AzTrials
AzTrials

Systemic InfectionNCT05841875

Efficacy and Safety of a Protocol Using C-reactive Protein to Guide Antibiotic Therapy

A study testing C reactive protein algorithm in people with Systemic Infection, run by Federal University of Minas Gerais at 1 site in Brazil.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
Search all trials

Trial summary

The growing resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials is a major threat to public health nowadays. Reducing the consumption of antibiotics is one of the main strategies to control this issue. Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older
Conditions the study is for
Systemic Infection
What is being tested?
C reactive protein algorithm
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
110 participants
Where
1 siteBrazil
Study dates
3 Apr 2023to 30 Oct 2024
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • No healthy volunteers
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Patients over 18 years of age,
  • Clinical suspicion or microbiological confirmation of bacterial infection, with initiation of antibiotic therapy in the last 72 hours.
  • Signing of the free and informed consent term by the patient or companion if the patient is unable to sign it (Annex 1).
  • Patient admitted to the unit participating in the study.

Who cannot join

  • HIV-infected patients with a CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3; neutropenic with neutrophil count < 500 cells/mm3; solid organ or bone marrow transplants; patients who received chemotherapy in the last 14 days at high risk of febrile neutropenia (> 20%), defined by the assistant team responsible for the treatment of the neoplasm; use of immunosuppressants, such as cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, cyclosporine, rituximab, tacrolimus, sirolimus or TNF inhibitors; use of corticosteroid therapy at a dose greater than 0.5mg/Kg of prednisone (or equivalent) over the last 30 days or pulse therapy in the last 14 days with these drugs; primary immunodeficiency (eg, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, common variable immunodeficiency) or patients with another condition that determines a clear impairment of immunological defenses, whether humoral, cellular or mixed.
  • Conditions that require prolonged antibiotic therapy (infective endocarditis, necrotizing pneumonia, deep abscesses, osteomyelitis, complicated soft tissue infections, S. aureus bacteremia, among others), identified before randomization (ie, up to 72 hours of antibiotic therapy) .
  • Patients with the perspective of hospital discharge in less than 72 hours from inclusion.
  • Patients in exclusive palliative care.
  • Patients with life expectancy < 24h.

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

Brazil1 site
  • Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais

    Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 30130100

Other trials in Brazil

About this study

Official title: Efficacy and Safety of a Protocol Using C-reactive Protein to Guide Antibiotic Therapy Applied Through a Digital Clinical Decision Support Tool: a Randomized Clinical Trial

The growing resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobials is a major threat to public health nowadays. Reducing the consumption of antibiotics is one of the main strategies to control this issue. Protocols using biomarkers to guide antimicrobial therapy have been studied, with promising results in safely reducing patient exposure to these drugs by reducing duration of treatments. Procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) represent the most promising biomarkers in this context. Although less studied, CRP has the potential advantages of lower cost and wide availability when compared to PCT. However, decision algorithms involving biomarkers proposed in studies published so far are very far from daily medical practice in hospitals, mainly because there is poor accessibility to these protocols, and because most of them do not contemplate each patients clinical variables. The objective of this project is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a multimodal protocol using clinical variables and the CRP value to guide antibiotic therapy in hospitalized patients. This protocol will be applied diretcly by the assistant medical teams through a digital clinical decision support tool available in the form of an application for mobile devices developed by the research team.

Read the detailed description

The research team will perform a randomized, controlled, concurrent, open, single-center clinical trial. The proposed intervention is the application of a protocol that uses clinical variables and the CRP value to guide the duration of antibiotic therapy in patients with suspected or confirmed bacterial infection. As for the control group, the duration of antibiotic therapy will be suggested according to the best available evidence, considering the primary site of infection and other characteristics of this process. For both groups, the study protocol will be applied through a digital application for use on smartphones or tablets, developed specifically for this project. Participants will be adults admitted to the internal medicine ward of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (HC-UFMG), for whom the assistant physician team has started antibiotic therapy in the last 72 hours. Patients will be allocated after signing a free and informed consent form. Follow-up will be carried out until hospital discharge, death or 90 days, whichever occurs first. The project was submitted for consideration to the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (COEP-UFMG) and approved. As primary outcome, the duration of antibiotic therapy will be evaluated for the infectious episode that motivated inclusion in the study. Duration of antibiotic therapy will be measured by antimicrobial days (defined by the aggregate of days a specific antimicrobial agent was administered to an individual patient) per 1000 present days (defined by the length of time during which a given patient is at risk for antimicrobial exposure at a given institution). As secondary outcomes, the investigators will assess total exposure to antimicrobials, antibiotic-free days, user satisfaction after using the digital tool, protocol adherence rate, length of stay, estimated cost of antimicrobial therapy, all-cause hospital mortality, therapeutic failure, reinfection rate, subsequent infections with multidrug-resistant microorganisms, Clostridioides difficile infection.

Being tested
C reactive protein algorithm
Keywords
Systemic infection, Sepsis, Biomarkers, C reactive protein, Antibiotic, Antibiotic stewardship
Medical subject headings
Toxemia, Sepsis

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • C reactive protein algorithmOther

    Antibiotic therapy discontinuation will be encouraged under the following conditions:

    If the peak CRP is below 100 mg/L: Consider stopping antibiotics when CRP falls below 35 mg/L, with a minimum treatment duration of 3 days.

    If the peak CRP is above 100 mg/L or the patient meets criteria for sepsis or septic shock: Consider stopping antibiotics when CRP has decreased by 50%, after a minimum of 5 days.

    If the patient does not meet the CRP criteria: Antibiotic discontinuation will be recommended after 5-7 days, provided there is clinical improvement.

    Before discontinuing antibiotic therapy, physicians should confirm that the patient is clinically improving, with no signs of a persistent infectious focus. Additionally, they will be encouraged to verify that the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score is stable or decreasing. These factors will assist in determining the appropriateness of stopping antibiotics.

Study groups in NCT05841875
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Intervention group - C reactive proteinExperimentalFor patients in the intervention group, attending physicians will be encouraged to follow an algorithm that uses clinical variables and serum CRP levels to guide the duration of antibiotic therapy. The peak CRP is defined as the highest value recorded within the first 72 hours of treatment. Antibiotic therapy discontinuation will be encouraged under the following conditions: If the peak CRP is below 100 mg/L: Consider stopping antibiotics when CRP falls below 35 mg/L, with a minimum treatment duration of 3 days. If the peak CRP is above 100 mg/L or the patient meets criteria for sepsis or septic shock: Consider stopping antibiotics when CRP has decreased by 50%, after a minimum of 5 days. If the patient does not meet the CRP criteria: Antibiotic discontinuation will be recommended after 5-7 days, provided there is clinical improvement.
Receives: Other: C reactive protein algorithm
Control group: Best practiceNo interventionFor patients in the control group, the attending physician will be encouraged to determine the duration of antimicrobial therapy based on the best available evidence, taking into account the most likely infectious focus and the patient's clinical response. These recommendations will be guided by international society guidelines and established best practices for antibiotic therapy. Additionally, it is recommended that CRP monitoring in the control group be discontinued after 72 hours of antibiotic therapy, as this period is considered sufficient for using CRP as a biomarker to assist in diagnosing the infectious condition.

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Duration of antibiotic therapy

    Duration of antibiotic therapy for the index infectious episode (the one that prompted inclusion in the study), measured in days.

    Measured: From enrollment to the end of treatment.

Secondary outcomes (10)
  1. Total exposure to antimicrobials

    Total antimicrobial exposure, defined as the number of days of antibiotic exposure considering all therapeutic cycles during patient follow-up, measured in Antimicrobial days / days of follow-up x 1,000. Antimicrobial days = total number of days antibiotics were given. If a patient is on 2 antibiotics, both are counted (i.e., the number of days for both drugs are added together). Days of follow-up = sum of days of follow-up in the study.

    Measured: 90 days

  2. Antibiotic-free days

    Defined by the ratio of the number of days of follow-up without the use of antibiotics by the number of days of follow-up in total, corrected by a denominator of 100.

    Measured: 90 days

  3. Length of hospital stay

    Measured in days.

    Measured: 90 days

  4. Cost estimate of antimicrobial therapy.

    Considering Brazilian market prices.

    Measured: 2 years

  5. Adherence rate to the protocol in both the intervention and control groups.

    The research team will closely monitor the daily progress of patients in each group, and will actively encourage adherence to the protocol associated with the respective group. For the intervention group, this may involve explaining the benefits of following the new algorithm, while for the control group, it may focus on adherence to the standard care. Any deviations from the algorithm will be noted for analysis.

    Measured: 90 days

  6. All-cause 90 days mortality

    All-cause 90 days mortality.

    Measured: 90 days

  7. Therapeutic failure

    Defined as persistence or recurrence of signs and symptoms of the same focus of infection that motivates resumption of antibiotic therapy in less than 48 hours after suspension.

    Measured: 2 days

  8. Reinfection rate

    Defined as a new episode of infection with a different focus or with isolation of new microorganisms or after 48 hours of discontinuation of antibiotic therapy directed at the initial infectious condition.

    Measured: 90 days

  9. Subsequent infections by multidrug-resistant microorganisms

    Measured by the ratio of cultured isolates per 100 patients.

    Measured: 90 days

  10. Clostridioides difficile infection

    Measured by diagnostic methods avaiable in Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.

    Measured: 90 days

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted3 May 2023
  2. Study start3 Apr 2023
  3. Primary completion30 Oct 2024
  4. Study completion30 Oct 2024

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Treatment
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Model description
Parallel Assignment
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
110 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05841875
Sponsor's protocol ID
BIO.RAP
Status last verified
Jul 2025
First submitted
28 Mar 2023
Last updated
12 Aug 2025
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
Yes: The project will collect individual clinical and laboratory data from 200 patients, extracted from electronic medical records via the Aplicativo de Gestão para Hospitais Universitários (AGHU, 2009) and laboratory results from the MatrixNet system (MATRIXSAUDE, 2020). In addition, 3 to 5 serum aliquots of 0.5 ml each will be collected from each patient after informed consent is obtained. These aliquots will be stored for potential future analyses by the research team. Clinical and laboratory data will be securely stored using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) platform (Vanderbilt University, Nashville, USA, 2004). The serum samples will be preserved in a -80°C freezer in a biorepository that complies with the Institutional Biorepository Regulations. The biorepository will be housed at the School of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), located at Av. Prof. Alfredo Balena, 190, Belo Horizonte - MG, CEP 30130-100.

Publications

  • Borges I, Carneiro R, Bergo R, Martins L, Colosimo E, Oliveira C, Saturnino S, Andrade MV, Ravetti C, Nobre V; NIIMI - Nucleo Interdisciplinar de Investigacao em Medicina Intensiva. Duration of antibiotic therapy in critically ill patients: a randomized controlled trial of a clinical and C-reactive protein-based protocol versus an evidence-based best practice strategy without biomarkers. Crit Care. 2020 Jun 1;24(1):281. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-02946-y.

    PubMed 32487263
  • Rezende VMLR, Borges IN, Ravetti CG, De Souza RP, Vassalo PF, Caldas ACP, Gatto FR, Okamura GH, Lacerda RLB, Povoa PR, Nobre V. Efficacy and safety of an algorithm using C-reactive protein to guide antibiotic therapy applied through a digital clinical decision support system: a study protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial. BMJ Open. 2025 Jan 27;15(1):e084981. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084981.

    PubMed 39870501

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing C reactive protein algorithm in people with Systemic Infection, run by Federal University of Minas Gerais at 1 site in Brazil.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 5 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 12 Aug 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in Brazil. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Duration of antibiotic therapy (time frame: From enrollment to the end of treatment.). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05841875, which also lists 2 linked publications.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 12 Aug 2025.

Free account

Log in to keep searching

You’ve used your 3 free searches. AzTrials is free: log in or create a free account to keep searching clinical trials and save the ones you want to follow.

Create a free accountLog in