Self AcupressureNCT05842265
The Effect of Self Acupressure Application on Pain, Fatigue and Sleep Quality in Multiple Myeloma Patients
A study testing Self acupressure in people with Self Acupressure and Sleep, run by Ataturk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
Trial summary
Multiple Myeloma occurs with damaging bone lesion, hypercalcemia, anemia and renal failure as a result of secretion of monoclonal protein in serum and/or urea and accumulation of plasma cells. The most common symptoms at the time of diagnosis are; fatigue, insomnia, bone pain and recurrent infections. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 80 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Self Acupressure, Sleep, Fatigue
- What is being tested?
- Self acupressure
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 60 participants
- Where
- 1 siteTurkey (Türkiye)
- Study dates
- 24 Jun 2023to 25 Jun 2024
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 80 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult, Older adult
Who may be able to join
- Having a scale score of >5 on the Piper Fatigue Scale Having a score of >5 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale Pain severity is 5 points or higher according to the Visual Analog Scale
- Exclusion criteria; Using acupressure and similar integrative treatment methods, Having a verbal communication disability (hearing and speaking), Having a diagnosed psychiatric disorder,
Who cannot join
None listed.
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Multiple Myeloma occurs with damaging bone lesion, hypercalcemia, anemia and renal failure as a result of secretion of monoclonal protein in serum and/or urea and accumulation of plasma cells. The most common symptoms at the time of diagnosis are; fatigue, insomnia, bone pain and recurrent infections. In multiple myeloma patients, pain, fatigue and sleep problems are conditions that significantly affect the daily life activities of the individual and require planned nursing interventions for the solution. In this challenging process, a holistic approach should be adopted while planning the care practices of the patients, and non-pharmacological practices should be planned, which will enable the patient to perform the activities of daily life with minimum energy and maximum function. Acupressure, one of the non-pharmacological applications, is a complementary medicine method that ensures the proper functioning of the energy channels by applying pressure to the points on the energy-carrying meridians (these points are the same as acupuncture points) with fingers, palms or wrist bands without using needles, unlike acupuncture. In the literature, it is stated that acupressure is a pain-relieving, relaxing analgesic and immune system-strengthening supportive method rather than its therapeutic effect, and it relieves insomnia and fatigue and relieves the person. In addition, within the scope of the harmonization model; By teaching acupressure to patients by nurses, patients can be actively involved in their own symptom management. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the effect of self-acupressure applied to patients with multiple myeloma on pain, fatigue and sleep quality.
The research will be conducted as a randomized, experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group. The sample of the study will consist of 52 Multiple Myeloma patients, 26 experimental and 26 control groups, who met the research criteria and accepted the study, between August 2022 and January 2023, in Hematology Clinic and Polyclinic of Fırat University Hospital. Patients in the experimental group will be asked to perform self-acupressure by showing and teaching the LI4, HT 7, ST36 and SP6 acupressure points by the researcher. Depending on the preparation and compression time on these 4 points, the patients will be asked to perform a total of 16 sessions for 4 weeks, for a total of 18 minutes, 2 days a week in the morning and afternoon. The 1st measurement will be obtained by applying the Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale "Pitssburg Sleep Quality Index (PUKI)" and Piper Fatigue Scale" to the patients in the experimental group at the pre-test stage before the application. After 4 weeks, the Pitssburg Sleep Quality Index (PUKI) and The second measurement will be obtained by applying the "Piper Fatigue Scale" again. No application will be made to the patients in the control group. In the pre-test phase, the 1st measurement will be obtained by applying only the Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, Pitssburg Sleep Quality Index (PUKI) and Piper Fatigue Scale. After 4 weeks, in the post-test phase, the second measurement will be obtained by re-applying the other forms except the Patient Information Form. The data will be analyzed using the SPSS 23 program. Shapiro Wilk test, t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test and Chi-square analysis will be used in the analysis of the data.
Read the detailed description
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease characterized by monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells (1). Plasma cells proliferate in the bone marrow and cause extensive damage to the skeletal system, often with osteolytic lesions, osteopenia, and/or pathological fractures. Anemia is a malignant disease characterized by the presence of monoclonal protein in serum and urine, hypercalcemia, and renal failure (1).
Multiple Myeloma is a disease of advanced age. The mean age at diagnosis of the patients is 66. It constitutes 1% of all malignancies and 10% of hematological malignancies (2). Although its etiology is not known exactly, it is thought that obesity, smoking, diet, radiation, immune system and environmental factors may be responsible (3).
Plasma cells develop from B lymphocytes (4). Bone marrow microenvironment is important in the development of Multiple Myeloma. Advanced stage memory B cell/plasmablast, which has provided the isotypic change of Immune globulin (Ig) in the germinal center, is the premyeloma cell in which the oncogenic effect begins. It then settles in the bone marrow a second oncogenic effect occurs in the cell (5). Multiple Myeloma is a disease with a wide clinical spectrum. Symptoms and signs related to anemia, radicular back and low back pain due to pathological vertebral fractures, bone pain due to osteolytic lesions, pathological fractures, peripheral polyneuropathy, renal failure, hypercalcemia, hyperviscosity syndrome, thrombosis and bleeding tendency, infection can be seen in patients (6). It is evaluated whether the patient is a candidate for autologous stem cell transplantation (OKHN) in the treatment of Multiple Myeloma. In young patients with MM, high-dose chemotherapy and OKHN are applied as standard treatment. OKHN increases cure rates, prolongs progression-free and overall survival (7). The application of a triple combination containing bortezomib is used as a standard in induction therapy in international myeloma centers (7,8). Depending on their physical condition and specific complications, patients who are not suitable for stem cell transplantation are treated differently.treatment options are available. Treatment options including bortezomib in patients with renal insufficiency and lenalidomide in patients with neuropathy can be given (9). There is usually no cure in Multiple Myeloma, the majority of patients receive second-line and other-line treatments.
- Conditions
- Self Acupressure, Sleep, Fatigue
- Being tested
- Self acupressure
- Medical subject headings
- Fatigue
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Self acupressureOther
patients will do self acupressure
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental: | Experimental | Self acupressure Receives: Other: Self acupressure |
| Control | No intervention | Routine maintenance will be applied. |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Pitssburg Sleep Quality Index
It was developed by Buysse et al. (1989) (34). The scale is a safe and consistent questionnaire that evaluates the amount of sleep, sleep quality, presence and severity of sleep disorders in individuals in the last month. It was adapted into Turkish by Ağargün et al. (1996) (35). There are seven components in PUKI. These components are subjective sleep quality (component 1), sleep latency (component 2), sleep duration (component 3), habitual sleep efficiency (component 4), sleep disturbance (component 5), sleep medication use (component 6) and daytime dysfunction. (component 7). The evaluation score of each item is between 0-3. The total score obtained varies between 0-21. The higher the score, the worse the sleep quality.
Measured: 4 week
Piper Fatigue Scale
The Piper Fatigue Scale was developed in 1987 by Piper et al. It was developed by.The Turkish validity and reliability study of the scale was conducted by Can in 2001 (37). The scale evaluates the individual's subjective perception of fatigue in four sub-dimensions. These; behavior/violence sub-dimension evaluating the effect and severity of fatigue on activities of daily living (ADLs (6 items; 2-7); affect sub-dimension, which includes the emotional meaning attributed to fatigue (5 items; 8-12); it is the sensory sub-dimension (5 items; 13-17) that reflects the mental, physical and emotional symptoms of fatigue, and the cognitive/spiritual sub-dimension that reflects the effect of fatigue on cognitive functions and mental state (6 items; 18-23). As a result of the average score; 0 points are interpreted as no fatigue, 1-3 points as mild fatigue, 4-6 points as moderate fatigue, 7-10 points as severe fatigue.
Measured: 4 week
Visual Analog Scale
Patients are asked to show the intensity of pain on a 10 cm long vertical or horizontal line during activity or rest. It has numbered shapes ranging from 1-10. The line has 0 at the beginning and 10 at the end. 10 means unbearable pain, 0 means no pain. The VAS scale is frequently used in the evaluation of pain severity. While the patient marks the pain he/she has felt on this line, each point marked is measured in cm.
Measured: 4 week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted6 May 2023
- Study start24 Jun 2023
- Primary completion20 Mar 2024
- Study completion25 Jun 2024
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for Self AcupressureStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- More trials run by Ataturk UniversityThe sponsor's other registered studies.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Ataturk University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Gülcan Bahçecioğlu Turan, Ataturk University
- Investigators
- Gülcan B.TURAN, Principal investigator, Elazığ /Merkez/Turkey/23000
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05842265
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 2022/ 15- 43
- Status last verified
- Jan 2025
- First submitted
- 24 Apr 2023
- Last updated
- 29 Jan 2025
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 29 Jan 2025. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- The Effect of Self Acupressure Application on Pain, Fatigue and Sleep Quality in Multiple Myeloma Patients
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05842265
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 2022/ 15- 43
- Conditions
- Self Acupressure, Sleep, Fatigue
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 60 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Ataturk UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 24 Jun 2023 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 20 Mar 2024 (actual)
- Study completion
- 25 Jun 2024 (actual)
- First posted
- 6 May 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Multiple Myeloma occurs with damaging bone lesion, hypercalcemia, anemia and renal failure as a result of secretion of monoclonal protein in serum and/or urea and accumulation of plasma cells. The most common symptoms at the time of diagnosis are; fatigue, insomnia, bone pain and recurrent infections. In multiple myeloma patients, pain, fatigue and sleep problems are conditions that significantly affect the daily life activities of the individual and require planned nursing interventions for the solution. In this challenging process, a holistic approach should be adopted while planning the care practices of the patients, and non-pharmacological practices should be planned, which will enable the patient to perform the activities of daily life with minimum energy and maximum function. Acupressure, one of the non-pharmacological applications, is a complementary medicine method that ensures the proper functioning of the energy channels by applying pressure to the points on the energy-carrying meridians (these points are the same as acupuncture points) with fingers, palms or wrist bands without using needles, unlike acupuncture. In the literature, it is stated that acupressure is a pain-relieving, relaxing analgesic and immune system-strengthening supportive method rather than its therapeutic effect, and it relieves insomnia and fatigue and relieves the person. In addition, within the scope of the harmonization model; By teaching acupressure to patients by nurses, patients can be actively involved in their own symptom management. Therefore, this study was planned to evaluate the effect of self-acupressure applied to patients with multiple myeloma on pain, fatigue and sleep quality.
The research will be conducted as a randomized, experimental study with a pretest-posttest control group. The sample of the study will consist of 52 Multiple Myeloma patients, 26 experimental and 26 control groups, who met the research criteria and accepted the study, between August 2022 and January 2023, in Hematology Clinic and Polyclinic of Fırat University Hospital. Patients in the experimental group will be asked to perform self-acupressure by showing and teaching the LI4, HT 7, ST36 and SP6 acupressure points by the researcher. Depending on the preparation and compression time on these 4 points, the patients will be asked to perform a total of 16 sessions for 4 weeks, for a total of 18 minutes, 2 days a week in the morning and afternoon. The 1st measurement will be obtained by applying the Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale "Pitssburg Sleep Quality Index (PUKI)" and Piper Fatigue Scale" to the patients in the experimental group at the pre-test stage before the application. After 4 weeks, the Pitssburg Sleep Quality Index (PUKI) and The second measurement will be obtained by applying the "Piper Fatigue Scale" again. No application will be made to the patients in the control group. In the pre-test phase, the 1st measurement will be obtained by applying only the Patient Information Form, Visual Analog Scale, Pitssburg Sleep Quality Index (PUKI) and Piper Fatigue Scale. After 4 weeks, in the post-test phase, the second measurement will be obtained by re-applying the other forms except the Patient Information Form. The data will be analyzed using the SPSS 23 program. Shapiro Wilk test, t test, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon test and Chi-square analysis will be used in the analysis of the data.
Detailed description
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a disease characterized by monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of immunoglobulin-producing plasma cells (1). Plasma cells proliferate in the bone marrow and cause extensive damage to the skeletal system, often with osteolytic lesions, osteopenia, and/or pathological fractures. Anemia is a malignant disease characterized by the presence of monoclonal protein in serum and urine, hypercalcemia, and renal failure (1).
Multiple Myeloma is a disease of advanced age. The mean age at diagnosis of the patients is 66. It constitutes 1% of all malignancies and 10% of hematological malignancies (2). Although its etiology is not known exactly, it is thought that obesity, smoking, diet, radiation, immune system and environmental factors may be responsible (3).
Plasma cells develop from B lymphocytes (4). Bone marrow microenvironment is important in the development of Multiple Myeloma. Advanced stage memory B cell/plasmablast, which has provided the isotypic change of Immune globulin (Ig) in the germinal center, is the premyeloma cell in which the oncogenic effect begins. It then settles in the bone marrow a second oncogenic effect occurs in the cell (5). Multiple Myeloma is a disease with a wide clinical spectrum. Symptoms and signs related to anemia, radicular back and low back pain due to pathological vertebral fractures, bone pain due to osteolytic lesions, pathological fractures, peripheral polyneuropathy, renal failure, hypercalcemia, hyperviscosity syndrome, thrombosis and bleeding tendency, infection can be seen in patients (6). It is evaluated whether the patient is a candidate for autologous stem cell transplantation (OKHN) in the treatment of Multiple Myeloma. In young patients with MM, high-dose chemotherapy and OKHN are applied as standard treatment. OKHN increases cure rates, prolongs progression-free and overall survival (7). The application of a triple combination containing bortezomib is used as a standard in induction therapy in international myeloma centers (7,8). Depending on their physical condition and specific complications, patients who are not suitable for stem cell transplantation are treated differently.treatment options are available. Treatment options including bortezomib in patients with renal insufficiency and lenalidomide in patients with neuropathy can be given (9). There is usually no cure in Multiple Myeloma, the majority of patients receive second-line and other-line treatments.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Supportive care
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Experimental: | Experimental | Other: Self acupressureSelf acupressure |
| Control | No intervention | –Routine maintenance will be applied. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 80 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult, Older adult
Key inclusion criteria (2 listed)
- Having a scale score of >5 on the Piper Fatigue Scale Having a score of >5 on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Scale Pain severity is 5 points or higher according to the Visual Analog Scale
- Exclusion criteria; Using acupressure and similar integrative treatment methods, Having a verbal communication disability (hearing and speaking), Having a diagnosed psychiatric disorder,
Key exclusion criteria (0 listed)
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Self acupressurepatients will do self acupressure | Other | Experimental: |
Primary outcome
Pitssburg Sleep Quality Index
Time frame: 4 week
It was developed by Buysse et al. (1989) (34). The scale is a safe and consistent questionnaire that evaluates the amount of sleep, sleep quality, presence and severity of sleep disorders in individuals in the last month. It was adapted into Turkish by Ağargün et al. (1996) (35). There are seven components in PUKI. These components are subjective sleep quality (component 1), sleep latency (component 2), sleep duration (component 3), habitual sleep efficiency (component 4), sleep disturbance (component 5), sleep medication use (component 6) and daytime dysfunction. (component 7). The evaluation score of each item is between 0-3. The total score obtained varies between 0-21. The higher the score, the worse the sleep quality.
Piper Fatigue Scale
Time frame: 4 week
The Piper Fatigue Scale was developed in 1987 by Piper et al. It was developed by.The Turkish validity and reliability study of the scale was conducted by Can in 2001 (37). The scale evaluates the individual's subjective perception of fatigue in four sub-dimensions. These; behavior/violence sub-dimension evaluating the effect and severity of fatigue on activities of daily living (ADLs (6 items; 2-7); affect sub-dimension, which includes the emotional meaning attributed to fatigue (5 items; 8-12); it is the sensory sub-dimension (5 items; 13-17) that reflects the mental, physical and emotional symptoms of fatigue, and the cognitive/spiritual sub-dimension that reflects the effect of fatigue on cognitive functions and mental state (6 items; 18-23). As a result of the average score; 0 points are interpreted as no fatigue, 1-3 points as mild fatigue, 4-6 points as moderate fatigue, 7-10 points as severe fatigue.
Visual Analog Scale
Time frame: 4 week
Patients are asked to show the intensity of pain on a 10 cm long vertical or horizontal line during activity or rest. It has numbered shapes ranging from 1-10. The line has 0 at the beginning and 10 at the end. 10 means unbearable pain, 0 means no pain. The VAS scale is frequently used in the evaluation of pain severity. While the patient marks the pain he/she has felt on this line, each point marked is measured in cm.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 29 Jan 2025.
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Gülcan B.TURAN principal investigator
Elazığ /Merkez/Turkey/23000
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Self acupressure in people with Self Acupressure and Sleep, run by Ataturk University at 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye).
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 2 inclusion and 0 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 29 Jan 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Turkey (Türkiye). Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Pitssburg Sleep Quality Index (time frame: 4 week). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 29 Jan 2025.