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Cardiac EventVWCRNCT05897710

Virtual World-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation

A study testing Virtual World-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (VWCR) and Center-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR) in people with Cardiac Event and Telemedicine, run by Mayo Clinic at 1 site in United States.

Completed

Finished. The study has ended and is not enrolling. Results may be posted on the official record.

Official record
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Trial summary

The proposed trial is a multiphase, multicenter, non-inferiority, hybrid type 1 effectiveness, randomized controlled trial to test an innovative virtual world-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program, "Destination Cardiac Rehab". Read more about this study

Who is it for?
Ages 18 years and olderHealthy volunteers can take part
What is being tested?
Virtual World-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (VWCR) and Center-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)
Could I receive a placebo?
No, everyone receives an active treatment
How many people
2,881 participants
Where
1 siteUnited States
Study dates
7 Mar 2023to 31 Jan 2024
Phase
Interventional
Are there results?
None posted in the registry

Key requirements

Who can take part, as listed by the sponsor. Only the study team can confirm whether you are eligible, so take this list to your doctor.

  • Ages 18 years and older
  • All sexes
  • Healthy volunteers accepted
  • Adult, Older adult

Who may be able to join

  • Indication for CR according to Centers for Medicare \& Medicaid Services (CMS) guidelines: Myocardial infarction within the preceding 12 months; Coronary artery bypass surgery; Current stable angina (chest pain); Heart valve repair or replacement; Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) or coronary stenting; Heart or heart-lung transplant; Stable chronic heart failure
  • Aged ≥18 years
  • Basic Internet navigation skills
  • Active email address

Who cannot join

  • High risk patients according to the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) risk stratification (e.g., sudden cardiac arrest survivor)
  • Receiving continuous inotropic support
  • Presence of a mechanical circulatory support device
  • Decompensated heart failure
  • Symptomatic valvular heart disease
  • Uncontrolled angina
Show all 10Show fewer
  • Presence of hemodynamically unstable dysrhythmias (e.g., ventricular tachycardia) given safety concern of unsupervised exercise20
  • Pregnant (due to associated hormonal and weight changes)
  • Non-English-speaking
  • Visual/hearing impairment or mental disability that would preclude independent use of the VW platform

Trial locations and contacts

1 site in 1 country.

United States1 site
  • Mayo Clinic

    Rochester, Minnesota, 55905

Other trials in United States

About this study

Official title: Virtual World-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation to Improve Cardiovascular Health and Outcomes Among Cardiac Patients

The proposed trial is a multiphase, multicenter, non-inferiority, hybrid type 1 effectiveness, randomized controlled trial to test an innovative virtual world-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) program, "Destination Cardiac Rehab". The primary objectives of this study are to assess the efficacy and adherence of "Destination Cardiac Rehab" compared to traditional center-based CR.

Read the detailed description

The proposed virtual world-based cardiac rehabilitation (VWCR) program provides a novel home-based delivery method of a CR program to address several barriers to care associated with traditional center-based CR (CBCR). This 2-arm, randomized controlled trial (RCT) will rigorously assess adherence and efficacy of VWCR compared to CBCR in a 12-week (36-session) intervention that includes patient education, self-monitoring of physical activity and blood pressure, social support, and weekly telehealth visits with a CR nurse and exercise physiologist. Patients with a CR eligible cardiovascular event will be recruited from 6 geographically diverse CR centers across the United States. We hypothesize that the VWCR, known as "Destination Cardiac Rehab" will be non-inferior to CBCR as assessed by improvement in cardiovascular health and adherence to CR sessions.

Being tested
Virtual World-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (VWCR), Center-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)
Medical subject headings
Cardiovascular Diseases

What participants receive

What participants receive. In a randomised study each person is assigned to one group by chance.

  • Virtual World-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (VWCR)Other

    Also called Destination Cardiac Rehab

    12-week virtual world technology-based program via Second Life platform. Weekly virtual visits with nurse coach and exercise physiologist, weekly education sessions, and social support group discussions within the virtual world environment.

  • Center-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)Other

    Traditional 12-week in-person cardiac rehabilitation program; standard of care at participant's cardiac rehabilitation facility

Study groups in NCT05897710
Study groupRoleWhat they receive
Center-Based Cardiac Rehab (CBCR)Active comparatorStandard of care for participants' center-based cardiac rehabilitation program. Traditional 12-week, in-person program.
Receives: Other: Center-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR)
Virtual World-Based Cardiac Rehab (VWCR)ExperimentalTelehealth delivery of cardiac rehabilitation via Second Life virtual world platform. 12-week, home-based program.
Receives: Other: Virtual World-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (VWCR)

What is being measured

The primary outcome is the main question the study is designed to answer.

  1. Life's Essential 8 component: Self-reported healthy diet

    Changes from baseline in healthy diet using the Mediterranean Eating Patterns for Americans (MEPA), a 16-item questionnaire evaluating accordance with a Mediterranean-like diet pattern

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  2. Life's Essential 8 component: Self-reported physical activity

    Changes from baseline in physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), a 12-item questionnaire classifying physical activity as "low," "moderate," or "high" intensity physical activity (minutes/day) over the prior week

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  3. Life's Essential 8 component: Self-Reported smoking status

    Changes from baseline in smoking status using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-Smoking-Cigarette Use Questionnaire (NHANES-SMQ), evaluating current and past smoking habits

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  4. Life's Essential 8 component: Sleep Quality

    Changes from baseline in sleep quality (number of hours of sleep nightly) using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  5. Life's Essential 8 component: Body Mass Index (BMI)

    Changes from baseline in BMI as calculated with weight (kg) and height (m), reported as kg/m^2

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  6. Life's Essential 8 component: Cholesterol

    Changes from baseline in Non-HDL Cholesterol levels reported as mg/dL

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  7. Life's Essential 8 component: Blood Glucose

    Changes from baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (percent) and fasting blood glucose (mg/dL)

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  8. Life's Essential 8 component: Blood Pressure

    Changes from baseline in systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements; average of three sitting readings in mmHg

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  9. Life's Essential 8 composite score: Cardiovascular health

    Changes from baseline in Life's Essential 8 score. Life's Essential 8 composite score is determined as a composite of all components by calculating an unweighted average score on a scale of 0 to 100 points. An overall cardiovascular health score (Life's Essential 8 score) will be considered high (80 to 100 points), moderate (50 to 79 points) or low for (0 to 49 points).

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  10. Number of sessions attended by participants

    Optimal adherence defined as completion of 70% or more of weekly visits (in-person or virtual). Attendance measured by CR staff for control group, and by VWCR web administrators, Exercise Physiologists, and Nurse Coaches in the VWCR arm.

    Measured: Baseline through 12-week program

Secondary outcomes (10)
  1. MACE (Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events) 3 months post-randomization

    MACE (Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events): CV-related hospital readmissions; CV and all-cause mortality

    Measured: 3 months and 6 months post-randomization

  2. Exercise Sessions

    Self-reported number of self-directed exercise sessions per week, confirmed by Fitbit activity tracker data.

    Measured: Baseline through 12-week (36 session) cardiac rehabilitation program

  3. Functional Capacity

    Six-Minute walk test, evaluating blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and pulse after walking for 6 minutes at a normal pace

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  4. Health-related quality of life

    Changes from baseline in health-related quality of life using the Short Form [SF]-12 Health Survey, a self-reported outcome measure assessing the impact of health on an individual's everyday life. The SF-12 consists of 12-items and 8 subdomains. Each item of the questionnaire has response categories which vary from 2- to 6-point scales and raw scores for items ranging from 1 to 6. The raw scores are summated and linearly transformed into 0-100 scale with a higher score indicating better health status.

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  5. Physical Activity Self-efficacy

    Changes from baseline in physical activity self-efficacy measured by the Exercise Confidence Survey scale to assess the participant's confidence in their ability to exercise when faced with common barriers. 12 items are assessed, each on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 to 5. A higher total sum indicates higher self-efficacy for physical activity.

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  6. Physical Activity Self-regulation

    Changes from baseline in physical activity self-regulation measured by the Health Beliefs Survey to assess strategies used in the past 3 months to increase their step count or physical activity levels. Items are measured on a five-point scale from 1 (never) to 5 (repeatedly). Higher scores indicate more self-regulation.

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  7. Physical Activity Social Support

    Changes from baseline in physical activity social support using the Social Support for Exercise Survey scale that asks participants how much encouragement they received to increase physical activity on a five-point scale from 1 (never) to 5 (very often). Higher scores indicate more social support for physical activity.

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  8. Diet Self-efficacy

    Changes from baseline in diet self-efficacy measured the Diet Confidence Survey scale to assess the participant's confidence in their ability to maintain a healthy diet when faced with common barriers. 12 items are assessed, each on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 to 5. A higher total sum indicates higher self-efficacy for healthy eating.

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  9. Diet Self-regulation

    Changes from baseline in diet self-regulation measured by the Health Beliefs Survey to assess strategies used in the past 3 months to eat healthier foods. Items are measured on a five-point scale from 1 (never) to 5 (repeatedly). Higher scores indicate more use of self-regulation strategies to promote healthy eating.

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

  10. Diet Social Support

    Changes from baseline in diet social support using the Social Support for Eating Habits Survey scale that asks participants how much encouragement they received to eat healthier on a five-point scale from 1 (never) to 5 (very often). Higher scores indicate more social support for healthy eating.

    Measured: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization

Timeline

From the start of the study to its completion; the mark is today. Estimated dates are the sponsor’s plan.

  1. First posted9 Jun 2023
  2. Study start7 Mar 2023
  3. Primary completion31 Jan 2024
  4. Study completion31 Jan 2024

Resources

More details

For doctors and researchers: how the study is designed, who runs it, and its registry IDs.

Study design
Study type
Interventional
Phase
Phase N/A
Primary purpose
Health services research
Allocation
Randomised
Intervention model
Parallel groups
Masking
None (open label)
Enrolment
2,881 participants (actual)
IDs, dates and publications
ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05897710
Sponsor's protocol ID
22-011357
Acronym
VWCR
Status last verified
Feb 2026
First submitted
5 May 2023
Last updated
27 Feb 2026
Results posted
No
Data monitoring committee
Yes
FDA-regulated drug
No
FDA-regulated device
No
Individual data sharing
No

Publications

  • Brewer LC, Abraham H, Clark D 3rd, Echols M, Hall M, Hodgman K, Kaihoi B, Kopecky S, Krogman A, Leth S, Malik S, Marsteller J, Mathews L, Scales R, Schulte P, Shultz A, Taylor B, Thomas R, Wong N, Olson T. Efficacy and Adherence Rates of a Novel Community-Informed Virtual World-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program: Protocol for the Destination Cardiac Rehab Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2023 Dec 5;12(23):e030883. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.123.030883. Epub 2023 Nov 28.

    PubMed 38014699

Questions about this trial

What is this clinical trial studying?

A study testing Virtual World-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (VWCR) and Center-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation (CBCR) in people with Cardiac Event and Telemedicine, run by Mayo Clinic at 1 site in United States.

The full registered description is in the About this study section and the official record.

Who may be eligible to take part?

The sponsor lists 4 inclusion and 10 exclusion criteria. Eligibility is decided by the study team after screening, so read the full criteria and contact a listed site.

Is this clinical trial currently recruiting?

The record says: finished, as of the sponsor's last update on 27 Feb 2026. Status can change between updates, so confirm with the study contact before making plans.

Where is the study taking place?

The record lists 1 site in United States. Whether a site is taking part right now should be confirmed with that site. See every site.

What are the possible benefits and risks?

They depend on the study and the treatment, and no study can promise a benefit. The study team explains the known risks during informed consent, before anyone joins; the record itself does not list them.

Are results available for this study?

The study is completed, but results are not available in the source record. That does not mean the treatment did or did not work.

How can a doctor refer a patient or contact the research team?

The record lists no contact. The official record names the sponsor, who can be asked directly. AzTrials does not enrol participants or take referrals.

What does the primary outcome measure?

Life's Essential 8 component: Self-reported healthy diet (time frame: Baseline, 3 months, and 6 months post-randomization). The study lists 10 primary outcomes in all. It is what the study was designed to measure, not a finding.

Where can I read the original study information?

On the ClinicalTrials.gov record for NCT05897710, which also lists 1 linked publication.

Does a listing mean the treatment is approved or proven to work?

No. A listing means the study is registered. It does not show that the treatment is safe, works, or is approved by a regulator.

How often is this information updated?

AzTrials copies changed records from ClinicalTrials.gov every night and reloads the whole registry every week. The sponsor last updated this record on 27 Feb 2026.

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