HealthyNCT05854771
Effects Of Yoga Before vs After Eccentric Exercise On Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness
A study testing Single bout of yoga before eccentric exercise and Single bout of yoga after eccentric exercise in people with Healthy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
Trial summary
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the effects of pre and post-exercise yoga after eccentric exercise on delayed onset muscle soreness in healthy adults. The main question it aims to answer is whether there will be a difference in the effects of pre and post-exercise yoga in reducing delayed muscle… Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 18 to 30 yearsHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- Healthy
- What is being tested?
- Single bout of yoga before eccentric exercise and Single bout of yoga after eccentric exercise
- Could I receive a placebo?
- No, everyone receives an active treatment
- How many people
- 42 participants
- Where
- 1 sitePakistan
- Study dates
- 28 Oct 2022to 8 Jul 2023
- Phase
- Interventional
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 18 to 30 years
- All sexes
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Adult
Who may be able to join
- Untrained men and women
- Aged between 18-30 years
- Body mass index less than 30
- Asymptomatic of disease and illness
Who cannot join
- Any injury in the arms and/or legs that caused a visit to a medical provider
- Participants who are unable to perform any of the yoga pose.
- High blood pressure
- Pregnant
- Diabetes
- Any nerve, muscle, or joint disorder
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
About this study
Official title: Effects of Single Bout of Yoga Before vs After Eccentric Exercise on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness.
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the effects of pre and post-exercise yoga after eccentric exercise on delayed onset muscle soreness in healthy adults. The main question it aims to answer is whether there will be a difference in the effects of pre and post-exercise yoga in reducing delayed muscle soreness. The participants will be divided into two groups; group A and group B. Group A will perform single bout of yoga before the eccentric exercise and Group B will perform single bout of yoga after eccentric exercise.
Read the detailed description
Delayed onset muscle soreness is a multifactorial well-known phenomenon associated with swelling, tenderness, altered joint kinematics, muscle fiber disruption, acute tissue damage, decreased strength and power, and stiffness. Delayed onset muscle soreness are experienced by both elite and novice athletes after exposure to unaccustomed or strenuous exercise that particularly involves eccentric contractions. The symptoms can range from mild muscle tenderness to severe agonizing pain. According to the "Munich Consensus Statement", Delayed onset muscle soreness is an overexertion-functional muscle disorder that involves type Ib fibers. The intensity of discomfort and soreness associated with delayed onset muscle soreness depends on the level of fitness, type, and repetitions of exercise performed with eccentric exercises resulting in micro injury at a greater frequency and severity in comparison to other exercises. The intensity of delayed onset muscle soreness increases within the first 24 hours and peaks between 24-72 hours. The symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness subside within 5-7 days after the exercise and thus differ from normal muscle soreness that occurs immediately after the exercise. Although delayed onset muscle soreness is considered a mild type of muscle injury, however; it can affect athletic performance to a great level by causing a reduction in joint range of motion, shock attenuation, and peak torque. Numerous treatment strategies have been used lately to reduce the incidence of delayed onset muscle soreness including hyperbaric oxygen, anti-inflammatory medication, massage, cryotherapy, homeopathy, stretching, electrotherapeutic modalities, ultrasound, rest, light exercise, and yoga. Yoga is a process of physical and mental reconditioning that involves simple meditation, the adoption of certain postures, and breath control. The various health benefits associated with yoga include improved flexibility and balance, muscle strength, skeletal muscle oxygen uptake, lung function, pain relief, and lower stress levels. Depending upon the type, intensity, and the number of repetitions of exercise various yoga poses can be performed before and after eccentric exercises as a warmup or a cool-down procedure to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness.
The current study is aimed to fill the literature gap by finding the difference in the effects of pre and post-exercise yoga poses in reducing delayed onset muscle soreness. This study will provide a guide to elite and novice athletes to effectively incorporate yoga poses in their exercise protocol to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness that results in decreased performance.
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Being tested
- Single bout of yoga before eccentric exercise, Single bout of yoga after eccentric exercise
- Keywords
- Visual Analog Scale, Exercise, Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Yoga, Eccentric exercise, Range Of motion
- Medical subject headings
- Motor Activity
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
Single bout of yoga before eccentric exerciseOther
The participants will perform a single bout of the following 5 yoga poses; Child's pose, Thread the needle pose, Eagle arms, Cow face pose, Hands overhead in wide-legged forward bend before the eccentric exercise designed to induce delayed onset muscle soreness for a total time duration of 20-30 minutes. The participants will be asked to breathe and hold each yoga pose for 6-8 breaths. For induction of delayed onset muscle soreness, one repetition maximum of each participant will be calculated first, and on the basis of one repetition maximum the participants will perform 6 sets of 10 repetitions of the eccentric drills of elbow and knee flexors and extensors with 3 minutes rest period between each set.
Single bout of yoga after eccentric exerciseOther
The participants will perform a single bout of the following 5 yoga poses; Child's pose, Thread the needle pose, Eagle arms, Cow face pose, Hands overhead in wide-legged forward bend after the eccentric exercise designed to induce delayed onset muscle soreness for a total time duration of 20-30 minutes. The participants will be asked to breathe and hold each yoga pose for 6-8 breaths. For induction of delayed onset muscle soreness, one repetition of each participant will be calculated first and on the basis of one repetition maximum the participants will perform 6 sets of 10 repetitions of the eccentric drills of elbow and knee flexors and extensors with 3 minutes rest period between each set.
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Single bout of yoga before eccentric exercise group | Active comparator | Yoga poses will be performed before the eccentric exercise of the four muscles group (elbow flexors and extensors, knee extensors and flexors) for a total time duration of 20-30 minutes. To induce delayed onset muscle soreness the participants will be asked to breathe and hold each yoga pose for 6-8 breaths. The participants will perform 6 sets of 10 repetitions of one repetition maximum eccentric drills of the elbow and knee with 3 minutes rest period between each set. Receives: Other: Single bout of yoga before eccentric exercise |
| Single bout of yoga after eccentric exercise group | Active comparator | Yoga poses will be performed after the eccentric exercise of the four muscles group (elbow flexors and extensors, knee extensors and flexors) for a total time duration of 20-30 minutes. To induce delayed onset muscle soreness the participants will be asked to breathe and hold each yoga pose for 6-8 breaths. The participants will perform 6 sets of 10 repetitions of one repetition maximum eccentric drills of the elbow and knee with 3 minutes rest period between each set. Receives: Other: Single bout of yoga after eccentric exercise |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Visual Analog Scale
The visual analog scale is used to measure perceived pain which is one of the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. The visual analog scale is a 100-mm continuum with perceived levels of muscle soreness ranging from "No pain" to "Worst possible pain". The score is obtained by measuring the distance in millimeters marked by the respondent from the zero end of the scale. Visual analog scale pain/ soreness scales have been found to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing pain and muscle soreness with an intraclass correlation value (ICC=0.97)
Measured: 1 week
Range of Motion
The range of motion is the measurement of movement around a specific joint or body part. To measure the range of motion, a goniometer is used. A goniometer is a device that measures an angle or permits the rotation of an object to a definite position. The inter-examiner reliability values of goniometer for measuring elbow and knee range of motion ranged from (ICC 0.26-0.96).
Measured: 1 week
Strength
The low-cost digital dynamometer is used to measure the isometric strength of the muscles. The low-cost digital dynamometer has a strong concurrent validity (ICC>0.9) and a high intra and inter-tester reliability (ICC>0.75) for measuring isometric strength of the lower and upper extremity movements.
Measured: 1 week
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted11 May 2023
- Study start28 Oct 2022
- Primary completion12 May 2023
- Study completion8 Jul 2023
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Other trials for HealthyStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase N/A
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind
- Who is masked
- Participant
- Enrolment
- 42 participants (actual)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International University
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Sponsor
- Investigators
- Jawad Naweed, MS-SPT, Principal investigator, Riphah International University
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05854771
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- REC/01411 SARA KHAN
- Status last verified
- Jul 2023
- First submitted
- 3 May 2023
- Last updated
- 19 Jul 2023
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- No
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 19 Jul 2023. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Effects of Single Bout of Yoga Before vs After Eccentric Exercise on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness.
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05854771
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- REC/01411 SARA KHAN
- Conditions
- Healthy
- Keywords
- Visual Analog Scale, Exercise, Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Yoga, Eccentric exercise, Range Of motion
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Completed
- Enrolment
- 42 participants (actual)
- Lead sponsor
- Riphah International UniversityUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 28 Oct 2022 (actual)
- Primary completion
- 12 May 2023 (actual)
- Study completion
- 8 Jul 2023 (actual)
- First posted
- 11 May 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
The goal of this clinical trial is to compare the effects of pre and post-exercise yoga after eccentric exercise on delayed onset muscle soreness in healthy adults. The main question it aims to answer is whether there will be a difference in the effects of pre and post-exercise yoga in reducing delayed muscle soreness. The participants will be divided into two groups; group A and group B. Group A will perform single bout of yoga before the eccentric exercise and Group B will perform single bout of yoga after eccentric exercise.
Detailed description
Delayed onset muscle soreness is a multifactorial well-known phenomenon associated with swelling, tenderness, altered joint kinematics, muscle fiber disruption, acute tissue damage, decreased strength and power, and stiffness. Delayed onset muscle soreness are experienced by both elite and novice athletes after exposure to unaccustomed or strenuous exercise that particularly involves eccentric contractions. The symptoms can range from mild muscle tenderness to severe agonizing pain. According to the "Munich Consensus Statement", Delayed onset muscle soreness is an overexertion-functional muscle disorder that involves type Ib fibers. The intensity of discomfort and soreness associated with delayed onset muscle soreness depends on the level of fitness, type, and repetitions of exercise performed with eccentric exercises resulting in micro injury at a greater frequency and severity in comparison to other exercises. The intensity of delayed onset muscle soreness increases within the first 24 hours and peaks between 24-72 hours. The symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness subside within 5-7 days after the exercise and thus differ from normal muscle soreness that occurs immediately after the exercise. Although delayed onset muscle soreness is considered a mild type of muscle injury, however; it can affect athletic performance to a great level by causing a reduction in joint range of motion, shock attenuation, and peak torque. Numerous treatment strategies have been used lately to reduce the incidence of delayed onset muscle soreness including hyperbaric oxygen, anti-inflammatory medication, massage, cryotherapy, homeopathy, stretching, electrotherapeutic modalities, ultrasound, rest, light exercise, and yoga. Yoga is a process of physical and mental reconditioning that involves simple meditation, the adoption of certain postures, and breath control. The various health benefits associated with yoga include improved flexibility and balance, muscle strength, skeletal muscle oxygen uptake, lung function, pain relief, and lower stress levels. Depending upon the type, intensity, and the number of repetitions of exercise various yoga poses can be performed before and after eccentric exercises as a warmup or a cool-down procedure to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness.
The current study is aimed to fill the literature gap by finding the difference in the effects of pre and post-exercise yoga poses in reducing delayed onset muscle soreness. This study will provide a guide to elite and novice athletes to effectively incorporate yoga poses in their exercise protocol to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness that results in decreased performance.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Single blind (participant)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Single bout of yoga before eccentric exercise group | Active comparator | Other: Single bout of yoga before eccentric exerciseYoga poses will be performed before the eccentric exercise of the four muscles group (elbow flexors and extensors, knee extensors and flexors) for a total time duration of 20-30 minutes. To induce delayed onset muscle soreness the participants will be asked to breathe and hold each yoga pose for 6-8 breaths. The participants will perform 6 sets of 10 repetitions of one repetition maximum eccentric drills of the elbow and knee with 3 minutes rest period between each set. |
| Single bout of yoga after eccentric exercise group | Active comparator | Other: Single bout of yoga after eccentric exerciseYoga poses will be performed after the eccentric exercise of the four muscles group (elbow flexors and extensors, knee extensors and flexors) for a total time duration of 20-30 minutes. To induce delayed onset muscle soreness the participants will be asked to breathe and hold each yoga pose for 6-8 breaths. The participants will perform 6 sets of 10 repetitions of one repetition maximum eccentric drills of the elbow and knee with 3 minutes rest period between each set. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 18 to 30 years
- Sex
- All
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Adult
Key inclusion criteria (4 listed)
- Untrained men and women
- Aged between 18-30 years
- Body mass index less than 30
- Asymptomatic of disease and illness
Key exclusion criteria (6 listed)
- Any injury in the arms and/or legs that caused a visit to a medical provider
- Participants who are unable to perform any of the yoga pose.
- High blood pressure
- Pregnant
- Diabetes
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| Single bout of yoga before eccentric exerciseThe participants will perform a single bout of the following 5 yoga poses; Child's pose, Thread the needle pose, Eagle arms, Cow face pose, Hands overhead in wide-legged forward bend before the eccentric exercise designed to induce delayed onset muscle soreness for a total time duration of 20-30 minutes. The participants will be asked to breathe and hold each yoga pose for 6-8 breaths. For induction of delayed onset muscle soreness, one repetition maximum of each participant will be calculated first, and on the basis of one repetition maximum the participants will perform 6 sets of 10 repetitions of the eccentric drills of elbow and knee flexors and extensors with 3 minutes rest period between each set. | Other | Single bout of yoga before eccentric exercise group |
| Single bout of yoga after eccentric exerciseThe participants will perform a single bout of the following 5 yoga poses; Child's pose, Thread the needle pose, Eagle arms, Cow face pose, Hands overhead in wide-legged forward bend after the eccentric exercise designed to induce delayed onset muscle soreness for a total time duration of 20-30 minutes. The participants will be asked to breathe and hold each yoga pose for 6-8 breaths. For induction of delayed onset muscle soreness, one repetition of each participant will be calculated first and on the basis of one repetition maximum the participants will perform 6 sets of 10 repetitions of the eccentric drills of elbow and knee flexors and extensors with 3 minutes rest period between each set. | Other | Single bout of yoga after eccentric exercise group |
Primary outcome
Visual Analog Scale
Time frame: 1 week
The visual analog scale is used to measure perceived pain which is one of the symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. The visual analog scale is a 100-mm continuum with perceived levels of muscle soreness ranging from "No pain" to "Worst possible pain". The score is obtained by measuring the distance in millimeters marked by the respondent from the zero end of the scale. Visual analog scale pain/ soreness scales have been found to be a reliable and valid tool for assessing pain and muscle soreness with an intraclass correlation value (ICC=0.97)
Range of Motion
Time frame: 1 week
The range of motion is the measurement of movement around a specific joint or body part. To measure the range of motion, a goniometer is used. A goniometer is a device that measures an angle or permits the rotation of an object to a definite position. The inter-examiner reliability values of goniometer for measuring elbow and knee range of motion ranged from (ICC 0.26-0.96).
Strength
Time frame: 1 week
The low-cost digital dynamometer is used to measure the isometric strength of the muscles. The low-cost digital dynamometer has a strong concurrent validity (ICC>0.9) and a high intra and inter-tester reliability (ICC>0.75) for measuring isometric strength of the lower and upper extremity movements.
Results and safety
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 19 Jul 2023.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
Jawad Naweed, MS-SPT principal investigator
Riphah International University
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A study testing Single bout of yoga before eccentric exercise and Single bout of yoga after eccentric exercise in people with Healthy, run by Riphah International University at 1 site in Pakistan.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 6 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 19 Jul 2023. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in Pakistan. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
Are results available for this study?
The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Visual Analog Scale (time frame: 1 week). The study lists 3 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 19 Jul 2023.