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Gestational Weight GainMedDietNCT05868954

Implementation of a Mediterranean Diet Program for Overweight or Obese Pregnant Women in a Low-resource Clinical Setting

A study testing MedDiet Program and ACOG-based Dietary Program in people with Gestational Weight Gain and Diet, Healthy, run by Wake Forest University Health Sciences at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The purpose of this Pilot randomized clinical Trial is to compare two healthy diet styles during pregnancy. Patients between 8 and 16 weeks of gestation who agree to participate will be randomly assigned (like flipping a coin) to either receive routine healthy diet advice and counseling, or to receive advice and… Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and older, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
Conditions the study is for
Gestational Weight Gain, Diet, Healthy
What is being tested?
MedDiet Program and ACOG-based Dietary Program
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
41 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
31 Aug 2023to 10 Jul 2025
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
Yes, posted in the registrySummary in the doctors' view

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • Women only
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Viable singleton pregnancy in the first trimester (6 0/7- 16 6/7 weeks); includes twins reduced to singleton spontaneously or vanishing twin syndrome
  • BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m2; calculated by dividing maternal weight in kilograms by height in meters squared using a calibrated scale and standard metric measure
  • Confirmed intrauterine pregnancy by ultrasound exam (6-16 weeks)
  • Age 18 years or older
  • Primary language of English or Spanish

Who cannot join

  • BMI < 25.0 kg/m2
  • Known pre-pregnancy diabetes
  • Hemoglobin glycosylated (A1C) > 5.7% at first prenatal visit
  • Pre-pregnancy hypertensive disease
  • Non-viable pregnancy
  • Known allergies to an essential component(s) of MedDiet
  • Inability to read or write in primary language
  • Mental incapacity to make medical decisions

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • Atrium Health Myers Park OB/GYN

    Charlotte, North Carolina, 28207

Other trials in United States

About this study

The purpose of this Pilot randomized clinical Trial is to compare two healthy diet styles during pregnancy. Patients between 8 and 16 weeks of gestation who agree to participate will be randomly assigned (like flipping a coin) to either receive routine healthy diet advice and counseling, or to receive advice and counseling for the Mediterranean style diet. Our current routine healthy diet program follows the recommendations provided by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). It recommends the consumption of grains, fruits, vegetables, protein foods, and dairy foods during pregnancy. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a well-known healthy diet that consists of a large amount of plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, beans, and nuts with olive oil as the principal source of fat. Dairy, fish, and poultry are consumed in moderation and red meat only eaten occasionally. Throughout their pregnancy, participants will receive free food and be assessed to determine adherence to the diet and receive counseling to reinforce diet recommendations.

Read the detailed description

The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) is a well-known healthy diet that consists of a large amount of plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, beans, and nuts with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as the principal source of fat. Dairy, fish, and poultry are consumed in moderation and red meat only eaten occasionally. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that outside of pregnancy, the MedDiet is associated with a reduction of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and certain cancers. However, the potential clinical benefits of MedDiet in pregnancy are understudied with most data originating from clinical trials in Europe. Proper nutrition during pregnancy has multiple health benefits. A mother eating a healthy diet has a higher probability of meeting the demands required for a normal fetal development. In addition, she is more likely to achieve the recommended gestational weight gain thereby reducing the risk of pregnancy-related complications. Finally, a healthy diet is associated with a reduction of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes later in life for both the mother and the infant.

Being tested
MedDiet Program, ACOG-based Dietary Program
Keywords
Mediterranean Diet, Overweight, Pregnant Women, Obese
Medical subject headings
Gestational Weight Gain, Overweight, Obesity

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • MedDiet ProgramBehavioural

    Subjects allocated to the MedDiet Program group will receive counseling based on the principles of the traditional MedDiet with a focus on a general change in diet instead of micronutrients or macronutrients. Diet adherence will be assessed using a 14 question questionnaire. Participants will receive 6, free traditional MedDiet meals every 3 weeks between enrollment and until the subject is approximately 38 weeks pregnant. In addition, participants will receive olive oil and nuts during their enrollment visit and during their routine 26-30 week prenatal visit.

  • ACOG-based Dietary ProgramBehavioural

    Following ACOG recommendation, subjects allocated to the ACOG-based Dietary Program group, will receive routine counseling on healthy eating. This will include advice on the consumption of grains, fruits, vegetables, protein, and dairy foods recommended during pregnancy. Diet adherence will be assessed using an 18 question questionnaire. Participants will receive 6, free traditional healthy meals every 3 weeks between enrollment and until the subject is approximately 38 weeks pregnant. In addition, participants will receive canola oil and healthy snacks during their enrollment visit and during their routine 26-30 week prenatal visit.

Study groups in NCT05868954
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG)-based Dietary ProgramActive comparatorRoutine dietary counseling program
Receives: Behavioral: ACOG-based Dietary Program
Mediterranean Diet (MedDiet) ProgramExperimentalWell-known healthy diet that consists of a large amount of plant-based foods such as fruits, vegetables, beans, and nuts with extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) as the principal source of fat. Dairy, fish, and poultry are consumed in moderation and red meat only eaten occasionally.
Receives: Behavioral: MedDiet Program

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Diet Adherence Assessment Scores Continuous

    The Routine Healthy Diet Assessment Questionnaire consists of 15 items. Each item is scored as 1 for adherence and 0 for non-adherence, with some items having trimester-specific scoring. The total score is the sum of all items, ranging from 0 (no adherence) to 15 (full adherence). Higher scores indicate better adherence to the routine healthy diet .The MedDiet Assessment Questionnaire consists of 17 items. Each item is scored as 1 for adherence and 0 for non-adherence. The total score is the sum of all items, ranging from 0 (no adherence) to 17 (full adherence). Higher scores indicate better adherence to the Mediterranean diet.

    Measured: week 38

Secondary outcomes (13)
  1. Gestational Weight Gain (GWG)

    Total GWG will be calculated by subtracting the participant's weight (lbs.) at the initial prenatal visit from the weight (lbs.) at time of the delivery or at the last prenatal visit. GWG in the first trimester (6-13 weeks), second trimester (14-26 weeks), and third trimester (27-40 weeks) will also be calculated. Calibrated weight scales will be used at our clinic and at the hospital. Compliance rate of GWG based on Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines for overweight and obese women will be compared between the MedDiet and the control group.

    Measured: week 40

  2. Cardiometabolic Biomarkers - Hemoglobin A1C Levels

    Hypothesize that consuming the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) may be associated with improved cardiometabolic biomarkers during pregnancy. Specifically, MedDiet might help reduce the physiological rise in lipids, enhance insulin sensitivity, and lower markers of subclinical inflammation, such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Pregnancy is usually marked by increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides, especially in the second and third trimesters, along with increased insulin resistance. This study aims to determine whether MedDiet influences these biomarkers. Maternal lipid profiles, random glucose levels, hemoglobin A1C, and CRP will be measured at baseline (first or second trimester) and between 26-30 weeks of gestation among participants in both the intervention and control groups. Lab samples will be collected during routine blood draws for prenatal care.

    Measured: Week 30

  3. Cardiometabolic Biomarkers - C-reactive Protein (CRP) Levels

    Consumption of MedDiet is associated with lower levels of total cholesterol, reduces insulin resistance preventing type 2 diabetes and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and reduces markers of subclinical inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Pregnancy is characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides, especially in the second and third trimester, and pregnancy is a state of increased insulin resistance. There is limited knowledge about the effect of MedDiet on cardiometabolic biomarkers during pregnancy. Maternal lipid profile, random glucose level, hemoglobin A1C, and CRP levels will be compared at baseline (first or early second trimester) and at 26-30 weeks of gestation among participants in the intervention and the control groups. The labs will be obtained at the same time of scheduled blood draws for routine prenatal labs.

    Measured: Week 30

  4. Cardiometabolic Biomarkers - Triglycerides

    Consumption of MedDiet is associated with lower levels of total cholesterol, reduces insulin resistance preventing type 2 diabetes and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and reduces markers of subclinical inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Pregnancy is characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides, especially in the second and third trimester, and pregnancy is a state of increased insulin resistance. There is limited knowledge about the effect of MedDiet on cardiometabolic biomarkers during pregnancy. Maternal lipid profile, random glucose level, hemoglobin A1C, and CRP levels will be compared at baseline (first or early second trimester) and at 26-30 weeks of gestation among participants in the intervention and the control groups. The labs will be obtained at the same time of scheduled blood draws for routine prenatal labs.

    Measured: Week 30

  5. Cardiometabolic Biomarkers - Glucose Level

    Consumption of MedDiet is associated with lower levels of total cholesterol, reduces insulin resistance preventing type 2 diabetes and Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and reduces markers of subclinical inflammation such as C-reactive protein (CRP). Pregnancy is characterized by increased levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDP), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides, especially in the second and third trimester, and pregnancy is a state of increased insulin resistance. There is limited knowledge about the effect of MedDiet on cardiometabolic biomarkers during pregnancy. Maternal lipid profile, random glucose level, hemoglobin A1C, and CRP levels will be compared at baseline (first or early second trimester) and at 26-30 weeks of gestation among participants in the intervention and the control groups. The labs will be obtained at the same time of scheduled blood draws for routine prenatal labs.

    Measured: Week 30

  6. Cardiovascular Parameters - Blood Pressure (BP) Values (Diastolic)

    MedDiet is associated with reduction of blood pressure (BP) in non-pregnant adult overweight or obese women. Physiological changes of blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy are characterized by reduction of BP in the second trimester with return to the pre-pregnancy level late in the third trimester and postpartum period. Heart rate (HR) increases by 20% to 25% over baseline during gestation. Maternal BP and HR will be obtained by a calibrated automated oscillometric device during prenatal visits from the first to the third trimesters following the standardized technique established in our clinic. Trends of BP and HR throughout gestation will be compared among women allocated in the intervention and the control groups.

    Measured: Week 16

  7. Cardiovascular Parameters - Blood Pressure (BP) Values (Diastolic)

    MedDiet is associated with reduction of blood pressure (BP) in non-pregnant adult overweight or obese women. Physiological changes of blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy are characterized by reduction of BP in the second trimester with return to the pre-pregnancy level late in the third trimester and postpartum period. Heart rate (HR) increases by 20% to 25% over baseline during gestation. Maternal BP and HR will be obtained by a calibrated automated oscillometric device during prenatal visits from the first to the third trimesters following the standardized technique established in our clinic. Trends of BP and HR throughout gestation will be compared among women allocated in the intervention and the control groups.

    Measured: Week 24

  8. Cardiovascular Parameters - Blood Pressure (BP) Values (Diastolic)

    MedDiet is associated with reduction of blood pressure (BP) in non-pregnant adult overweight or obese women. Physiological changes of blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy are characterized by reduction of BP in the second trimester with return to the pre-pregnancy level late in the third trimester and postpartum period. Heart rate (HR) increases by 20% to 25% over baseline during gestation. Maternal BP and HR will be obtained by a calibrated automated oscillometric device during prenatal visits from the first to the third trimesters following the standardized technique established in our clinic. Trends of BP and HR throughout gestation will be compared among women allocated in the intervention and the control groups.

    Measured: Week 30

  9. Cardiovascular Parameters - Blood Pressure (BP) Values (Diastolic)

    MedDiet is associated with reduction of blood pressure (BP) in non-pregnant adult overweight or obese women. Physiological changes of blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy are characterized by reduction of BP in the second trimester with return to the pre-pregnancy level late in the third trimester and postpartum period. Heart rate (HR) increases by 20% to 25% over baseline during gestation. Maternal BP and HR will be obtained by a calibrated automated oscillometric device during prenatal visits from the first to the third trimesters following the standardized technique established in our clinic. Trends of BP and HR throughout gestation will be compared among women allocated in the intervention and the control groups.

    Measured: Week 38

  10. Cardiovascular Parameters - Blood Pressure (BP) Values (Systolic)

    MedDiet is associated with reduction of blood pressure (BP) in non-pregnant adult overweight or obese women. Physiological changes of blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy are characterized by reduction of BP in the second trimester with return to the pre-pregnancy level late in the third trimester and postpartum period. Heart rate (HR) increases by 20% to 25% over baseline during gestation. Maternal BP and HR will be obtained by a calibrated automated oscillometric device during prenatal visits from the first to the third trimesters following the standardized technique established in our clinic. Trends of BP and HR throughout gestation will be compared among women allocated in the intervention and the control groups.

    Measured: Week 16

  11. Cardiovascular Parameters - Blood Pressure (BP) Values (Systolic)

    MedDiet is associated with reduction of blood pressure (BP) in non-pregnant adult overweight or obese women. Physiological changes of blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy are characterized by reduction of BP in the second trimester with return to the pre-pregnancy level late in the third trimester and postpartum period. Heart rate (HR) increases by 20% to 25% over baseline during gestation. Maternal BP and HR will be obtained by a calibrated automated oscillometric device during prenatal visits from the first to the third trimesters following the standardized technique established in our clinic. Trends of BP and HR throughout gestation will be compared among women allocated in the intervention and the control groups.

    Measured: Week 24

  12. Cardiovascular Parameters - Blood Pressure (BP) Values (Systolic)

    MedDiet is associated with reduction of blood pressure (BP) in non-pregnant adult overweight or obese women. Physiological changes of blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy are characterized by reduction of BP in the second trimester with return to the pre-pregnancy level late in the third trimester and postpartum period. Heart rate (HR) increases by 20% to 25% over baseline during gestation. Maternal BP and HR will be obtained by a calibrated automated oscillometric device during prenatal visits from the first to the third trimesters following the standardized technique established in our clinic. Trends of BP and HR throughout gestation will be compared among women allocated in the intervention and the control groups.

    Measured: Week 30

  13. Cardiovascular Parameters - Blood Pressure (BP) Values (Systolic)

    MedDiet is associated with reduction of blood pressure (BP) in non-pregnant adult overweight or obese women. Physiological changes of blood pressure (BP) during pregnancy are characterized by reduction of BP in the second trimester with return to the pre-pregnancy level late in the third trimester and postpartum period. Heart rate (HR) increases by 20% to 25% over baseline during gestation. Maternal BP and HR will be obtained by a calibrated automated oscillometric device during prenatal visits from the first to the third trimesters following the standardized technique established in our clinic. Trends of BP and HR throughout gestation will be compared among women allocated in the intervention and the control groups.

    Measured: Week 38

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted22 May 2023
  2. Study start31 Aug 2023
  3. Primary completion30 Nov 2024
  4. Study completion10 Jul 2025

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Prevention
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
41 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05868954
Sponsor's protocol ID
IRB00096969
Other IDs
UL1TR001420
Acronym
MedDiet
Status last verified
Mar 2025
First submitted
11 May 2023
Last updated
8 Dec 2025
Data monitoring committee
No
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing MedDiet Program and ACOG-based Dietary Program in people with Gestational Weight Gain and Diet, Healthy, run by Wake Forest University Health Sciences at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 5 inclusion and 8 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 8 Dec 2025. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

Yes. Results are posted in the registry (first posted 8 Dec 2025). A summary is in the For doctors view, and the full results are on ClinicalTrials.gov.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Diet Adherence Assessment Scores Continuous (time frame: week 38). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 8 Dec 2025.

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