Krause-Sorio B, Ercoli L, Narr KL, Lavretsky H. Impact of Tai Chi as an adjunct treatment on brain connectivity in geriatric depression. J Affect Disord. 2022 Oct 15;315:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.049. Epub 2022 Jul 26.
PubMed 35905792Kuru Alici N, Zorba Bahceli P, Emiroglu ON. The preliminary effects of laughter therapy on loneliness and death anxiety among older adults living in nursing homes: A nonrandomised pilot study. Int J Older People Nurs. 2018 Dec;13(4):e12206. doi: 10.1111/opn.12206. Epub 2018 Jul 13.
PubMed 30004172Kirmayer LJ, Pedersen D. Toward a new architecture for global mental health. Transcult Psychiatry. 2014 Dec;51(6):759-76. doi: 10.1177/1363461514557202. Epub 2014 Oct 30.
PubMed 25358524Kuiper, N.A. (2012). Theoretical Contributions Humor and Resiliency: Towards a Process Model of Coping and Growth. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 2012, Vol. 8(3), 475-491, doi:10.5964/ejop. v8i3.464
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 22 Mar 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of the Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program on Resilience in Community-dwelling Older Adults: An Explanatory Sequential Mixed Method
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05779371
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- FJU-IRB C106177
- Conditions
- Community-dwelling Older Adults
- Keywords
- resilience, Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 39 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- National Taipei University of Nursing and Health SciencesUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 2 Jul 2019 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 30 Dec 2020 (actual)
- Study completion
- 31 Jul 2021 (actual)
- First posted
- 22 Mar 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Laughter programs are safe, affordable, and age-appropriate activities. Few studies have utilized mixed study designs to look at the impact on resilience in and experiences of participants in such activities.
Detailed description
A high level of resilience can also help to mitigate the negative effects of stress and promote personal adaptation. According to a prior study, the resilience scale can be used to screen and identify maladaptive people before they cause problems, allowing for the development of preventive interventions (Wells, 2012). Some researchers have used cross talk and laughter therapy in patients with depression and reported that the negative symptoms of their mental health were alleviated (Yoshikawa et al., 2019), and laughter therapy for disabled adolescents improved their resilience (Shinde, \& Kotekar, 2022). Another researcher discovered through interviews that older adults who laugh can maintain their personal health and age successfully (Lewis, 2021), but there is currently little research on how laughter affects the resilience of older adults.
Previous research applied laughter as a mental health-promoting activity, called the Laughter Qigong program, to promote mental health and generate positive effects on both physical and mental well-being (Hsieh et al., 2015). According to Kuru Alc, Zorba Bahceli, and Emirolu (2018), laughter intervention is risk-free, inexpensive, and beneficial for promoting the mental health of older adults. It has been used successfully with these people in long-term care facilities (Hsieh et al, 2015). The IB-LQP was administered twice weekly for four weeks to older adults living in institutions. It was discovered to have a positive impact on stress cortisol levels (Hsieh et al., 2015), as well as the ability to lessen death fear and enhance loneliness (Kuru Alc, Zorba Bahceli, \& Emirolu, 2018). The research on laughter-based interventions for community senior citizens is still in its early stages, and more research is needed to fully understand how senior citizens participate in locally tailored activities.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Health services research
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, investigator, outcomes assessor)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Active comparator | Behavioral: Integrated-based Laughing Qigong ProgramExperiment group A accepted the Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program (IB-LQP) During the intervention, the participants formed a standing circle and could make eye contact. The time was divided into 10 minutes of warm-up (deep breathing, stretching of muscles, expressing various emotions on the face, stretching of limbs) and 30-40 minutes of main exercise (Breathing and Laughing Qigong practice). The main exercise included using the natural breath of laughter to activate the body, turning a fake smile into a real smile and laughter, using different body movements at the same time, producing a variety of types of laughter, and conducting self-emotional awareness and emotional transformation drills to reduce the backlog. |
| control group | No intervention | –The control group received no intervention and was asked to maintain their current lifestyle for 6 weeks following the baseline test. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 65 years and older
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- age of ≧ 65 years, (2) ability to travel to the location of the activities on their own (independent or partially dependent people with daily activities), and (3) willingness to participate in this activity intervention
Key exclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Severe hearing or sensory deficits that cause communication barriers, (2) diagnosis of depression, and (3) hospitalization plans in the next three months.
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Integrated-based Laughing Qigong ProgramThe protocol of the Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program (IB-LQP) combined laughter intervention and mental health promotion courses. It was a two-hour community activity held twice a week for six weeks. The content was 50-60 minutes of a laughter practice program and 50 minutes of mental health lectures, separated by a 10-minute break. | Behavioural | Experimental group |
Primary outcome
Chinese Version of the Resilience Scale
Time frame: Pre-intervention(T0)
The content of the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale includes five levels: a meaningful life, a peaceful mind, self-confidence, an indomitable spirit, and acceptance of the loneliness of existence. The highest score is 7 points (extremely satisfied), and the lowest score is 1 point (extremely dissatisfied). A higher score indicates greater resilience (Ahern, Kiehl, Sole, and Byers, 2006). Psychometric assessment of this scale has supported its internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity as good, and many studies have confirmed that the scale is applicable to samples of all ages and races (Ahern, Kiehl, Sole, Byers, 2006). The Cronbach's α for internal consistency in this study was .91.
The Face Scale
Time frame: Pre-intervention(T0)
The face scale is a nonverbal emotion scale used to evaluate students' participation in courses (Lorish and Maisiak, 1986). It has seven faces, with number one representing the happiest and number seven representing the saddest. Before and after taking the " IB-LQP " course, the participants chose the facial scale that best represented their mood. This scale is appropriate for assessing emotions after older adults participate in activities and has high reliability (Hsieh et al., 2015).
Chinese Version of the Resilience Scale
Time frame: 6-week after intervention (T1)
The content of the Chinese version of the Resilience Scale includes five levels: a meaningful life, a peaceful mind, self-confidence, an indomitable spirit, and acceptance of the loneliness of existence. The highest score is 7 points (extremely satisfied), and the lowest score is 1 point (extremely dissatisfied). A higher score indicates greater resilience (Ahern, Kiehl, Sole, and Byers, 2006). Psychometric assessment of this scale has supported its internal consistency reliability and concurrent validity as good, and many studies have confirmed that the scale is applicable to samples of all ages and races (Ahern, Kiehl, Sole, Byers, 2006). The Cronbach's α for internal consistency in this study was .91
The Face Scale
Time frame: 6-week after intervention (T1)
The face scale is a nonverbal emotion scale used to evaluate students' participation in courses (Lorish and Maisiak, 1986). It has seven faces, with number one representing the happiest and number seven representing the saddest. Before and after taking the " IB-LQP " course, the participants chose the facial scale that best represented their mood. This scale is appropriate for assessing emotions after older adults participate in activities and has high reliability (Hsieh et al., 2015).
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 22 Mar 2023.
- Background: PubMed 28794713Bath PA, Deeg D. Social engagement and health outcomes among older people: introduction to a special section. Eur J Ageing. 2005 Mar;2(1):24-30. doi: 10.1007/s10433-005-0019-4. Epub 2005 Mar 9. No abstract available.
- Results publication: PubMed 16772239Ahern NR, Kiehl EM, Sole ML, Byers J. A review of instruments measuring resilience. Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 2006 Apr-Jun;29(2):103-25. doi: 10.1080/01460860600677643.
- Results publicationBahari, K., & Lorica, J. D. 2019. The effects of laughter therapy on mental health: An integrative literature review. The Malaysian Journal of Nursing (MJN), 10(3), 55-61. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2019.v10i03.008
- Results publication: PubMed 30067067Crane MF, Searle BJ, Kangas M, Nwiran Y. How resilience is strengthened by exposure to stressors: the systematic self-reflection model of resilience strengthening. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2019 Jan;32(1):1-17. doi: 10.1080/10615806.2018.1506640. Epub 2018 Aug 1.
- Results publication: PubMed 8897710Dyer JG, McGuinness TM. Resilience: analysis of the concept. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 1996 Oct;10(5):276-82. doi: 10.1016/s0883-9417(96)80036-7.
- Results publication: PubMed 28699684Ellis JM, Ben-Moshe R, Teshuva K. Laughter yoga activities for older people living in residential aged care homes: A feasibility study. Australas J Ageing. 2017 Sep;36(3):E28-E31. doi: 10.1111/ajag.12447. Epub 2017 Jul 12.
- Results publication: PubMed 17695343Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods. 2007 May;39(2):175-91. doi: 10.3758/bf03193146.
- Results publication: PubMed 24279835Fetters MD, Curry LA, Creswell JW. Achieving integration in mixed methods designs-principles and practices. Health Serv Res. 2013 Dec;48(6 Pt 2):2134-56. doi: 10.1111/1475-6773.12117. Epub 2013 Oct 23.
- Results publication: PubMed 26017950Fontes AP, Neri AL. Resilience in aging: literature review. Cien Saude Colet. 2015 May;20(5):1475-95. doi: 10.1590/1413-81232015205.00502014. English, Portuguese.
- Results publication: PubMed 24533887Hsieh CJ, Chang C, Tsai G, Wu HF. Empirical study of the influence of a Laughing Qigong Program on long-term care residents. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2015 Feb;15(2):165-73. doi: 10.1111/ggi.12244. Epub 2014 Feb 18.
- Results publication: PubMed 26148168Ketefian S. Ethical considerations in research. Focus on vulnerable groups. Invest Educ Enferm. 2015;33(1):164-72. doi: 10.17533/udea.iee.v33n1a19.
- Results publication: PubMed 35905792Kilpatrick LA, Siddarth P, Milillo MM, Krause-Sorio B, Ercoli L, Narr KL, Lavretsky H. Impact of Tai Chi as an adjunct treatment on brain connectivity in geriatric depression. J Affect Disord. 2022 Oct 15;315:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.049. Epub 2022 Jul 26.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
Related trials for Community-dwelling Older Adults
Not yet recruiting
Comparative Effects of Exercises on Reactive Balance and Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS
Not yet recruiting
Motor Imagery and Turning Practice to Improve Mobility: Pilot Trial
Mobility Impairment, Community Dwelling Older Adults
Enrolling by invitationObservational study
Intrinsic Capacity, Resilience, and Meaning in Life in Community-Dwelling Midlife and Older Adults
Healthy Ageing, Community-dwelling Older Adults
Not yet recruiting
Smart Nursing AI Agent for Health Self-Management
Mobility Limitations, Community-dwelling Older Adults
Not yet recruiting
Resilience-Building Intervention for Older Informal Caregivers
Resilience, Psychological, Older Adults (60 - 85 Years Old)
Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Chia Jung Hsieh principal investigator
National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Integrated-based Laughing Qigong Program in people with Community-dwelling Older Adults, run by National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences at 1 site in Taiwan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 1 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 22 Mar 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Taiwan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Chinese Version of the Resilience Scale (time frame: Pre-intervention(T0)). The study lists 4 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05779371, which also lists 20 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 22 Mar 2023; AzTrials last refreshed its copy on 6 Nov 2026.