IUDPhase 4NCT05875571
Intravenous Ketorolac Administration to Attenuate Post-procedural Pain Associated With Intrauterine Device Placement
A Phase 4 study testing Ketorolac in people with IUD and Healthy Female, run by Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute at 1 site in United States.
Trial summary
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a popular form of long-acting reversible contraception, with a high efficacy rate and few side effects. The insertion procedure for IUDs can be uncomfortable and painful. Sedation may be needed to improve patient comfort. Read more about this study
- Who is it for?
- Ages 13 to 21 years, women onlyHealthy volunteers can take part
- Conditions the study is for
- IUD, Healthy Female, Contraception
- What is being tested?
- Ketorolac
- Type of treatment
- Injection or infusion
- Could I receive a placebo?
- Yes, some participants may receive a placebo
- How many people
- 18 participants
- Where
- 1 siteUnited States
- Study dates
- 5 Feb 2024to Jun 2025
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Are there results?
- None posted in the registry
Key requirements
Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.
- Ages 13 to 21 years
- Women only
- Healthy volunteers accepted
- Child, Adult
Who may be able to join
- Patients requiring sedated IUD placement at Arkansas Children's Hospital
Who cannot join
- Allergy to ketorolac or other NDSAID
- Known history of renal impairment
- History of GI bleeding of peptic ulcer disease
Trial locations and contacts
1 site in 1 country.
United States1 site, 1 recruiting
- Recruiting
Arkansas Childrens Hospital
Little Rock, Arkansas, 72202
Shahwar Yousuf, 501-364-1341, syousuf@uams.edu
Lee Crawley, crawleylj@archildrens.org
About this study
Official title: Intravenous Ketorolac Administration to Attenuate Post-procedural Pain Associated With Intrauterine Device Placement: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a popular form of long-acting reversible contraception, with a high efficacy rate and few side effects. The insertion procedure for IUDs can be uncomfortable and painful. Sedation may be needed to improve patient comfort. The use of IUDs is increasing in the adolescent population, but perceived pain is a barrier to placement.
Propofol is a commonly used agent for pediatric procedural sedation, but it has no analgesic properties. Ketorolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been shown to reduce pain in adults and improve patient satisfaction when used prior to IUD placement..
The current study aims to determine if ketorolac, given in combination with propofol for IUD placement in adolescents, can improve comfort during placement and reduce pain following the procedure. Enrolled patients will receive ketorolac or placebo, in addition to propofol, for IUD placement. By comparing the outcomes of these two groups of patients, we can gain a better understanding of the optimal approach to sedation for IUD insertion in adolescents.
Read the detailed description
Background and Significance: IUDs are safe, effective, and reversible forms of contraception. They are available in two forms in the United States: non-hormonal (copper) and levonorgestrel hormonal devices. There are very few contraindications to placement and few associated side effects. Despite these facts, only 14% of women aged 15-44 currently use an IUD1. Data over recent years show an increase in IUD usage among younger women, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) support use in adolescent patients, many of which seek care from pediatric providers2. IUDs are easy to place and remove, with most procedures occurring in the office setting.
One barrier to more widespread use of IUDs may be the perception of pain associated with insertion, especially among younger patients. One study of 100 nulligravid women reported a 78% incidence of "moderate" or "severe" pain with IUD placement3. Several studies have evaluated various methods to attenuate the pain and anxiety associated with IUD placement, including behavioral interventions4, topical and injectable lidocaine applied to the cervix5,6, and injectable medications7. The ACOG currently recommends taking over-the-counter pain medications prior to IUD placement, though no specific medications are mentioned. Some adolescent patients require procedural sedation due to perceived pain, previous unsuccessful office procedures, developmental delay, and chronic pelvic pain, among other indications.
Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), available in oral and injectable forms. It is used for moderately severe pain, often after an operation or painful procedure. Time to onset of analgesia with injectable ketorolac (IV or IM) is approximately 30 minutes, with maximum effect at 1-2 hours, and a median duration of 6 hours. Ketorolac, given orally or as an intramuscular injection (IM), has been shown to effectively attenuate the pain associated with in-office placement of IUDs7,8. We hypothesize that the administration of IV ketorolac, given during sedation for IUD placement, will lead to a decrease in post-procedural pain.
Project Design and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial will test the stated hypotheses associated with the specific aims above. All patients undergoing IUD placement under sedation, provided by the pediatric critical care sedation service at Arkansas Children's Hospital (ACH), will be eligible for enrollment. Patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria (see below) will be randomized to ketorolac or placebo after providing informed consent/assent. IUD placement will be performed by the pediatric gynecology service at ACH, using one of two levonorgestrel devices (Kyleena or Mirena). In addition to the study drug, propofol will be used for sedation. All subjects will be sedated with propofol in the following manner: 1mg/kg IV loading dose (10mg additional doses to achieve sedation), followed by a 150mcg/kg/min infusion rate during the procedure. Additional 10mg boluses will be given at the discretion of the seditionist (Pediatric Critical Care Medicine or Pediatric Emergency Medicine physician) and will be recorded for comparison as a secondary outcome measure.
Study Drug and Randomization Procedure: All eligible subjects will be randomized to ketorolac or placebo using simple randomization. A randomization schedule will be constructed using a random number generator. The study pharmacist will dispense ketorolac or placebo based on the randomization schedule. All study investigators and clinical staff will be blinded to group assignment. Ketorolac and placebo will be dispensed in identical syringes in identical volumes. Study drug will be administered intravenously by the sedation nurse at least 30 minutes prior to the start of sedation for IUD placement.
- Conditions
- IUD, Healthy Female, Contraception, IUD Insertion Complication
- Being tested
- Ketorolac, Placebo
What participants receive
What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.
KetorolacDrug
Also called toradol
Patients will get IV ketorolac during IUD placement under sedation
PlaceboDrug
Patients will get IV placebo during IUD placement under sedation
| Study group | Role | What they receive |
|---|---|---|
| Ketorolac | Active comparator | The group of patients will receive IV Ketorolac before placement of IUD under sedation. Receives: Drug: Ketorolac |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | The group of patients will receive placebo before placement of IUD under sedation. Receives: Drug: Placebo |
What is being measured
The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.
Comparison of Post procedural pain after IUD placement
The primary outcome will be comparison of post-procedural pain using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale in ketorolac vs placebo group. The scale ranges from 0 to10 where 0 = no pain at all and 10= worst pain ever. Lower score indicates improvement in pain while a higher score indicates worsening of pain.
Measured: 24 hours
Secondary outcomes (2)
number of propofol boluses required during sedation
Measured: 24 hours
total propofol dose (mg/kg) given in each group
total propofol dose will be obtained from EHR and both groups will be compared for this purpose
Measured: 24 hours
Timeline
From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.
- First posted25 May 2023
- Study start5 Feb 2024
- Primary completionMay 2025 (estimated)
- Study completionJun 2025 (estimated)
Resources
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govThe registry entry this page is built from, with its full change history.
- Publications (9)Papers the sponsor has linked to this study.
- Other trials for IUDStudies of the same condition, open and under way.
- What the trial phases meanHow a treatment moves from first tests in people to approval.
More details
For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.
Study design
- Study type
- Interventional
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind
- Who is masked
- Participant, Care provider, Investigator
- Enrolment
- 18 participants (estimated)
Sponsor and investigators
- Lead sponsor
- Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute
- Sponsor type
- University, hospital or other
- Responsible party
- Principal investigator, Shahwar Yousuf, Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute
IDs, dates and publications
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05875571
- Sponsor's protocol ID
- 275563
- Status last verified
- Jul 2024
- First submitted
- 8 May 2023
- Last updated
- 31 Jul 2024
- Results posted
- No
- Data monitoring committee
- Yes
- FDA-regulated drug
- Yes
- FDA-regulated device
- No
- Individual data sharing
- No
Publications
Jatlaoui TC, Riley HEM, Curtis KM. The safety of intrauterine devices among young women: a systematic review. Contraception. 2017 Jan;95(1):17-39. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.10.006. Epub 2016 Oct 19.
PubMed 27771475Hall AM, Kutler BA. Intrauterine contraception in nulliparous women: a prospective survey. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2016 Jan;42(1):36-42. doi: 10.1136/jfprhc-2014-101046. Epub 2015 Apr 8.
PubMed 25854550Lambert T, Truong T, Gray B. Pain perception with cervical tenaculum placement during intrauterine device insertion: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Sex Reprod Health. 2020 Apr;46(2):126-131. doi: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200376. Epub 2019 Oct 30.
PubMed 31666302Panichyawat N, Mongkornthong T, Wongwananuruk T, Sirimai K. 10% lidocaine spray for pain control during intrauterine device insertion: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Sex Reprod Health. 2021 Jul;47(3):159-165. doi: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200670. Epub 2020 Jun 26.
PubMed 32591417Mody SK, Farala JP, Jimenez B, Nishikawa M, Ngo LL. Paracervical Block for Intrauterine Device Placement Among Nulliparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Sep;132(3):575-582. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002790.
PubMed 30095776Ngo LL, Ward KK, Mody SK. Ketorolac for Pain Control With Intrauterine Device Placement: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jul;126(1):29-36. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000912.
PubMed 26241253Crawford M, Davy S, Book N, Elliott JO, Arora A. Oral Ketorolac for Pain Relief During Intrauterine Device Insertion: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2017 Dec;39(12):1143-1149. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.05.014. Epub 2017 Aug 18.
PubMed 28826645Karcioglu O, Topacoglu H, Dikme O, Dikme O. A systematic review of the pain scales in adults: Which to use? Am J Emerg Med. 2018 Apr;36(4):707-714. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.01.008. Epub 2018 Jan 6.
PubMed 29321111Chaves IA, Baeta T, Dolabella GB, Barbosa LR, Almeida NM, Oliveira FR, Oliveira EC, L Silva-Filho A, Rocha ALL. Pain scores at the insertion of the 52 MG levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system among nulligravidas and parous women. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2021 Oct;26(5):399-403. doi: 10.1080/13625187.2021.1925882. Epub 2021 Jun 7.
PubMed 34096433
Study at a glance
From the registry record, last updated by the sponsor on 31 Jul 2024. Recruitment status is as the sponsor reported it: confirm with the study team.
- Official title
- Intravenous Ketorolac Administration to Attenuate Post-procedural Pain Associated With Intrauterine Device Placement: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
- ClinicalTrials.gov ID
- NCT05875571
- Acronym / sponsor ID
- 275563
- Conditions
- IUD, Healthy Female, Contraception, IUD Insertion Complication
- Phase
- Phase 4
- Study type
- Interventional
- Recruitment status
- Unknown status
- Enrolment
- 18 participants (estimated)
- Lead sponsor
- Arkansas Children's Hospital Research InstituteUniversity, hospital or other
- Study start
- 5 Feb 2024 (actual)
- Primary completion
- May 2025 (estimated)
- Study completion
- Jun 2025 (estimated)
- First posted
- 25 May 2023 (actual)
- Results
- Not posted in the source record
Clinical summary
The research question as the sponsor registered it. This describes what the study plans to test, not what it found.
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are a popular form of long-acting reversible contraception, with a high efficacy rate and few side effects. The insertion procedure for IUDs can be uncomfortable and painful. Sedation may be needed to improve patient comfort. The use of IUDs is increasing in the adolescent population, but perceived pain is a barrier to placement.
Propofol is a commonly used agent for pediatric procedural sedation, but it has no analgesic properties. Ketorolac, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been shown to reduce pain in adults and improve patient satisfaction when used prior to IUD placement..
The current study aims to determine if ketorolac, given in combination with propofol for IUD placement in adolescents, can improve comfort during placement and reduce pain following the procedure. Enrolled patients will receive ketorolac or placebo, in addition to propofol, for IUD placement. By comparing the outcomes of these two groups of patients, we can gain a better understanding of the optimal approach to sedation for IUD insertion in adolescents.
Detailed description
Background and Significance: IUDs are safe, effective, and reversible forms of contraception. They are available in two forms in the United States: non-hormonal (copper) and levonorgestrel hormonal devices. There are very few contraindications to placement and few associated side effects. Despite these facts, only 14% of women aged 15-44 currently use an IUD1. Data over recent years show an increase in IUD usage among younger women, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) support use in adolescent patients, many of which seek care from pediatric providers2. IUDs are easy to place and remove, with most procedures occurring in the office setting.
One barrier to more widespread use of IUDs may be the perception of pain associated with insertion, especially among younger patients. One study of 100 nulligravid women reported a 78% incidence of "moderate" or "severe" pain with IUD placement3. Several studies have evaluated various methods to attenuate the pain and anxiety associated with IUD placement, including behavioral interventions4, topical and injectable lidocaine applied to the cervix5,6, and injectable medications7. The ACOG currently recommends taking over-the-counter pain medications prior to IUD placement, though no specific medications are mentioned. Some adolescent patients require procedural sedation due to perceived pain, previous unsuccessful office procedures, developmental delay, and chronic pelvic pain, among other indications.
Ketorolac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), available in oral and injectable forms. It is used for moderately severe pain, often after an operation or painful procedure. Time to onset of analgesia with injectable ketorolac (IV or IM) is approximately 30 minutes, with maximum effect at 1-2 hours, and a median duration of 6 hours. Ketorolac, given orally or as an intramuscular injection (IM), has been shown to effectively attenuate the pain associated with in-office placement of IUDs7,8. We hypothesize that the administration of IV ketorolac, given during sedation for IUD placement, will lead to a decrease in post-procedural pain.
Project Design and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial will test the stated hypotheses associated with the specific aims above. All patients undergoing IUD placement under sedation, provided by the pediatric critical care sedation service at Arkansas Children's Hospital (ACH), will be eligible for enrollment. Patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria (see below) will be randomized to ketorolac or placebo after providing informed consent/assent. IUD placement will be performed by the pediatric gynecology service at ACH, using one of two levonorgestrel devices (Kyleena or Mirena). In addition to the study drug, propofol will be used for sedation. All subjects will be sedated with propofol in the following manner: 1mg/kg IV loading dose (10mg additional doses to achieve sedation), followed by a 150mcg/kg/min infusion rate during the procedure. Additional 10mg boluses will be given at the discretion of the seditionist (Pediatric Critical Care Medicine or Pediatric Emergency Medicine physician) and will be recorded for comparison as a secondary outcome measure.
Study Drug and Randomization Procedure: All eligible subjects will be randomized to ketorolac or placebo using simple randomization. A randomization schedule will be constructed using a random number generator. The study pharmacist will dispense ketorolac or placebo based on the randomization schedule. All study investigators and clinical staff will be blinded to group assignment. Ketorolac and placebo will be dispensed in identical syringes in identical volumes. Study drug will be administered intravenously by the sedation nurse at least 30 minutes prior to the start of sedation for IUD placement.
Study design
- Primary purpose
- Treatment
- Allocation
- Randomised
- Intervention model
- Parallel groups
- Masking
- Triple blind (participant, care provider, investigator)
- Number of arms
- 2
| Arm | Type | Receives |
|---|---|---|
| Ketorolac | Active comparator | Drug: KetorolacThe group of patients will receive IV Ketorolac before placement of IUD under sedation. |
| Placebo | Placebo comparator | Drug: PlaceboThe group of patients will receive placebo before placement of IUD under sedation. |
Who may qualify
- Ages
- 13 to 21 years
- Sex
- Female only
- Healthy volunteers
- Accepted
- Age groups
- Child, Adult
Key inclusion criteria (1 listed)
- Patients requiring sedated IUD placement at Arkansas Children's Hospital
Key exclusion criteria (3 listed)
- Allergy to ketorolac or other NDSAID
- Known history of renal impairment
- History of GI bleeding of peptic ulcer disease
Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening; this overview does not establish that a patient qualifies. Full inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Interventions
| Intervention | Type | Arms |
|---|---|---|
| KetorolacAlso: toradolPatients will get IV ketorolac during IUD placement under sedation | Drug | Ketorolac |
| PlaceboPatients will get IV placebo during IUD placement under sedation | Drug | Placebo |
Primary outcome
Comparison of Post procedural pain after IUD placement
Time frame: 24 hours
The primary outcome will be comparison of post-procedural pain using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale in ketorolac vs placebo group. The scale ranges from 0 to10 where 0 = no pain at all and 10= worst pain ever. Lower score indicates improvement in pain while a higher score indicates worsening of pain.
2 secondary outcomes
number of propofol boluses required during sedation
Time frame: 24 hours
total propofol dose (mg/kg) given in each group
Time frame: 24 hours
Results and safety
Results are not available in the source record.
Research links
- Official record on ClinicalTrials.govLast updated by the sponsor 31 Jul 2024.
- Background: PubMed 27771475Jatlaoui TC, Riley HEM, Curtis KM. The safety of intrauterine devices among young women: a systematic review. Contraception. 2017 Jan;95(1):17-39. doi: 10.1016/j.contraception.2016.10.006. Epub 2016 Oct 19.
- Background: PubMed 25854550Hall AM, Kutler BA. Intrauterine contraception in nulliparous women: a prospective survey. J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care. 2016 Jan;42(1):36-42. doi: 10.1136/jfprhc-2014-101046. Epub 2015 Apr 8.
- Background: PubMed 31666302Lambert T, Truong T, Gray B. Pain perception with cervical tenaculum placement during intrauterine device insertion: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Sex Reprod Health. 2020 Apr;46(2):126-131. doi: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2019-200376. Epub 2019 Oct 30.
- Background: PubMed 32591417Panichyawat N, Mongkornthong T, Wongwananuruk T, Sirimai K. 10% lidocaine spray for pain control during intrauterine device insertion: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. BMJ Sex Reprod Health. 2021 Jul;47(3):159-165. doi: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2020-200670. Epub 2020 Jun 26.
- Background: PubMed 30095776Mody SK, Farala JP, Jimenez B, Nishikawa M, Ngo LL. Paracervical Block for Intrauterine Device Placement Among Nulliparous Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Sep;132(3):575-582. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002790.
- Background: PubMed 26241253Ngo LL, Ward KK, Mody SK. Ketorolac for Pain Control With Intrauterine Device Placement: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Jul;126(1):29-36. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000000912.
- Background: PubMed 28826645Crawford M, Davy S, Book N, Elliott JO, Arora A. Oral Ketorolac for Pain Relief During Intrauterine Device Insertion: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2017 Dec;39(12):1143-1149. doi: 10.1016/j.jogc.2017.05.014. Epub 2017 Aug 18.
- Background: PubMed 29321111Karcioglu O, Topacoglu H, Dikme O, Dikme O. A systematic review of the pain scales in adults: Which to use? Am J Emerg Med. 2018 Apr;36(4):707-714. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2018.01.008. Epub 2018 Jan 6.
- Background: PubMed 34096433Chaves IA, Baeta T, Dolabella GB, Barbosa LR, Almeida NM, Oliveira FR, Oliveira EC, L Silva-Filho A, Rocha ALL. Pain scores at the insertion of the 52 MG levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system among nulligravidas and parous women. Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care. 2021 Oct;26(5):399-403. doi: 10.1080/13625187.2021.1925882. Epub 2021 Jun 7.
- Individual participant dataSharing planned: No
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Referral and contact
AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals. Contact the study team or a site listed below; they decide who can take part. This study is not recruiting at the moment.
1 site in 1 country: see every site and its status.
Questions about this trial
What is this clinical trial studying?
A Phase 4 study testing Ketorolac in people with IUD and Healthy Female, run by Arkansas Children's Hospital Research Institute at 1 site in United States.
The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.
Who may be eligible to take part?
The sponsor lists 1 inclusion and 3 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.
Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?
The record says: status not confirmed, as of the sponsor's last update on 31 Jul 2024. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.
Where is the study taking place?
The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.
What are the possible benefits and risks?
They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. Some participants in this study may receive a placebo. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.
What does this phase mean?
Phase 4 studies take place after a treatment is approved, to learn more about its long-term benefits and risks in everyday use.
Not every study follows the same path, and some studies (observational studies, device studies) have no phase.
Are results available for this study?
Results are not available in the source record.
How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?
Contact Shahwar Yousuf, MD (501-364-1341, syousuf@uams.edu), or a site near the patient. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.
What does the primary outcome measure?
Comparison of Post procedural pain after IUD placement (time frame: 24 hours). It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.
Where can I read the original study information?
On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05875571, which also lists 9 linked publications.
Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?
No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.
How often is this information updated?
AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 31 Jul 2024.